Background: Types A and B hemophilia are coagulation disorders associated with many complications. Osteoporosis is a skeletal condition characterized by the decreased density of normally mineralized bone. This study aims to determine the relationship between osteoporosis and hemophilic arthropathy in severe hemophilia patients over the age of 20 years in Kerman, Iran.Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of bone density among 40 male patients with severe hemophilia. Lumbar spine and femoral bone mineral density (BMDs) were measured using a Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. The T-scores for BMDs were computed and values from -2.5 to -1 were considered as osteopenia. Those less than -2.5 were considered to be osteoporotic.Results: About 42% of patients had normal BMD, 50% were osteopenic, and the rest were osteoporotic. The mean BMI, number of arthropathic joints, and the numbers of joint bleeding during the previous year were signicantly higher in osteoporotic patients than osteopenic and normal groups (P=0.05, =0.003 and=0.011, respectively). The mean for factor replacement, the number of joint bleeding episodes in the past year, and the number of arthropathic joints were signicant independent predictors of both spinal and femoral BMD. Their odds ratios (OR) were 1.29 (factor replacement), 1.17 (numbers of joint bleeding episodes), and 1.73 (number of arthropathic joints), which were signicant (P<0.05).Conclusion: Our results suggest that men with severe hemophilia have reduced BMD. Patients at risk are those with signs of hemophilic arthropathy. Because osteoporosis may complicate the future treatment of patients with hemophilia, screening of patients with hemophilic arthropathy for reduction of BMD and preventive therapies is highly recommended.

INTRODUCTION: Adequate intake of fruits and vegetables as part of the daily diet could help prevent major non-communicable diseases including osteoporosis. Some nutrients abundant in fruits and vegetables have been shown to affect bone health. In the present study we evaluated fruit and vegetable intake in postmenopausal women with osteopenia who had referred to bone mineral densitometry center of Shariati hospital in Tehran. METHODS: The present cross-sectional study was carried out on 51 healthy postmenopausal women aged 45-60 years. Bone mineral density was measured by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry at lumbar spine and total hip. All women were osteopenic according to WHO criteria. Food groups’ intake was assessed by 2 days 24 hour recall. Bone resorption was calculated by measuring carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type Ι collagen (crosslaps) and bone formation by measuring serum osteocalcin. RESULTS: No significant correlation was found for current food groups’ intake and bone mineral density at either lumbar spine or total hip. Fruit and vegetable intake was significantly negatively correlated with osteocalcin level (r = -0.4, P< 0.001). Serum osteocalcin level in those who consumed more than 400 grams of fruit and vegetable daily was significantly lower than in the others (18±6.5 compared with 30±13.7, P<0.05). DISCUSSION: Increasing fruit and vegetable intake up to WHO recommendations for prevention of many chronic diseases can also be effective in prevention of osteoporosis and reducing fracture risk in postmenopausal osteopenic women. Intake of at least 400 grams  of fruits and vegetables daily can complement what is currently recommended for osteoporosis prevention.    

Introduction: Osteopenia is a recognized complication in VLBW infants. In adequate postnatal intake of calcium and phosphorus is probably important in the pathogenesis of bone disease in VLBW infants.This study is carried out to determine the effect of calcium and phosphorus supplementation on prevention of osteopenia in preterm infants.Material and Methods: In NICU at Ghaem Hospital for a period of one year 43 preterm infants with birth weight less than 2000gr, were followed from birth to six week after birth. Twenty babies (control group) received breast milk and 23 babies (case group) received breast milk and supplemented with calcium and phosphorus. All received a daily supplement of 400U vitamin D. serum calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase obtained every two weeks until six-weeks postnatal age, at the end of this time wrist x-ray for evaluating of osteopenia were done.Results: With biochemical criteria 15 patients developed osteopenia, which 7(30.4%) were in the case group and eight (40%) were in the control group. With radiographic criteria 23 patients developed osteopenia which 11(48%) were in the case group and 12(60%) were in the control group, these difference are not significant (P=0.35 and P=O.2).Linear growth during this period was 5.36cm in the case group versus 4.45cm in the control group, and weight gain was 19.76gr/day in the case group versus l6.61g/day in the control group.Conclusion: Calcium and phosphorus supplementation in VLBW infants that fed breast milk was effective on prevention of osteopenia. In addition this supplementation induced better linear growth and weight gain.

Background: Osteoporosis is the most common bone disease and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly people. Multiple therapeutic regimens have been designed to prevent progressive bone loss in postmenopausal women and the elderly and to treat reduced bone mass by inhibiting bone resorbption and/or increasing bone formation. Although Monotherapy is preferred but combination therapy is recommended in many studies. In this study we used Alendronate, calcium &vitamin D and measured its effectiveness.Materials and Methods: We chose 47 patients who had osteoporosis and osteopenia complications and took them a combined Regimen of Alendronate, calcium supplement and vitamin D and had been advised to have regular exercise. We measured their BMD and T- score at beginning and end of the study. Results: After 12.7± 1.27 month BMD and T- score changed dramatically in our patients. They have 1.29 ± 4.22 percent increase in BMD of pelvis, 2.6 ± 4.86 percent in vertebra. T-score was increased 0.152 ±0.3 in vertebra and 0.84± 0.36 in Pelvis. Conclusion: Osteoporosis is a disorder of bone characterized by reduced mineral density and bone mass. Multiple therapeutic regimens have been recommended to prevent and treatment it. In our study, we found that combined Regimen of Alendronate, calcium supplement and vitamin D is effective in treatment osteoporosis and recommend it if economical and medical conditions of patients allow it.

Background: Osteoporosis is a major and growing public health problem in bone sexes but particularly in Post-Menopausal women.The aim of this study is evaluation of T Score and BMD mean in vertebra and femoral neck for estimation of Frequency of osteopenia and osteoprosis in post-menopausal women of military families, which had not other secondary osteoporosis risk factors.Materials and Methods: In a cross sectional study we studied 200 post menopausal women that were not menopause more than 5 years and had not secondary cause of osteoporosis. Lumbar vertebra and femoral neck bone density measured by DEXA (Norland ZR-63, for Atkinson, WI, USA) system.Results: Mean age of patients was 57.2±4.2 and T Score mean in lumbar spines and femoral neck was -1.09±1.11 and -1.69±1.05 respectively.Frequency of osteoporosis was 25.5% and 7% and osteopenia was seen in 51% and 47.5% respectively. Over all, osteoporosis Frequency was 26% and osteopenia Frequency was 52.5% respectively.Conclusion: This study showed post menopausal osteoporosis is most common in military families same another research and according to high prevalence of postmenopausal osteoporosis that induces mortality and morbidity and high treatment cost and long term health cares, the human community needs to comprehensive studies about prevention, causes, prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.