Introduction: Couples' personality traits play a key role in marital interactions. In cases where men haveavoidant personality, due to their effective roles in marital and family relationships, cold and soullessinteractions are established in the family. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristicsof avoidant men related to marital interactions from couple and family specialists' view. Method: This was a qualitative study using content analysis approach. Eight family specialists werechosen through purposive sampling method. Then, the data were gathered through semi-structuredinterviews up to data saturation. After that, data were analyzed through thematic analysis. Results: Two categories of "self-defeating” and “ other-defeating" characteristics were achieved afteranalyzing the data. The subcategories of self-defeating were "marital burnout” , “ withdrawal” , “ poor selfconcept” , “ social phobia” , and “ ambivalence". The subcategories of other-defeating were "compulsiveperfectionism” , “ maladaptive self-centeredness” , “ emotionally cold homes” , “ change aversion” , “ sociableappearance” , “ sexual passivity” , “ passive-aggressive” , “ niggardliness” , and “ talking inactivity” . Conclusion: The "self-defeating” and “ other-defeating” characteristics of avoidant individuals lead themand their spouses' to burn out. This results to cold and unfriendly interactions, and the reduction of maritalquality. Therefore, identifying these characteristics will lead to identifying new solutions to modify thesetraits, and to improve marital interactions and quality.

Interactional pathologies between couples are those factors that cause conflict and discord between men and women and reduce their marital satisfaction and compatibility. The purpose of this study was constructing and finding the reliability and validity of the Questionnaire of Interactional Pathologies among men with the symptoms of avoidant personality. Therefore, after reviewing the relevant literature and implementing 14 semi- structured interviews, in a qualitative form, issues related to the construction of the questionnaire was revealed and the questionnaire was developed based on them. Then 200 people were selected purposefully among the married men who had referred to counseling centers and the questionnaire was administered on them. To determine the reliability of the questionnaire Cronbach's alpha, and to determine the validity of the questionnaire Marital Conflicts and Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaires were used. The findings were analyzed using the SPSS software through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The analysis showed that Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total test was 0.96, its convergent validity with Marital Conflict Questionnaire was 0.78 and its divergent validity coefficient with Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire was 0.85. So, it was concluded that the researcher-made questionnaire has acceptable reliability and validity and it can diagnose the interactional pathology of avoidant men in clinical researches and couple therapies. Designing a questionnaire to identify people with avoidant personality, based on Iranian native culture, is the value of this research.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of identity fragility in the relationship between implicit shame and avoidant interpersonal style among young adults in Vietnam. Methods and Materials: The research employed a descriptive correlational design with a sample of 424 university students from Vietnam, selected using the Morgan and Krejcie sampling table. Data were collected through standard tools: the Implicit Association Test for Shame (IAT-Shame), the Self-Concept Clarity Scale (SCCS) to assess identity fragility, and the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ) for measuring avoidant interpersonal style. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analyses were performed using SPSS-27 to examine bivariate relationships. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was then conducted in AMOS-21 to test the proposed mediation model, and model fit was evaluated using a range of fit indices. Findings: The results of Pearson correlation showed significant positive relationships between implicit shame and identity fragility (r =. 47, p <. 001), implicit shame and avoidant interpersonal style (r =. 39, p <. 001), and identity fragility and avoidant interpersonal style (r =. 52, p <. 001). The structural equation model showed good fit (χ² = 132. 48, df = 74, χ²/df = 1. 79, RMSEA = 0. 043, CFI = 0. 97). Path analysis revealed that implicit shame had a significant direct effect on identity fragility (β =. 47, p <. 001) and on avoidant interpersonal style (β =. 19, p =. 004). The indirect effect of implicit shame on avoidant interpersonal style through identity fragility was also significant (β =. 21, p <. 001), confirming the mediating role. Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of implicit shame and unstable identity structures in shaping avoidant relational behaviors, emphasizing the need for psychological interventions that address unconscious emotional vulnerabilities and promote identity coherence.