Statement of Problem: Hemodialytic patients may be exposed to periodontal diseases during treatment. No information of any kind is available regarding the periodontal treatment needs of such patients.Purpose: The aim of the present study was to determine the periodontal treatment needs of hemodialytic patients, living in Tehran, to be presented to the public health system.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study using CPITN INDEX 75 patients according to multi-stage sampling method and in proportion to the number of patients in Tehran were selected.Following necessary training, qualified subjects were chosen and a special questionnaire was completed for each using personal protection, CPITN INDEX, by WHO prob, was examined and numbered according to (0-4) codes.Results: The findings showed that 10.6% of the patients had normal periodontal status (Code-0), 12% of the patients had bleeding upon probing (code-1), 21.4% had calculus (Code-2), 21% of the patients had shallow pockets (Code-3) and 24% had deep pockets. It was also shown that 89.4% of the patients needed oral hygiene instruction, 77.4% needed scaling and 24% required advanced periodontal treatments whereas only 10.6% did not need any treatment.Conclusion: No statistically significant relationship was found between periodontal status and factors such as age, sex, the history of hemodialysis treatment and level of patients' education.

Background & Aim: The effects of sociocultural status on periodontal condition in pregnant women have been reported by a number of researchers. Based on the latest researches and statistics it is concluded that periodontal disease is an important risk factor, leading to preterm delivery or low birth weight baby.Method & Materials: This study evaluates the periodontal condition of 148 pregnant women based on CPITN INDEX, and relation between the demographic (age, professional and education level, month of pregnancy, number of children, number of pregnancies) and clinical variable (previous dental care, frequency of tooth brushing). The x2 test was used to analyze the data.Results: The results of study showed that %14.2 had Pregnancy tumor and %37/8 had gingival enlargement. CPITN INDEX is increased in trimesters and aging. There was a significant relation between CPITN and age (P= 0.004), education level (P=0.000), professional level (P=0.0001) number of pregnancies (P=0.021), number of children (P=0.034), present month of pregnancy (P=0.000) previous dental care (P=0.045) and frequency of tooth brushing (P=0.000).Conclusion: In view of the results of our study, it might be suggested that simple preventive oral hygiene program helps to maintain healthy gingival and periodontium during pregnancy.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate Periodontal status and treatment needs among Mashhad dental students.Materials and Methods: 301 students (204male and 97female) with age range of 19-37 were selected from 3rd 4th , 5th and 6thgrade dental students and were studied for 5 months using CPITN INDEX.Results: Mean CPTIN was 0.447 for females and 0.912 from males. In female it was 0.22 for maxilla and 0.674 for mandible. In males it was 0.672 for maxilla and 1.152 for mandible.Mean CPITN among different age groups was : 0.546 for the 19-25 year group, 0.970 for the 26-30 year group and 1.213 for the>30 year group respectively. Mean CPTIN was 0.715, 0.696, 0.827 and 0.784 for the 3rd ,4th ,5th and 6th grade dental students respectively. Conclusion: Periodontal status was more satisfactory among females, and among the 4th grade students followed by 3rd grade students. Treatment needs were generally low. Maxilla was less affected than mandible. Gingivitis was the most prevalent involvement.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic commonly associated with periodontal disease. Periodontal disease has been hailed as the sixth complication of diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate prevalence and diversity of periodontal disease in diabetic patients by using CPITN INDEX. A comparison was made between 264 diabetic patients (NIDDM, 226, IDDM, 38) from Yazd. Diabetes center and 246 control subjects from oral disease department of Yazd dental school. The spss program (non parametric chi-square test) was used for statistical analysis. We concluded that the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease in diabetics is more than nondiabetic populations. We also found that there is significant correlation between the increase of age and prevalence of periodontal -disease in all groups. In diabetic patients, there is a significant correlation between duration of diabetes (up to 4 years) and prevalence and severity of periodontal disease. Prevalence and severity of periodontal disease in the two type of diabetes the same.      

Background & Objective: There are over 3 million mental retarded all over the world. So that promotion of oral and dental health of these patients is one of the major challenges in every society. This study was conducted to determine the periodontal treatment needs for these patients in Tabriz institutes.Materials & Methods: Three hundred and eighty six mental retarded patients between 4 to 22 years old residing in Tabriz institute were selected (191 male and 195 female). Disability severity and intelligence quotient (IQ) were evaluated regarding the history of the periodontal needs were amended by CPITN INDEX. T-test, chi-square and Mann-Whitney test were used for data analysis.Results: Difference of Mean between male and female was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Absolute distributions of sever, moderate and mild retardation 120, 215, 51. Relationship between IQ and periodontal need score WAS statistically significant (p<0.05). Treatments need score for 87 samples were TN0 and for 113 samples was TN1. 144 samples had score and rest of the sample had TN3 score.Conclusion: Severity of mental retardation and disability in these patients has direct significant correlation with periodontal state and treatment needs.

Background & Objectives: Epidemiological data are needed because of the importance of health system planning, implementation and evaluation of periodontal status and treatment needs of patients undergoing hemodialysis. This study was conducted in Yazd using CPITN INDEX. The aim of the present study was to determine the periodontal treatment needs of hemodialytic patients in Yazd and provide information of certain diseases and health promotion to practitioners and healthcare providers.Methods: In this descriptive study, 100 persons in two groups of 50 hemodialytic patients and 50 healthy subjects were selected. Two groups were matched for age and sex and also provided with necessary training and asked for cooperation. Questionnaires prepared for this purpose were completed for each participant. CPITN INDEX using WHO probe were assessed in patients.Results: Findings showed significant relationship between periodontal status, age and education factors.Conclusions: The present study indicates that gingival disease is very common in the dialysis population. Therefore, special considerations in periodontal therapy are needed and these people should take regular examinations for their treatment plan.

Background and Objective: Based on the latest researches it is concluded that periodontal disease is an important risk factor, leading to preterm delivery low birth weight babies and the effects of socioeconomic status on periodontal condition. The aim of this study, evaluation of periodontal condition of pregnant and non-pregnant women based on CPITN INDEX and relation between the demographic and clinical variables.Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 540 pregnant and non-pregnant women. Data collection was carried out with a questionnaire with demographic and clinical variables. Examinations were performed with WHO probes and dental mirrors. Data were analyzed by the means on Chi-square T-test and Anova. SPSS Software was used.Results: The results of study showed that 66.7% pregnant women had periodontal disease and 92% pregnant women in third trimester had periodontal disease. There was a significant relation between CPITN and gestational age, education level, economic level and frequency of tooth brushing.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that pregnant women had higher CPITN than non pregnant women, then it might be suggested that simple preventive oral hygiene program help to maintain healthy periodontium during pregnancy.

Aim: Several clinical parameters are used in epidemiological surveys of periodontal diseases as well as in treatment planning for periodontal patients. The CPTIN INDEX was originally introduced to determine the periodontal treatment t1eedsin communities. Since periodontal evaluation is always neglected in dental offices and the convenience of using CPITN, this INDEX was compared with clinical attachment level, pocket depth, bleeding on probing and bone loss in 25 patients.Method & Material: Using a WHO 612 CPITN probe measurements was carried out and pocket depth was measured by means of a pressure sensitive probe with a constant force of 25 g. Bone loss was measured from patients P.A. radiographs.Results: Spearman rank correlation test showed a strong significant correlation between CPITN and pocket depth (r=0.82, P<0.0001).Conclusion: Since, pocket depth is an important factor in treatment planning, this finding beside the convenience of CPITN use in dental clinics, this INDEX is suggested for clinical use.

Introduction: Headache is a common problem with intense side effects on quality of life. Dental and maxillofacial problems, including dental infections and temporomandibular disorders may trigger the onset of headache or have direct impact on the intensity of headache. The purpose of this paper is assessment of oral health INDEXes in chronic headache patients and compare it with a healthy control group. Materials and Methods: Thirty chronic headache patients based on diagnosis by a neurologist were enrolled in our study and thirty healthy volunteers were recruited into the control group. Dental and periodontal examination were carried out in order to evaluate of the decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) INDEX, the assessment of community periodontal INDEX of treatment needs (CPITN) INDEX and determination of tooth wear status and oral health status. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS statistical package (version 20, IBM). Results: Mean age, educational level, tooth brushing, using dental floss and DMFT INDEX was not statistically different between chronic headache patients and control group. There was no statistically significant difference in CPITN INDEX between cases and control group (p-value=0. 538). Conclusion: This study suggest that chronic headache patients have an acceptable oral hygiene which may be attribute to their attempts to omit pain from head and oral region. Considering high prevalence of chronic headache, planning a protocol for oral hygiene instruction is necessary. In this regard, coordination between neurologists and oral medicine specialists can be very effective.