This paper review the factors related to patterns of cultural consumption among 532 Women while consideration of structure of women’ taste in Qom province, by Katz-Gerro & Sullivan’ voraciousness approach. Results showed that in terms of components of consumption pattern (in that, diversity and frequency), women in Qom province can be categorized in two group. In terms of diversity of cultural activity, women of this province are univorous and participate in low-brow culture in that in 1 to 3 cultural activities. In terms of diversity of cultural frequency, women of this province are ostravorous and frequency of their cultural activity is zero. In addition, the most important determinants of both diversity and frequency of women’ cultural activity in this province were economic capital, human capital, age, marital situation and employment situation. Results implied that most women in Qom province didn’t arrived to degree of middle-brow consumer (popular) and higher stage, voracious consumer, and pattern of their cultural consumption is limited to ostravorous and univorous, in that low-brow culture.

Feeding regime of comb-jelly, Mnemiopsis leidyi, in the Caspian sea was investigated by analysing the stomach contents of about a thousand specimens collected from cities of Fereidoun-kenar, Noushahr and Noor during spring, summer and autumn. The study of feed particles in the stomachs of the juvenile and adult specimens from all the sampling stations at all seasons revealed the presence of mainly Calanoida and Acartia. Copepods and fish seeds followed next in volume; vegetal particles constituted the least volume. Over 80% of the stomachs of the sampled specimens was found to be full indicating that comb-jelly is voracious.

This study was conducted to determine the feeding habits of Mudskipper Scartelaos tenuis. One hundred and eighty one specimens were collected in the northern part of Persian Gulf in Bushehr province during spring 2007 to winter 2008. Specimens caught by hand and dip net. Specimens fixed in 10% formalin and transferred to laboratory. Stomach contents were analyzed, possibility and frequency of prey were calculated with standard methods. Results showed that in S. tenuis copepods with IP index of 69.18% was the dominant and specific food item. There was no seasonal variation in food items. Stomach emptiness was the highest (32%) in winter and lowest (10%) in autumn. The RLG index was 1.4 that indicated the fish was omnivorous. Totally Stomach emptiness index was 20% that suggested the fish being a voracious feeder.

Certain species of Hermetia illucens, also known as the Black Soldier Fly (BSF), were found in a compost plant in Roorkee located in Northern India. Its larvae are voracious eaters of organic waste, hence can play an ecologically-important role in solid waste management. Morphological analysis of various stages of BSF life cycle by SEM showed that its body along with its wings is densely covered with hair. The identified species of BSF were black in color and oviposited into the composted material. The larvae grew up to 30 mm long in 12 days from an initial length of only 6mm, gaining almost 200% of its initial weight after voraciously feeding on organic waste. The mouth of theH. illucens showed a well-developed mandibular-maxillary complex that had similar characteristics of scavengers, making the insect a suitable candidate for organic waste consumption.

The diet of the Scaly Whipray, Himantura Walga, in Persian Gulf coasts, Hormozgan Province was investigated through stomach content analysis. Two major and two minor prey groups were identified. The diet of H. Walga was dominated by crustaceans. The Index of food preference indicated that shrimps and crabs were the most important prey groups consumed, representing 79.35% and 51.09% of the diet respectively. Sea urchin (17.39%) and small zoobenthos (7.84%) were minor dietary components. Analysis of stomach contents for H. Walga revealed that diet did not vary with season. This stingray is a carnivorous fish based on intestine relative length index and stomach contents. Analysis of seasonal variation in the stomach fullness indicated that feeding intensity fluctuated throughout the year, with the highest value in spring. Vacuity index indicated this species was of voracious appetite fishes. Meanwhile, the feeding intensity increased with increasing in size.

Indian Mackerel (Rastrelliger Kanagurta) belongs Scombridae family with high economic value exists in south of Iran. In 2011, A studing did on R. Kanagurata feeding from October 2011 to February 2011 during 6 months in district of coastal waters of Bandar Abbas city. 181 fish investigated as variations range of stomach items in different length groups, vacuity index (CV), stomach fullness index (FI), food preference (FP), gastro somatic index (GSI) And the percent of items observed. The length variations range of R. Kanagurata was between 175 to 285 mm. This fish with a mean relative length of gut (RLG) (1.906±0.272) is zooplankters and the changes of vacuity index is showing voracious this fish. Copepods are preference food with 91.10 percent in stomach contents and Mollusks are second food with 20.9 percent. The gastro somatic index, condition factor and stomach fullness index calculated as monthly and the  Highest amount observed during period studying (0.58) in January, (1121) November (100) Respectively.

This study aimed at investigating the nutrition and habitat of Periophthalmus waltoni in Bandar Abbas coast wherein 360 samples of Periophthalmus waltoni were caught manually in a 6 month period. Stomach contents revealed that this fish is carnivorous and has a variety of diets. But crustaceans (female Vegan Crab) are the main food of this species. The results of monthly changes of stomach fullness index showed that the changes in different months were diverse and hence the history of stomach fullness index was achieved in October. The stomach emptiness index showed that this species is a voracious fish. The optimum range of temperature factors, PH, dissolved oxygen and salinity in the waters of the Bandar Abbas coastline were as follows for P. waltoni: water temperature(11-35 degrees of centigrade), PH (7. 75-8. 79), dissolved oxygen in water (4. 2-6. 5 Mg / l), salinity (37-42 parts in a thousand). Depending on the type of granulation of sediments and the use of the soil texture triangle, it was found that the habitat of P. waltoni is muddy.

Threadfin bream (Nemipterus japonicus) is one of the most important commercial fishes in the Persian Gulf. Speciments were collected from commercial catches from November 2005 to Agust 2006. A totally 473 individual were studied, diet results showed that britle stars were dominant diet with 31%, other food component were small crabs 19%, digested fishes 19%, Echura and Sipuncula 15%, Squila sp. 12%, Shrimps 3% and anchovies 1%. The food items in <14 cm length class Britle stars 50%, in 20-15cm length class small crab 24.6%, in 21-26 cm digested fishes 18.5%, and >26 cm length class Britle stars 50% were dominat. The vacuity index was estimated 53%, that showed this species was mediat-voracious appetite fishes. Britle stars were the major food perfect with 45%, small crabs 37%, Echiura 33%, Squila sp. 28% and others were less than 10 percent. Results on seasonal food items frequecy showed that Small crabs 38.5%, Britle stars 45.3% and 44.6% were more frequent items in summer, autumn and winter respectivly.

Big-scale sand smelt is one of the fishes with high ecological value, which consume by fishes such as sturgeon in the Caspian Sea. In this study, 191 samples of Big-scale sand smelt from southeast coast of the Caspian Sea were collected seasonally from December 2013 to September 2014. In the present study, food items and the relative index of gastrointestinal (RLG), stomach emptiness index (VI) and feeding intensity (IF) were determined. The fork length, weight and age (mean±SD) were 7.70±1.09 cm, 3.64±1.49 g and 2.00±0.81 year, respectively. This fish with a relative gastrointestinal tract length of 0.46±0.06 (mean±Standard Deviation) can be considered as a carnivorous fish. The average of empty stomach was 45% showing big-scale sand smelt is a relatively voracious feeder. The average intensity of feeding (mean±Standard Deviation) 535±221.21, as a moderate level for this fish in the region. Gammarus (benthos) and Daphnia (zooplankton) were the favored food for this fish. This study also showed opportunistic hunting activities of this fish.

Maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars grown in Egypt are not only numerous, but also show a wide diversity of exposure to stored grain pests causing damages that may threaten food security. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the level of susceptibility of maize cultivars to infection by Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky), a voracious insect pest of stored maize. Likewise, to evaluate the efficacy of black pepper, Piper nigrum L. powder as an insecticide against this pest to protect stored maize. The susceptibility index values ​​showed that cultivars THW-310 and THY-352 were more susceptible to infection by S. zeamais, and the levels of some amino acids were higher than cultivars SHY-162 and SHW-10, which showed relatively low infection. In all maize cultivars, application of P. nigrum powder reduced the severity of S. zeamais infestation, significantly improved seedling growth, and % germination after six months of maize storage, compared to the untreated samples. The promising P. nigrum powder could be recommended for use as a part of an integrated pest management program in stored maize, particularly for a long storage periods.