Many of spatial structures of old Islamic cities, located in Iran, have been changed by foreign imports of urban planning. This is true in Rey city, as well and has been changed its physic and texture. This article is seeking to recognition characteristics of the Islamic city's physical identity (mosques, markets and neighborhoods) in Rey. This paper tries to achieve ordinary model of the elements of Islamic city and to explain their function. Finally, to answer the question whether can recognize the Rey city in term of the physical characteristics of as the Islamic identity? A method to achieve for an appropriate response to this question is descriptive - analytical methods and the required information is collected with documents and field studies methods (including interview). The findings show that Islamic city's Function such as political, religious, administrative center is shown by Rey city in its evolution history. At the present time, it reflects the same functions with a modern face. Research results show that the Islamic city's physical characteristics can be recognized in the Rey city and Rey city has identity of an Islamic city in term of physical elements in Iran and provides the needed functions.

Despite the development and progress in contemporary housing, up till the present time, this issue bestows fundamental problems and weaknesses in the society of contemporary Iran. One of the most significant explanations for this is the disregard of the structures of Iranian residential architecture towards identity in the previous periods, which is somehow attached to the Iranian human identity. Perhaps returning to the basic principles of Iranian housing and recognizing and applying the correct principles of their construction is the main solution to the complications that have plagued contemporary Iranian housing as traditional houses in all historical times and periods have best encountered the needs of their residents and users. Considering that one of the ways to detect the identity of the structures of traditional Iranian housing is to study the identity related elements in their architecture. By using a descriptive-analytical method and through the study of various library and documentary sources along with their content, this research has been able to identify and extract indicators and sub-indicators related to such factors. The results of the research indicate that with the correct knowledge of the elements and characteristics of the identity of the architecture of traditional Iranian houses and their optimal and principled use in contemporary housing, the current complications of users living in such spaces can be raised considerably. Of course, this does not mean that these factors and elements were used in contemporary residential architecture in the same way as in the past, nevertheless, it is compulsory to harmonize them with the innovative residential architecture. Research aims Recognizing the identity of traditional Iranian houses. 2. Familiarity with the physical, cultural and social elements of identity in Iranian households. Research questions: What are the characteristics of traditional Iranian houses? 2. How can the pattern of traditional Iranian houses be applied in the present era?

One of the most important issues and challenges facing developing societies is the physical identity of buildings and urban appearance. Cities are affected by modernity under the influence of modernity, and the concept of urban identity in the process of cognition and perception, presents us with a multidimensional and complex phenomenon. The physical identity of cities has become an influential category in city life. This article follows the hypothesis that the physical identity shaping the contemporary architecture of Tehran emerges from the heart of the subject of the project and the physical identity is the result of the current conditions of society. What are the cities of Tehran? The research method in this research is qualitative survey and applied research and to answer the research question, first the library method to examine the factors affecting the formation of physical identity, then a questionnaire was asked from experts and professors of architecture. . The statistical population is 150 professors of architecture and finally, among the effective factors and has the highest priority in designing spaces with the identity of the physical structure of the spirit of the time, adaptation of form and function and attention to human beings in design, has the most impact.

Introduction and objectives: Most of the nations and countries of the world do not have the same population composition and have ethnic diversity and plurality. Ethnic identity is one of the intermediate identities in the new era, which is beyond individual identity and below national identity. Therefore, this identity has common elements such as; Culture, history, place, language, race, religion, etc. are with national identity. The issue of ethnicity is one of the most complicated issues in various countries, and countries with social and ethnic diversity experience many challenges. Iran is also a multinational society that includes various cultural, linguistic and religious groups. What is extremely important in such societies is the creation and strengthening of national solidarity and at the same time preserving the diversity that can be seen in different fields in ethnic groups.Method: In order to investigate the two mentioned issues, the current research was conducted within the framework of quantitative method and with survey analysis. The statistical population is 299 Turkmen people and 127 Sistani people in different cities of Golestan province. Both ethnic groups are from 9 clans, which were filled in the questionnaires according to population balance. The data were analyzed in two descriptive and inferential levels, which in the descriptive level; frequency distribution and average and at the inferential level; Pearson's correlation coefficient and T-test were used. Also from theories; Modernization, relative deprivation, identity categorization were used as the theoretical framework.Findings: The results show that there are similarities and differences between Turkmens and Sistanis of Golestan province in terms of ethnic identity and national identity. In other words, although the ethnic tendencies among these two peoples are not very strong, they are more than average. But in a comparison, the statistics show that the tendency towards national identity and ethnic identity among the Turkmens of Golestan province was more than the average. On the other hand, in a comparison, there is a significant difference between the tendency towards ethnic identity and national identity, and the average tendency towards ethnic identity among these peoples is more than the tendency towards national identity. Regarding the Sistanis, these statistics show that the tendency towards national identity and ethnic identity among the Sistanis of Golestan province is higher than the average. Moreover, in a comparison, there is a significant difference between the tendency towards ethnic identity and national identity, and the average tendency towards national identity among these ethnic groups is more than the tendency towards ethnic identity. In general, the results show the relative weakness of understanding the dimensions of history among these peoples, which reveals the lack of education in the relevant fields for these peoples. At the same time, the structural limitations in the introduction and retelling of the identity and dominance of the macro culture have led the ethnic groups (especially the small population ethnic groups) to a reluctance and neglect to preserve and introduce their ethnic history, which is somehow caused by ethnic isolation.Conclusion: Therefore, in the light of cognitive, emotional and value elements, and in order to preserve ethnic diversity, ethnic re-reading should be done for these ethnic groups. On the other hand, deprivations and social gaps in the light of ethnic attitudes can provoke ethnic conflicts and tensions, which is also important with the fair establishment of social rights, not only a barrier to the feeling of discrimination and dissatisfaction and ethnic tensions arising from it. rather, it strengthened the ethnic harmony in Iran's macro-society.

Historical context of cities reflects the civil character, culture and urban interactions. In these contexts, in addition to the physical, is answered to create an atmosphere in accordance with the function and performance. Moreover, the notions of “body” and function are raised as effective components in interventions of historical contexts. Therefore, under standing these components are important both towards intervening in historical contexts and towards extending its notions to other sectors, by looking at the historical context, it is obvious that forming and their life in historical continuity, cultural, social, environmental has been explicit as coherent and coordinated. Residents of these contexts have received their identity through social interactions and participation in creating these permanent atmospheres. The impact of such permanent places is in forming of individual and social and cultural identity. This paper evaluates effective components such as social interactions, activities, interests in social links of individuals with the old context and is in order to physical and architecture respond to them. In this study, by research method of descriptive, analytical and library studies and the theory of social links and its main components, is tried to investigate the physical concepts in historical contexts, to investigate the concepts such as participation, attachment, commitment, belief and the sociological positioning, in terms of physical and understanding the features of social links and the need for its physical restoration in historical contexts. So as, leads to the separation of the components of physical and the activity that is effective in the links between people and old context.