Nursing career requires sufficient rules and bases which can support patients, professional and trading rights and excellent performance to achieve its aims properly. Breaching of the above statements, a nurse has committed disciplinary violation and will be reprimanded by law, thus the disciplinary violation will affect the job and administrative status of the nurse. Nurses' disciplinary liability is to do their job honestly and nobly. By describing concepts such as liability, malfeasance, fault, offence of the nurses' disciplinary liability and its homogeneous in England and France laws literature has been defined. Subsequently, the most important issues in nurses' disciplinary liability and its sanctions have been investigated.

The purpose of the present research is to investigate the effect of hardiness training on the adjustment and responsibility taking of I.R.I Police University students. Therefore, cluster sampling is used to select 40 male students randomly who have been divided into two groups (experimental and control groups).The number of every group is 20 students. After experimental and control groups were distinguished, BAL adjustment scale which has 160 questions and Goff responsibility which has 42 questions were used as pre-tests. Then, the experimental group received training for 10 sessions. Finally, 2 scales were reanalyzed by SPSS. The results showed that hardiness training had effects on students’ adjustment and responsibility taking.

Since, fetal reduction is the result of advances in science and medical technology in the field of infertility treatment and had not previously been the case; therefore there is no religious or juridical law for it.Infertility specialists obligation to carry out such medical procedures, follows juridical and legal challenges that weather essentially, the action of the physician has civil, criminal and legal responsibilities or not.Thus, according to the importance and urgency of the issue of fetal reduction and the need to be aware of the rights, duties and responsibilities associated with it, in this paper, we try to investigate issues of three doctor's responsibility, from action to reduce fetal in Iran context.Accordingly, the first, embryo reduction definition, a variety of common methods and approach of the legal system of other countries on this issue is explained and then, the physician responsibilities under of each of the following three responsibilities of civil, criminal and disciplinary, related to the action of fetal reduction is discussed.

Arbitrator is a private judge. He accepts a judicial function by a contract. All legal systems (common and civil Law) have been recognized this contract and the arbitrator’s judicial function. Leave or violation of duties by the arbitrator can be followed by the different sanctions including civil, criminal and disciplinary, but the common law and civil law start from the opposite directions to determine the standard liability of arbitrators. In the common law world, an arbitrator (like judge) benefits a judicial immunity from civil liability. He is not liable for anything he does or omittes in the discharge or purported discharge of that function unless the act or omission is shown to have been in bad faith or his resigning without authorization. But, in the civil law systems, when arbitrators fail to obligations born of contract concluded with parties of the dispute, the arbitrators have civil responsibility like each contractor.

Each legal system studies the liability of a physician from a specific aspect. Some study it from contractual point of view. and others study it as his natural and moral duty. The author of this article is going to study the question of physician"s responsibility in Islamic law and to whether it is contractual or he is divinely responsible to cure the patient; whether he is liable for the damages which happen during the treatment; and whether this question is studied by jurists and applicable to their Views. Although this subject is unprecedented in jurisprudence, one can compare the jurist"s" view on different cases with the ponit of view of scholars of this field.