Nudge introduces libertarian paternalism approach through empirical evidence on the behavioral biases in decision making and the impact of environment on them. The libertarian paternalism approach, which is called nudge, is any aspect of choice architecturing that changes people’ s behavior in a predictable way without changing any options, hence, retaining individuals’ freedom of choice. Because there is no neutral context, the authors argue that paternalism is inevitable. In such a situation, public policy can nudge people towards making better decisions that are also superior in the future. The authors suggest that experts should be hired to make sensible choices. In addition to problems of adverse selections by experts, the main challenge of libertarian paternalism is unstable preferences and inevitable choice between desirable outcomes in long run over short run. In the light of enormous amounts of attention absorbed by the Nudge that is apparent in several translations in Farsi, this paper tries to review and scrutinize the libertarian paternalism approach.

Background: HAPPINESS is a drive and constructive force of life. A person feels wellbeing under different effective factors. Religious dogmatism that has an influence on the entire world is one of the depreciatory factors of HAPPINESS or wellbeing. The current study decided to analyze the relation between dogmatism and wellbeing, and according to a model, answer the following question: how does religious dogmatism decrease wellbeing.Methods: This study is a correlation research. Population of study includes all people with 30-50 yr old who live in Tehran, Iran, in 2015. Among all, 180 subjects were selected as in access sample. The Oxford HAPPINESS questionnaire and Rokeach dogmatism scale were used. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation test.Results: There is a significant negative correlation between dogmatism and HAPPINESS (α=0.05).Conclusion: Dogmatism is one of the factors that have a negative effect on wellbeing. Religious dogmatism is the most dangerous factor against wellbeing. Dogmatic individuals have an inflexible cognitive system that emerges as a stable personality trait and decreases their adjustment with environment. Affective well-being and cognitive wellbeing are affected by individual adjustment. Therefore, in dogmatic individuals with low adjustment, the decrease of affective well-being and cognitive wellbeing is inevitable. This process will result in decrease of HAPPINESS and increase of aggression.

Since the beginning of human civilization one of the basic needs of human beings in all cultures has been feeling happy, which affects the physical and mental health of community members. Hence, the aim of this study is to examine the state of feeling of HAPPINESS and its relationship with social and cultural capital. The method used in this research is survey and data was gathered using questionnaires. The sample was composed of 384 of citizens of Aran & Bidgol in 2005 and the obtained data was analyzed by the statistical software LISREL and SPSS. The assessment of results showed that the HAPPINESS of the sample was at the moderate to high level (7. 58) and the amount of HAPPINESS in the emotional dimension was at a higher level than cognitive and social dimensions. Also, the average values of social and cultural capital were 66. 3 and 40. 6 respectively. In analytical findings, statistics showed that there is a direct and significant relationship between social (0. 478) and cultural capital (0. 402) and feeling of HAPPINESS; in other words, with an increase in social and cultural capital, there will be a rise in citizens’ feeling of HAPPINESS. Also, the cultural capital indirectly, and by affecting the social capital, leads to an increase in the feeling of HAPPINESS.