Purpose: The current study investigated the verb retrieval problems in people with non-fluent aphasia. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of ACTION plan on transitive and intransitive verbs retrieval in a Persian language person with non-fluent aphasia. Case report: This case report study, including 4 distinct parts: 1) pre-treatment evaluations (Persian Test of aphasia, Persian test of verb-naming and spontaneous speech). 2) six sessions of baseline 3) four phases of treatment for 12 weeks (First, verb naming, phase two and three, including the completion of the transitive and intransitive taught verbs, phase fourth is construction sentence for two and three phases) 4) post-treatment evaluations (Repeat evaluations before the treatment). The results obtained in this study through C statistics, visual diagram and percent recovery were reported. Conclusions: The results show that except the second stage of the treatment, first and second treatments were different with significance level of (p<0. 05), the recovery had effect on untrained intransitive verbs. Recovery was the only after at the third phase for the untrained transitive verbs. In addition sentence construction with untrained verbs with completion and construction of trained transitive and intransitive verbs also significantly improved. The greatest improvement was for the sentence construction assignment through trained and untrained transitive verbs and lowest was for completion sentence by intransitive verbs. It can be concluded that this therapeutic approach for the treatment verb retrieval of Persian language patients with non-fluent aphasia is useful.

Background and Aim: Aphasia, after stroke in the left hemisphere, is a common symptom. These patients often experience incomplete recovery despite intensive speech therapy. Direct electrical stimulation of the brain is a technique to stimulate the brain in patients with neurological and psychiatric diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of this stimulation on recovery of naming ability, working memory, and aphasia quotient and the lasting duration in patients with nonfluent aphasia.Methods: In this interventional study, 10 patients with after-stroke non-fluent aphasia were enrolled.Their aphasia quotient, working memory and naming ability scores were compared before and after sham and real treatments and two months after the real treatment.10 sessions of 20-minutes sham electrical stimulation and 10 sessions of 20-minutes anodic and cathodic stimulation (2 mA) at the dorsal lateral perifrontal cortex was done for each patient. Data were analyzed using repeatedmeasures ANOVA and Friedman nonparametric tests.Results: The ability of naming and working memory scores were increased significantly after treatment and two months after it compared with before study and after sham treatment (p<0.05 for all). There was no significant improvement in aphasia quotient.Conclusion: The transcranial direct current stimulation can sustain improvement in naming function and working memory in patients with non-fluent aphasia. It can be used in the rehabilitation program of these patients.

Background and Aim: Impairment of noun retrieval is common among aphasic patients, but some of previous studies represent differences between noun retrieval ability of various aphasia syndromes. Current study investigates and compares the picture naming ability of 4 patients with fluent and non-fluent aphasia.Materials and Methods: Present study investigated the naming ability of 2 fluent and 2 non-fluent aphasic patients with oral picture naming test. This test contains line drawing of 109 nouns. Patients were asked to name each picture with a single word. Responses were classified according to Philadelphia Naming Test scoring system as correct and semantic, formal, mixed, non-word, unrelated and others error (no response, description/circumlocution, miscellaneous error). Then, the data were investigated in terms of descriptive statistics and analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test.Results: The score of non-fluent aphasics was more than fluent ones. The percentage of semantic errors in fluent group and no responses among non-fluent patients were more than the other types. Despite of personal differences, all error types were found in responses of patients. The difference between score and error types in fluent and non-fluent patients was not significant (p>05).Conclusion: This scoring system can define a variety of word retrieval errors. The fluent aphasics have more noun retrieval problems than non-fluent patients. Although, there are differences between two groups, but error type in picture naming is not a precise factor for distinguish between various aphasia syndromes and there is similarity in impaired underling mechanisms and naming behavior of them.  

Background and Objective: Broca's aphasia is characterize by reduced content of speech and increased pause in sentences, reduced rate of speech and reduced sentence length. In this study, the effectiveness of video clips was assess as a verbal stimulus in Response Elaboration Training (RET) with the objective to increase speech content. Case presentation: The patient was a 45-year-old with a complaint of inability to speak after brain tumor surgery. Cognitive test results were normal in this patient. However, the results of Persian Farsi battery showed severe Broca's aphasia. There was no such dysarthria and apraxia in this patient. The patient was schedule for one hour and three-days a week Video-Clip Stimuli training. Results: After 4 sessions, the content of the patient's words was more than twice the content of his words in the evaluation sessions. . Conclusion: The present research showed that the Response Elaboration Training (RET) could increase the content of patients’ utterances more than 2 times.

This article aims to study the role of semantic transparency in processing simple and root compound nouns consisting of ‘ N+N’ comprising the most frequent compound nouns in Persian, in two Broca and two Transcortical Motor aphasias via picture confrontation naming and repetition tasks. Comparisons of two groups' performance showed that Transcortical Motor aphasic patients performed better than Broca aphasics in naming and repetition tasks, while for both groups naming was more difficult than repetition proving dissociation of naming and repetition processes and their independent organization in the brain. With respect to transparency, the highest and lowest numbers of errors were found in transparent and partially transparent nouns, respectively, proving easier processing of partially transparent nouns. Data analysis shows that naming and repetition of compound nouns take place via dual (holistic and decomposing) routes, but decomposition route is more dominant in repetition, and holistic route in naming. Analysis of errors demonstrates that the processing of simple nouns takes place through the holistic route. Also, the analysis of interaction in Persian non-fluent aphasic patients confirms that semantic transparency has no role in processing root compound nouns.

Objective: The goal of the present study is to assess the question of whether linguistic capabilities in the mind, are independent and distinguishable from other cognitive capabilities, or are there relationships between linguistic capabilities and non-linguistic cognitive capabilities. Methods: To this end, we measured the relationship between the capability of syntactic comprehension and the capability of processing cognitive sequences in Broca aphasia patients. This was a comparative-descriptive study. Ten Broca aphasia patients were selected via goal-directed approach from public speech-therapy centers in the city of Tehran. Caplan et al.’s test for syntactic comprehension and Lelekov’s process of cognitive sequences were administered to the subjects and the results of the two tests were compared. Results: Findings indicated a direct relationship between the comprehension of some syntactic structures and the ability of processing cognitive sequences (r=o.5). The inability of Broca patients to correctly affiliate semantic roles, is related to a more general cognitive disorder due to impairment in neural structures, common between the process of linguistic comprehension and cognitive sequences. Conclusion: contrary to the modularity theory of language, linguistic capabilities of humans could not be limited to an independent faculty in the mind; and it should be accepted that linguistic capabilities and non-linguistic cognitive capabilities interact with each other.

Objectives: So far, The Persian Aphasia Battery (PAB) has been widely used by clinicians as the first clinical linguistic test to assess and rehabilitate aphasia and language impairments among adult Iranian brain damaged aphasic patients (Fluent/Non-Fluent). The first version was provided based on linguistic and cultural adaptations on healthy Persian speaking adults and has been used by clinicians for more than 20 years. The purpose of this study was to report on the validity and reliability of PAB, based on the results obtained from aphasic patients.Methods & Materials: In this research we report on data obtained from 57 Persian speaking brain damaged patients with the age range of 19 to 83 years who were recruited from clinics in Tehran, Mashhad, Karaj, Yazd, Isfahan, and Shiraz cities, Iran during 2006 to 2011 through purposeful sampling system. The clinical language profiles of the patients were checked by an experienced speech language pathologist (SLP) for diagnosis. The internal consistency of the Battery, the subtests and items in each subtest were assessed based on the Cronbach α index. The internal consistency of the structure of the Battery was based on the correlation between its subtests and each language skill.Results: The overall measure of internal consistency of the Battery was 0.93 and the internal consistency of major language skills was significant (r=0.3-0.76, P<0.05). The subtests had high to medium internal consistencies (r=0.63-0.83, P<0.01). The profiles of different language skills and subtests of PAB are consistent with the diagnosis of aphasia type by expert SLP clinicians.Conclusion: Based on the obtained validity and reliability measures, the Battery has high internal consistency and clinical utility and can be used for differential diagnosis and measuring severity of aphasia in clinical linguistic studies among adult Persian speaking brain damaged patients.

INTRODUCTION: Working memory is a mental capacity that allows language comprehension. Memory deficits due to brain damage have been shown in m many studies. In this research we compared working memory capacity of left hemisphere damaged aphasic patients with normal adults.MATERIALS & METHODS: Working memory tasks was companed between adult aphasic patients (n=10) and age, gender and literacy matched normal adults (n=10).Two different tasks including written cards and a plate with distributed diode lamps were used for assessment visual auditory and visual-spatial working memory.RESULTS: in aphasic patients for both tasks by increasing the number of retrieval items the number of errors increased significantly. CONCLUSION: Since working memory is a temporary medium of retension and processing for complex process such as Language diagnosis of its deficits and treating that in aphaxic patients is adviced. The results of this study showed a severe decrease in the working memory of dysfluent aphasic patients. Wealfare