Objective: To investigate the effect of Romberg Exercise on balance improvement in elderly persons, 70 elderly persons with the history of two or more falling during recent 3 months were selected from Kahrizak nursing home in Tehran (38 as cases and 32 as controls).Materials & Methods: Romberg Exercise was done in case group every day (45 minute per day and one time each day) for 3 months. Among all persons, 28 persons in case group and 21 persons in control group were followed for 6 months and incidence and frequency of falling were assessed during this time.Results: The Incidence of one or more falling in case and control groups was 31.3% and 47.6% in men and 57.9% and 27.3% in women, respectively. We found no significant relation between gender and the incidence of falling (P=0.460). Also, no significant relation was found between age and incidence (P=0.554) and frequency of falling (P=0.144) in elderly persons.Conclusion: Although the effect of Romberg Exercise on improvement of balance disturbance and falling was not demonstrated, it needs additional studies with larger sample size and longer follow-up.

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the most common causes of mortality in the world. Increased blood pressure is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Decreasing blood pressure due to Exercise can reduce the risk of cardiovascular incidents. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of Exercise on blood pressure, heart rate and rate pressure product.materials and methods: To evaluate the effects of intensity and volume of resistance Exercises on the post-Exercise cardiovascular responses, 10 young untrained non-athletic men (age: 22±0.8 years; height: 173.05±2.4 cms and weight: 67.2±3.4 kgs) participated in this study as the subjects. The subjects performed four Exercise bouts in a randomized order. Each bout consisted of five Exercises: arm curl, hamstring curl, squat, seated lat pull-down and bench press. The Exercises were determined to be performed at three sets: SHORT volume of LOW 40% 1RM (SL) and HIGH intensity 80%1RM (SH) and at six sets: LONG volume of LOW 40% 1RM (LL) and HIGH intensity 80% 1RM (LH). Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and rate pressure product (RPP) (product of HR and systolic BP) were measured before the Exercise (baseline) and at the ten-minute intervals within 90 minutes after each Exercise. Then, the data were analyzed using two way ANOVA repeated measures and LSD post-hoc tests.results: Systolic BP was found to be Affected by the volume and intensity of Exercise and became lower during 10 to 60 minutes after the Exercises (P<0.05). However, Diastolic BP was not altered after the Exercise bouts. HR was increased in 30 minutes after LL and SL, and within 60 minutes after SH and LH Exercises (P<0.05). In contrast, after SH and LH, RPP was increased over a period of 50 minutes.Conclusion: The intensity and volume of resistance Exercises do not influence the magnitude and duration of post-Exercise hypotension. Also, HR and RPP post-Exercise are not affected by the resistance Exercise volume.

Conclusion: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease of central nerve system which involves the brain and spinal cord. The cause of this disease is still unknown. This disease causes some disorders in conducting the nerve and electrical currents by destroying the myelin. Thus, due to the vital acuity of the problem, the purpose is to study the effect of aquatic Exercises for 8 weeks on the balance improvement in female MS patients. Materials and Methods: This is an applied research study with a Quasi-Experimental method. The present study was carried out on 45 female MS patients who were randomly selected from 100 MS patients. The subjects, aging from 20 to 50 years old, fell in a range of 4±1 years in terms of duration of illness with a range of 1-5 degrees of illness. They were divided into two groups: Experimental group consisting of 25 patients and the Control group with 20 patients. The Experimental received the treatment as programmed for 8 weeks with 3 sessions per week. The treatment included exercising at a maximum heart beat rate of 40 to 50 percent of intensity. The quality of life (QOL) was determined for both groups of the study before and after the study, using FAMS, Version 2. Finally, the gathered data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and dependent sample t- test. Results: The findings indicate that after 8 weeks of aquatic exercising, the balance was meaningfully improved in the Experimental group (P=0/000). A significant difference was observed in their differences of means from the pre-test to the post-test, in terms of QOL (P=0.000). However, there was no significant difference between the pre- and post-test grades of the Controlled group, in this regard (a=0.05). There was an average of 9.28% of improvement in the Experimental group’s quality of life after the treatment. Such a difference is regarded as remarkable improvement for MS patients.Conclusion: Considering the results of this research, it seems necessary to propose aquatic Exercises for MS patients. Therefore, it is recommended these Exercises be practiced by the MS patients under the supervision of specialists as a supplementary remedy besides the medical treatments.

Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease of central nerve system which involves brain and spinal cord. The cause of this disease is still unknown. It causes disorders in conducting nerve and electrical current by destroying myelin. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of aquatic Exercises for 8 weeks on the improvement of balance among female MS patients.materials and methods: This is an applied research study using semi-experimental method. From 100 MS patients, 25 people were randomly selected on the basis of illness degree and age. The criteria applied for the random selection were: Patients’ responses to an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS, 1-4), an average illness time of 4±1 and the age range of 20-50 years. They were divided into two groups: The experimental group consisting of 15 patients and the controlled group which consisted consists of 10 patients. The experimental group participated in the Exercises with an intensity rate of 40-50 percent of the maximum heartbeat rate for 8 weeks, three sessions per week. Krutzke EDSS questionnaire was used to measure the EDSS in experimental and controlled groups both before and after the Exercises. The gathered data were analyzed by using descriptive statistic and dependent sample t- test.results: The research has shown that after 8 weeks of treatment, the balance in the experimental group was significantly improved (P=0.000). A significant difference in their mean scores on EDSS was observed (P=0.000). Also, there was a significant difference in the experimental group’s EDSS scores in the pretest and post-test (P=0.000). However, there was no significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the controlled group (P=0.279, a=0.05). As the findings suggest, Exercises of this type could decrease up to 0.5 degree in EDSS scores among MS patients. Such amount of decrease is very valuable for MS patients.Conclusion: Considering the results of this research suggesting an improvement in the balance of MS patients with low EDSS, it seems necessary to apply aquatic Exercises for such patients.Therefore, it is recommended that MS patients practice such Exercises, under the supervision of specialists, as a supplementary remedy along with the medical treatments.

Objectives: Physical activity and Exercise as a part of a healthy lifestyle in the prevention and treatment of many diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and improving the risk of related factors such as lipid profile, have always been considered. Increasing HDL and decreasing LDL, TG and cholesterol are among the strongest factors to prevent cardiovascular diseases. Aging is a complex process of physiological and social changes that lead to various diseases. The number of elderly people in the world is increasing dramatically, and it should be noted that the rapid aging of the population represents a major public health burden. The study aimed reviewing and analyzing existing studies regarding the effectiveness of different Exercise training protocols on lipid profile in elderly people. methods & Materials: The present systematic review research was conducted by a comprehensive search in SID, Irandoc and Magiran databases for articles published in the last ten years. Key words "lipid profile", "aging" and "Exercises" in Farsi language and the results of 18 eligible studies with 525 participants. Results: It seems that different sports Exercises have a positive effect on the lipid profile of the elderly, regardless of the intensity and type of Exercise. These factors are effective for the prevention and early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases Conclusion: it is suggested to use different sports Exercises to improve the lipid profile in the elderly. Also, in future researches, the effect of various Exercise protocols should be investigated to identify the best and most effective protocol, and more effective protocols should be introduced.

Background: Many studies showed that heart rate recovery (1 min) and Exercise capacity at Exercise test are both strong predictors of cardiovascular events in various populations. This study compared heart rate recovery (1min) and Exercise capacity in individuals with and without metabolic syndrome in Iranian community.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 470 individuals aged ³ 35 years who followed in Isfahan Cohort Study. A questionnaire including questions on demographic and lifestyle information as well as weight, height, blood pressure, and waist circumference was completed. Triglyceride, fasting blood glucose (FBS), total cholesterol, HDL, and LDL levels were measured as well. All subjects performed a symptom limited Exercise test under the standard Bruce protocol. Heart rate recovery (1 min) and Exercise capacity were calculated. Data were analyzed by generalized linear model SPSS15 software.Finding: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were higher in individuals with metabolic syndrome (P=0.001). Heart rate recovery (1 min) was in normal range in individuals with and without metabolic syndrome (>18 bpm) but in subjects without metabolic syndrome it was higher (41.48 versus 37.07; P=0.007). There was no difference between men and women in individuals with and without metabolic syndrome (P=0.645 and 0.39 respectively). Exercise capacity was lower in individuals without metabolic syndrome (P=0.022).Conclusion: Our findings suggested that among Exercise capacity and heart rate recovery, this is Exercise capacity which has a stronger relationship with metabolic syndrome in our community. Also, it seems that there is a need for reconsideration on heart rate recovery threshold.

Introduction: Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain that results from damage to the central and peripheral nerves. According to the previous studies, curcumin and Exercise can be effective treatments for alleviating sensory neuropathic pain individually. Now the combined effect of chronic curcumin (Cur) and forced Exercise on behavioral pain responses in the neuropathic pain model of chronic constriction injury (CCI) in rats is considered. Materials and Methods: 80 Male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to eight groups (n=10). These groups include Sham+ Vehicle (Veh), Sham+Exercise, CCI+Veh, CCI+Exercise, CCI+Veh+Exercise, Cur+CCI, Exercise+Cur+CCI. First, neuropathic pain was induced by CCI in the respective groups. For the treatment of neuropathic pain in the Cur+CCI group, animals received curcumin (60 mg/kg) started 12 days after the surgery until day 26. The Exercise started 12 days after surgery until day 33 in the CCI+Veh+Exercise and CCI+Exercise groups. Thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia were performed on days 12 and 34. Results: We found that CCI-induced neuropathy could produce thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia 12 days after CCI induction. In addition, co-administration of curcumin and moderate-intensity Exercise in each of the treated groups individually could alleviate neuropathic pain compared with the nontreated CCI. Conclusion: Our findings showed that co-administration of curcumin and Exercise individually, could alleviate neuropathic pain compared with nontreated CCI. In addition, there was not any additive or synergistic effect between the treatment of Exercise and curcumin.