CORROSION cast study is one of the procedures for studying the structure of the blood vessels in a particular tissue or organ. In the present study, the circulatory system of Silver Carp was studied by using four different methods of resin injection. 12 fish with a weight range of 850 -1000 g were obtained from a commercial fish farm. The Fish were anesthetized using a solution of 5% benzocain in 96% ethanol and injected intraperitoneally with heparin (4000 IU/kg). After 40 min, the fish were killed using an overdose of the benzocain solution, and then, fluid artificial resin made on the basis of methylmetacrylate was injected through the caudal artery, bulbus arteriosus, and dorsal and ventral aortas. The Fish were submerged for 24-48 hours in a bath water at room temperature until the polymerization and hardening of methylmetacrylate. Then, they were placed in a 25% KOH solution for 24-48 hours to obtain a maceration of the organic tissue. In this study, various parts of the heart and its vessels, gill vessels, gastric vein, portal vein, hepatic vein, dorsal aorta and its branches, renal and caudal arteries and related smaller vessels were also determined. Overall, it seems that the injection of resin via bulbus arteriosus of the heart was the best and most effective method for the CORROSION cast study of the circulatory system in Silver Carp.

Background and Objective: Scaling and CORROSION are factors that cause loss of drinking water quality. They create problems for public health, reduce water quality, and decrease useful life of plumbing equipment. Therefore, their control substantially influences public health and water quality. Consequently, the present research intended to study CORROSION or scaling indices of groundwater resources in Ghorveh County in Kurdistan Province using the Monte Carlo statistical method in order to reduce uncertainty and increase accuracy in estimating the values of the indices.Materials and Methods: Sixty four samples from 16 wells supplying water for Ghorveh County were taken during a 12- month period in 2012-2013 in order to study the qualitative characteristics of water and identify the CORROSION and scaling potential of the water in the region using the Langelier, Ryznar, Larson-Skold, and Puckorius indices.Results: The mean values for the Langelier, Ryznar, Puckorius, and Larson-Skold indices were 0.5449±0.015, 6.8878±0.017, 7.3754±0.0078, and 0.0919±0.0390, respectively. Moreover, the estimated probabilities for the occurrence of CORROSION and scaling phenomena were 6.59% and 47.57% for the Langelier index, less than 11.77% and 54.33% for the Ryznar index, less than 17.47% and 36.33% for the Puckorius index, and 0.15% and 99.74% for the Larson-Skold index.Conclusions All of the studied indices yielded identical results for the water status: they indicated a relatively high scaling potential of the water in the region. Based on Pearson’s test, the most important factors influencing the values of the studied indices were pH and concentration of calcium ions.

Galvanic CORROSION is an ever-present problem in all different environments, particularly in tanks. The goal of this project is to develop a finite element model that can be used with experimental data to characterize the CORROSION of a galvanic weldments couple in an electrolyte. In this study sample are welded by gas tungsten arc welding and friction stir welding. According to ASTM G8, Evaluation of CORROSION properties examined with cyclic polarization test in 0. 5 molar H2SO4 andthe information required to validate the model was prepared. The finite element model is developed using COMSOL and Math Module through derivation of equations describing CORROSION thermodynamics and electrochemical kinetics. The results showed that reducing in heat input to improve galvanic CORROSION behavior in the weld sample. In addition to result of simulation reveal sample that welded by gas tungsten arc method had higher current density galvanic CORROSION in comparison with friction stir sample.

Introduction: CORROSION is a physical and chemical reaction occurring between a substance and its surrounding environment leading to the change in the substance properties. Nowadays, CORROSION has become one of the biggest issues in water quality control and can financially damage the water pipes and other water transmission and distribution installations. In addition, the penetration of heavy metal into water as a result of CORROSION can be a threat to the consumers’ health conditions. Because of such negative health effects, regular chemical quality control of water seems mandatory.Objective: To investigate the CORROSION or precipitation potentials of drinking water in Anzali, which is supplied by Guilan water treatment plant and deep water wells.Materials and Methods: To do so, parameters including pH, temperature, calcium hardness, alkalinity and Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) were measured and based on their values, four indices including Langelier Saturation Index, Ryzner Saturation Index, Aggressive index and Pokurious index were determined.Results: As revealed, the average values for Langelier Saturation, Ryzner Saturation, Aggressive and Pokurious indices were respectively (-0.89), (9.29), (12.4) and (8.82).Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that Anzali water resources have CORROSION potential and are corrosive and thus can threaten the consumers’ health status in the long term.

Subsea structures such as manifolds, line pipes and flow lines are important investments. Also because of the sensitivity of environmental issues, CORROSION of these structures is of vital importance. Subsea CORROSION management is different from on-shore and shallow water off-shore CORROSION management in mainly three factors: materials, CORROSION management practice and cathodic protection. There are important limitations in many aspects of these three factors that make them different from their “counterparts” in other industries.In this paper, some of these differences especially with regards to CORROSION prediction softwares and associated design strategies are addressed and discussed.

In the dairy industry mild steel is used as the construction material for the effluent treatment plants, pipelines, reinforcement in concrete structures etc. The steel exposed to the dairy effluent faces CORROSION due to the microbes. In the present study the role of microbes in dairy effluent on the CORROSION of mild steel has been investigated. Pseudomonas sp., Streptococcus sp., Micrococcus sp., Bacillus sp., Neisseria sp. and Lactobacillus sp. were identified in dairy effluent. CORROSION rate has been estimated by weight loss measurements and polarization technique. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) studies were found helpful in investigating the chemical pathway leading to the formation of CORROSION products on the mild steel during fermentation. Initiation of pitting CORROSION was noticed on steel specimens by scanning electron microscope (SEM). A mechanism has been proposed for microbiologically influenced CORROSION in dairy effluent.