Background: Short-stem prosthesis for total hip arthroplasty (THA) have been designed to overcome the weakness of standard-stem prostheses and improve surgical outcomes. The aim of this study was to compare short-stem with standard-stem prosthesis outcomes.Methods: This study was performed as a randomized clinical trial. Subjects were selected among patients referred to Sina University Hospital, Tehran, Iran from April 2010 to 2012. THA were performed with short-stem or standard-stem prostheses after obtaining written informed consent from patients. Balanced block randomization method was used to get a random sample in each group. Clinical outcomes were evaluated based on Harris Hip Score (HHS). Patients were followed up for at least one year. All patients were examined at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and one year after surgery. In each visit, Control X-ray was obtained and bone and prosthetic position were assessed. Also, the symptoms such as infection, pain, claudication, ability to climb stairs, using crutches and weight bearing were rechecked. Student t-test was used to compare outcomes in the two groups.Results: A total of eighty four THA were studied. 13 patients were lost to follow-up or had infection and failure. One patient died with the prosthesis in situ from causes not related to the surgery. Therefore, a total of 70 patients were analyzed. Of these, 34 and 36 hips underwent small stem and standard stem THA, respectively. The mean age of the patients at the time of operation was 61.1±8.68 years (range, 48-86 years). Most common reasons for arthroplasty were osteoarthritis, avascular necrosis and dysplasia of hip. There were significant differences between the two study groups in bleeding during surgery (P=0.001). There were no significant differences among the study groups in HHS except for 6th week and 3th month (P=0.000).Conclusion: The use of short-stem prosthesis can improve the performance of patients in short-term but no significant difference with standard-stem prosthesis in long- term.

Background and Aim: Millions of teeth are saved each year by root canal therapy. Although current treatment modalities offer high levels of success for many condition, an ideal form of therapy might consist of regenerative approach in which a biologically based procedures designed to replace damaged structures, including dentin, root structure and pulp-dentin complex. The aim of this study was to collect information about the stem cell and their role in new regeneration therapies in endodontics. Literature review: Data was collected by searching Pubmed and Cochrane data bases using key words such as stem cell, regenerative endodontics, pulp revascularization and tissue engineering. Selected reference text books were searched using the same search strategy. The search results was categorized according to methodological strength; they also selected only if qualified for our inclusion criteria. Although regenerative endodontic procedures are much more effective in regeneration of pulp-like tissue, (pulp-dentin complex), but despite these applications and considerable evolution of certain medical procedures of tissue regeneration, there has not been significant translation of any these therapies into clinical endodontic practice. Conclusion: More studies are required to overcome technical and clinical limitation of pulp and dentin tissue regeneration both to result in pulp-dentin tissue regeneration, and to form the functional structure of the tooth from stem cells.

Water Water deficit especially after heading is one of the most effective factors of wheat yield loss in Iran and across the world and identifying the physiological traits related to plant resilience is of great importance in screening for tolerant varieties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the variation in stem reserves accumulation capacity and its relationship with remobilization in some wheat cultivars. 22 wheat cultivars were cultivated in a split plot design with three replications, full irrigation and 40% of field capacity being main plots. The amount of accumulation and remobilization was estimated by measuring internodes weight and stem soluble carbohydrates content (WSC). Significant genotypic variation among cultivars was observed under both normal and drought conditions. Maximum accumulation was found in lower internodes followed by peduncle and penultimate using dry weight measurement method. In WSC measurement method, however, maximum accumulation was observed in penultimate followed by lower internodes and peduncle. Cultivars ranking based on accumulation was also different in two methods. Drought stress caused decline in internodes weight, WSC and yield and remobilization efficiency. The specific stem weight had the highest correlation with remobilization. Significant correlation was found between grain yield and remobilization, specific stem weight and WSC.

The purpose of the current research is to design content for teaching electrochemistry concepts with a technological view of batteries for undergraduate chemistry students. In this research, the integration of green chemistry with stem (Science, Mathematics, Engineering and Technology) approach is used. The current research is of applied-descriptive type. The researcher first collects information and library studies, and then by examining textbooks related to the research topic such as chemistry and various science books, he has examined the prerequisites for designing the desired content of universities. In order to design educational content and teach practical activities in the field of batteries, determine chapters for the content. Then, with the survey of the students, modifications were made in the content. The content was provided to four expert professors for re-review. The integration of green chemistry with the stem approach and its implementation in the content design of academic books was approved by the professors. After determining the designated chapters, set goals for each topic. Content design was done based on the set goals. The result of this research can be used in designing the content of chemistry books based on an interdisciplinary approach in line with the goals of green chemistry for students.

Entropy gives meaning to energy, but they have always created misconceptions among students, or that learners who had difficulty. Therefore, designing educational content to better learn the concept of entropy and its applications based on the stem approach and concept map will be an important step for students to learn and acquire skills in the long run. The method of the present study is descriptive-analytical which has been done using the content analysis technique. The statistical sample used is a collection of books, articles, journals, and dissertations related to entropy that were selected and analyzed until the theoretical saturation of the data. By reviewing the literature on how to design entropy educational content, with the guidance of experts in this field, during several round-trip stages of axial coding, topics were determined and then based on the topics assigned, goals for each subject in the content goal table was written. In the present project, learners can perform experiments, practical activities, and knowledge building with new teaching methods and approaches. The stem approach and concept map are two of the new teaching methods and approaches. Their use in teaching and designing an educational content helps students learn in a long-term and meaningful way, and also leads to exploration and skills acquisition in learners.

In today's society, metals are considered as one of the basic human needs so that life without metals will be very difficult and impossible. The rust formation on iron, silver staining and blue green patina on copper are examples of corrosion. Corrosion leads to the loss of metal equipment and structures, as well as the high waste of energy resources and materials. Therefore, metals should be protected against corrosion damage. In order to prevent possible corrosion damage to metal equipment, it is important to focus on training experts in this field. Training professionals and efficient people in this field will occur in the shadow of proper and principled education. In this study, we design educational content in the field of corrosion and corrosion protection with stem approach for undergraduate chemistry students, during which the learner performs experiments and knowledge construction by constructing his own hypothesis. The present study is an applied research. The required information for this research has been collected through library studies. In the design of the content, the concepts of corrosion and the factors affecting it, the types of corrosion as well as a variety of corrosion protection methods, including techniques and materials, have been discussed using laboratory activities. It is expected that this research will be useful in improving cognitive concepts learning, improving attitudes, and training experts for entering society as well as labor market.

The aim of this study was to design a stem project-based curriculum model in primary school based on synthesis method. The statistical population included all valid scientific researches related to the subject that by regular searches in databases and based on inclusion and exclusion criteria 67 researches were selected for final review. A researcher-designed worksheet form was used to collect, record and report the initial research data. Findings were analyzed using Hurd (1983) seven-step model and open and axial coding method. To confirm the reliability, the Cohen's kappa coefficient formula was used, which was 79% of the agreement between the evaluators. Research findings show that the stem project-based curriculum is a student-centered curriculum that defines a completely different role from the traditional curriculum elements in all curriculum elements.