Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA), often termed stress-induced anovulation (SIA), is characterized by reduced GnRH drive and mild hypercortisolemia. The behavioral antecedents associated with the development of nonorganic forms of chronic anovulation and amenorrhea are variable. While voluntary undernutrition and increased activity, including excessive exercise, are commonly reported by women with FHA / SIA, the energy deficits created by these behaviors generally do not seem sufficient to independently disrupt GnRH drive. We therefore hypothesized that metabolic stress amplifies the impact of social stress. Available monkey and human data support this notion, but the mechanisms mediating this potentiation have not been fully explicated. Based on the foregoing considerations, we formulated three key questions regarding the pathogenesis of FHA / SIA. First, does metabolic challenge in the form of exercise elicit a comparable metabolic and endocrine response in eumenorrheic, ovulatory women and those with FHA / SIA? Second, to what extent is the increase in circulating cortisol observed in FHA communicated to the central nervous system? Third, will addressing problematic behaviors and attitudes reverse FHA? An understanding of the pathogenesis of FHA / SIA may help in treating couples with infertility, especially those who have subclinical forms of hypothalamic hypogonadism such as functional oligospermia and luteal insufficiency.

Purpose: To report a case of bilateral scleral COMPROMISE in a male patient with hereditary porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT). Methods: Case report. Results: A 57-year-old male was referred to the Cornea Service at Hospital de Clinicas in Buenos Aires for bilateral scleral thinning. He claimed ocular discomfort and photophobia. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy revealed an oval area of deep scleral thinning without uveal prolapse, adjacent to a conjunctival hyperemic zone in the interpalpebral area, 2 mm temporal to the limbus in the right eye. The left eye presented with a conjunctivalized scleral thinning in the interpalpebral area, 2 mm temporal to the limbus. Physical examination revealed facial hyperpigmentation and hypertrichosis and multiple hypopigmented scars in hands and nails. His family history was positive for PCT. The diagnosis was made by urine porphyrin test and genetic molecular testing. In an attempt to reduce ocular and systemic levels of porphyrins, the patient was treated with oral hydroxychloroquine and repeated phlebotomies, altogether with specially designed glasses to avoid local exposure to sunlight. Conclusions: Scleral involvement is a rare manifestation of PCT. An adequate treatment, including interdisciplinary management may ameliorate ocular signs and symptoms.

BACKGROUND: To assess the effect of method of delivery on women's mental health to improve of health status.METHODS: Eleven hundred healthy women who had recently either normal vaginal delivery (NVD) or cesarean section (CS) were studied 6 week after delivery in 2005. The data were collected with using the 36-items short-form (SF-36) questionnaire by interviewing method. SPSS software version 15 was used for statistical analysis.RESULTS: Of 1100 participants, 7 women were missed due to incomplete data. From the rest, 504 (46%) women had normal vaginal delivery and 589 (54%) of them had cesarean section. The mean of age in mothers were 25.5 and 25.9 years old respectively. Mean and standard deviation of mother's mental health score were 62.8±18.6 and 60.4±19.4 in normal delivery and cesarean section group respectively (t=2.1; p<0.05).CONCLUSION: In comparison to mothers with normal vaginal delivery, mothers who had cesarean section had lower mental health status.

Stefan Zweig (1881-1942) is a writer and a convinced humanist who joined trying to fight the vices of society, without resorting to violence. He acknowledges fanaticism and racism as sources of creating hostility among men and the world wars as the signs of the man’s return to barbarism. Through his works he tries to divulge his ideas, but it seems that the apathy 160Plume 16 of his characters in front of the social events pushes them in the margins and they are faced with a bifurcation: shrink from cruel enemy to refrain from violence and enter the war to safeguard their moral ethics at all costs. Zweig’s hero chooses the first, a decision that drove him to seclusion and endangering its human values.To realize his ideal, Zweig publishesBrazil, Land of the future in which it represents a utopian society who owes his happiness to altruism and a people with a large width of spirit. But, gradually, Zweig discovered that achieving his dreams, despite the worsening international situation, is almost impossible. Resigned before the brute force of destiny, Zweig decided to leave this world that has turned all his dreams to a persistent nightmare. French: Le heros de Zweig face a un dilemme: compromis ou conflit Ecrivain et humaniste convaincu, Stefan Zweig (1881-1942) essaie de combattre les vices de la societe, sans recours a la violence. Pour lui, le fanatisme et le racisme sont les sources memes de l’agressivite chez les hommes et les guerres mondiales sont les signes du retour de l’homme a la barbarie. A travers ses oeuvres il essaie de divulguer ses idees, mais l’apathie de ses personnages devant les evenements sociaux les marginalise et ils se trouvent souvent confrontes a un dilemme: reculer devant la cruaute de l’ennemi pour eviter la violence ou entrer en guerre pour sauvegarder leur ethique, quel qu’en soit le prix. Le heros de Zweig choisit de reculer, decision qui le conduit a une retraite absolue et qui met en peril ses valeurs humaines.Pour concretiser son ideal, Zweig publieLe Bresil terre d’avenir dans lequel il represente une societe utopique, qui doit son bonheur a l’altruisme et a un peuple ayant une grande largeur d’esprit. Mais, peu a peu, Zweig decouvre que la realisation de ses reves, en raison de la situation internationale qui s’aggrave, est presque impossible. Resigne devant la force brutale du destin, Zweig decide de quitter ce monde qui a transforme tous ses reves en un cauchemar persistant. key word: Idealisme, Realisme, Fanatisme, Racisme, Bonheur, Amour