UCT JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SCIENCE ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Year:2013 | Volume:1 | Issue:1|Papers Count:5

Calcium phosphate ceramics are rapidly degraded faster than the rate of tissue formation, which makes no Scaffolding enough strength and makes it unsuitable for applications that are bearing the load. Therefore Bio-Ceramic a new generation of ceramics, with calcium silicate (Ca-Si) attention attracted to. One way to improve the biochemical properties of these metal ions into their structure is Bio-Ceramic Add. Nowadays, along with approaching the normal structure of bones and making use of the properties of nanotechnology researchers to build nano-composite scaffolds were driven.

Exploration of groundwater resources requires recognition of regions and their potential sources. Because of high importance in the karstic regions and their significant role in providing needed water, efforts to explore new sources of Karst, is inevitable. Checking discontinuities is always an important issue in karst studies. Because of high discontinuities in rock masses, permeable areas will be created, they cause appropriate groundwater paths to flow. Recognition of these regions is possible through geophysical methods based on physical characteristics of these areas such as density or resistivity. Using geophysical methods in water and geotechnical methods has less history to oil field investigations and mining exploration, but has been accelerated in recent years. In this research we have tried to investigate the usage of various geophysical methods, such as how to detect and identify underground water using these methods. We can noted of  geophysical applied methods for groundwater potentiometric such as geoelectric methods, ground penetrating radar, electromagnetic, gravitometry, magnetic and seismic surveys.

The devastating earthquake that occurred in Khorasan Shomali Province, Iran, on the 12th May 2008, caused widespread damage and devastation to rural communities and economy. The terrain of the entire region has been weakened and is now highly susceptible to long-term slope instability that will trouble this region for many years to come. However, the actual intensity caused by the earthquake ranged between VIII and XI. The seismic intensity map is practical for regional guidance but lacks the detail to provide an adequate representation of the true damage level, in terms of current status and future potential in such a seismically active and populated region, especially when the hazards and risks are likely to be multiple and cascading in high relief areas. This paper presents a GIS based approach to earthquake damage zone modeling using satellite remote sensing and DEM data. The novelty is to take into account the coseismic ground deformation as an important modulating factor in modeling the susceptibility of earthquake related geohazards, together with conventional multi-criteria factors which draw on geological and topographical variables such as rock competence, slope, proximity to drainage, and fracture density. The modulating effect of the earthquake greatly enhances the susceptibility in the areas where the majority of the ensuing landslides and debris-flows actually took place. When this susceptibility model is further modulated by the mapped surface disruption caused by the earthquake, it is directly linked to seismic intensity and we call it “earthquake damage”. The output earthquake damage map represents both the current damage status as well as the future damage (hazard) potential.

To study this, a research was conducted in greenhouse in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The first factor included stress levels and the second factor included genotypes. To apply Drought stress metanol was used. Seeds were planted in plastic pots in greenhouse conditions and plants irrigation was done by Hoagland nutrient solution. The proline and chlorophyll of shoots were measured by the end of growth stage. Results suggested that genotype No. 4 with a mean of 19.25 had the highest rate of chlorophyll and genotype No. 1 with mean of 13.25 had the lowest chlorophyll rate. Also, genotype No. 3 with a mean of 5.86 had the highest proline rate. Results indicated that Drought stress application could decrease chlorophyll rate while it increases proline rate. Decrease in plant chlorophyll decreases the photosynthetic activity. Increase in proline along with increase in Drought level specifies the osmotic balance maintenance in low water potential. Results generally showed that increase in proline production as an osmotic regulatory mechanism in high Drought levels which decreases the seedling growth.

The aim of this study is to study effect of particular heat treatment on performance of 304 Stainless steel alloy which is one of the most applicable grades of austenitic stainless steel used widely in storage tank to chemical transportation. Although this alloy has suitable properties for engineering uses, its poor resistance to intergranular corrosion restricted its use in industries. Meanwhile, this problem lead to reduction in the average working hours in equipment in which 304 alloy is used. To remedy this problem, there are many different methods has been introduced in the recent decades. However, finding a method which increase corrosion resistance of alloy without any collapse in other alloy’s properties still a challenge. In this study, different heat treatment cycles on the 304 alloy were applied and then the corrosion rate was measured. Furthermore, mechanical tests were carried out to find out which cycle resulted in optimum properties. The results illustrated that reducing carbide participate led to better mechanical properties as well as corrosion resistance.