Extended Abstract1. IntroductionThe problems originated from the development and spatial expansion of cities and decision-making policies based on traditional approaches has caused many other challenges. The problems not only have deprived the areas potential for the development of having equal rights, but have also led to the destruction of heritage spaces of various cities. The Transfer of Development Rights (TDR) approach provides the ground for legal, socio-economic, and other mechanisms for transferring development rights to other parts of cities. Relying on TDR approach, this study tried to apply this concept of “transfer of development right” to the development of urban spaces in Zanjan. Zanjan has experienced the same challenges and the development trend of this city shows that “the development right” in some neighborhoods is beyond the approved plans. The ending result seems to be making the ground for discrepancies rent-seeking grounds. Accordingly, there seems to be not any solution but to take novel approaches, like the Transfer of Development Rights approach that respects property rights. According to this approach, efforts are made to preserve the valuable lands that are reserved for the development, and to observe the rights pertaining to the areas that have the potential of development but are prone to huge constructions when the cities develop.2. MethodThis applied and developmental study used a descriptive-analytical method. The study tried to identify the areas suitable for the implementation of the Transfer of Development Rights approach in Zanjan city and at the same time consider the factors that influence the implementation, relying on multi-criteria decision-making models. The prioritization of the criteria of implementing the decision-making models was done by experts of urban planning and the elites who are familiar with the features of Zanjan. The size of sample were determined using Delphi method. Twenty questionnaires were completed by university professors, experts of urban planning in the municipality of the city, and PhD students of urban planning. The model was applied using Excel software. Geographic Information System (GIS) was also used for preparing thematic maps.3. ResultsSeveral studies have investigated the subject matter of this research taking a protective approach to agricultural lands. Moreover, many studies explored its use in urban spaces and ranking using multi-criteria decision-making models. Therefore, the selected criteria for this study were taken from the findings of previous studies. The development areas of Zanjan were divided into two main categories in the final map. The first category entails the lands with special value, respectively having agricultural, historical and architectural values, as well as valuable natural resources or having excellent views. These are located in the center and south of Zanjan. The second category entails unsettled lands such as barracks and work spaces (ignored in our analyses due to lack of settlement) and inefficient textures on the skirt of the city, such as Eslamabad, Bisim, Trans, Trans, Kouye Fatemieh, Kouye Sayan, and Mahdiyeh. The areas that recorded a higher rank of desirability of development were those areas embracing Golshahr neighborhoods (Phases 1 to 8), Karmandan, Kouye Farhang and Kouchmeshki, due to appropriate average size, people’s tendency to reside in, tendency to construction, suitability in terms of matching with criteria of high-rank documents, proximity to local and regional services and commercial centers, proximity to grade 1 and 2 urban allies, regular pieces and checkerboard passages. The significant issue from the perspective of social justice and the power of transferring development rights is that for making the decisions, such issues like investment, development regulations, and the tendencies have been towards Karmandan and Kouchmeshki neighborhoods. The consequence is that social justice is not observed because of environmental and spatial features in the transfer of development rights.4. Discussion and ConclusionThe application of “the transfer of development rights” in the framework of urban development plans is considered a new method that will yield more successful implementation of these plans in Iran. This may be fulfilled through making an internal connection between development tools and goals. Relying on the results of various studies and experiences at the national and international level, this study showed that transfer of development rights projects necessitates urban and legal infrastructure for appropriate implementation. The success of the implementation of these plans is highly dependent on the correct identification of sending and target areas and the generation of effective connection between the areas in question. The results showed that forecast of the development of this city in future based on zoning regulations is different from the existing situation. The sending development areas are in the center and south of this city. One can jump to the conclusion that implementing the development right transfer project necessitates first of all to specify executive organizations in the city’s administration and then to integrating them into urban development plans using a social equality approach. Taking into account the existing policies, the following solutions are suggested for more successful implementation of the development right transfer project:A) Applying the potentials of such neighborhoods as Kouye Farhang, Azadegan, Rajaee Shahr, Foroudgah, Mosalla, considering the dimensions of the pieces, high-rise construction policies, and providing facilities;B) Revising the zoning pertaining to the flour limitation, especially in such prone neighborhoods of Zanjan as Kouye Farhang, Azadegan, and Rajaee Shahr;C) Preventing the disrespect of the rights of areas embracing Bazar, and Hosseinieh and Dabaghler neighborhoods;D) Transferring administrative uses to the neighborhoods having the potential of transferring development rights (such as Khouye Farhang, Rajaee Shahr) in order for managers and employees observe the condition of these neighborhoods;E) Making exempt of tolls and using more lands for constructions, especially in central areas of the city, such as Hosseinieh, Dabaghler, and Bazar Paein;F) Facilitating the access of less desirable areas to the local and regional services and commercial centers in Kouye Farhang, Azadegan, Rajaee Shahr, Foroudgah, and Mosalla neighborhoods. 

Soil moisture measuring is vital for irrigation management and scheduling. However gravimetric method is very time consuming and destructive. In recent years, TDR (Time domain Reflectometry) techniques have been used for measuring soil moisture in short periods of time. Some TDR instruments have portable sensors, which move up and down in the access tubes installed in the soil. Therefore, it is possible to monitor soil moisture content at various depths and locations. The access tubes available by the company marketing TDR instrument is called TECHNAT and is made of special material. These tubes are expensive which limit the possibility of monitoring soil moisture at various locations with a single instrument. As a result replacing TECHNAT tubes with tubes, which are manufactured locally but not from the same material. TECHNAT tubes along with PVC access tubes were installed in two different farms. TRIME TDR was used to measure soil moisture by PVC and TECHANAT access tubes. At the same time, soil moisture was measured gravimetrically from undisturbed samples. Result of comparison between TDR readings in TECHANA T and PVC access tubes using gravimetric method indicates that both tubes can be employed with almost the same accuracy.

Due to the expansion and application of technology in soil and rock mechanics, engineering geology and geotechnics, it is possible to use newer, faster and cheaper methods in these fields every day. TDR technology is one of these methods. This technology has been developed by the telecommunication and electricity industry to determine the location of cable faults. The radar is a prime example of the TDR. The basis of this technology is the sending of a short pulse of energy (electromagnetic pulse) that is reflected in the collision with some anomalies. The point location of these anomalies can be determined if the velocity and direction of the pulse can be determined. The electromagnetic pulse reaches the waveguide through the conductor cable and enters the test environment. In this research, this method was used to determine the groundwater level in the Darian dam. The TDR has the ability to detect the air-water interface, and the reported results are consistent with the measured data using traditional methods. Also in one of the situations that are prone to slide, coaxial cable was installed as TDR sensor. The results showed that the TDR recognizes the shearing and stretching zones in the cable as the result of the ground movement successfully. Finally, since manual processing of TDR data was very difficult and requires high accuracy and time, a method for computer processing of this data was provided by the authors.

The knowledge of water balance and soil moisture variations is one of the important problems in water harvesting issues. At the present, there are different methods available for soil moisture measuring. Considering that the current methods of soil moisture measuring are time consuming, thus using the time domain reflectometry system is widely used in the world. At the present, by considering high cost of buried sensors and a need to use of many of them in the projects, it is important to construct sensors with high accuracy compared to foreign sensors with a suitable cost and possibility of purchasing by other scientific institutes in Iran. Thus, various types of steel rods were provided to reach the most suitable samples. In this step, the measured soil moisture was compared to foreign sample to assess the constructed samples. Statistical analysis using SPSS programme showed a high R2 value (99%) with the similarity of constructed and foreign samples. In the next step, the results of manufactured and foreign type samples were compared to measured soil weigh moisture. The results of analysis demonstrate the good function of constructed sensors. Statistical analysis showed high statistical significance and R2 (99%). Based on the results of this research, it is possible to provide a suitable condition for the Iranian researchers for implementation of the projects.

Urban development with a social justice approach is one of the issues that has been neglected in many urban development plans. The transfer of the development right is considered one of the new ways of monitoring land development. The transfer of the development right is important in terms of its position in reducing inequality and ensuring the individual rights of the owners. The development right transfer approach is actually a plan to reduce physical development in areas that the community or planners want to protect. This research aims to examine and implement the approach of the right to transfer development and explain some of the principles of important rules in the perspective of Islam, and its relevance and influence in urban development, and offers suggestions for the realization of social justice using this approach. The current research is an applied research that uses the descriptive-comparative research method to analyze and examine the data. To describe and analyze the data, the comparative literature review method has been used. Based on this, while gathering the topics of Islamic social justice and the method of transferring the right to development, the relationship between the aforementioned method and the realization of social justice is analyzed through the Delphi technique by receiving 5 rounds of opinions from 30 experts. As a result of this research, the principles of social justice include eight principles,Equality in public rights, the lack of objectivity of the position and position of people in the administration of justice, inequality in individual-social acquired rights, compliance with the requirements of time in receiving tariffs, equal access to public services, non-privatization of property and public interests, the benefit of all in public affairs, The lack of immunity of rulers and officials from justice was explained. And also compared to the basics of the right to transfer development method, it was found that the principles of equality in public law, the lack of objectivity of the position and position of individuals in the implementation of justice are completely consistent with the method of the right to transfer development. The principles of inequality in individual-social acquired rights, compliance with the requirements of time in receiving tariffs, equal access to public services, non-privatization of property and public interests, benefit of all in public affairs, lack of immunity of rulers and officials from justice are largely consistent. Or you can use the method of transfer of development right in order to achieve the intended goals of that principle.

Different methods have been considered to solve the problem of uncontrolled growth of cities, one of which is the TDR. in this study, different areas of Shiraz, which are currently facing the challenge of uneven expansion and widespread destruction of gardens and green spaces, have been studied in the context of TDR concept. Using the principles of this approach, receiving and sending areas are identified and a location and zoning map and areas prone to development is presented as research output. The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical. In it, the effective factors on the realization of the transfer right transfer approach in order to preserve valuable agricultural and historical lands of Shiraz were identified. Also, suitable areas for the implementation of this project in the city were determined according to the characteristics of TDR approach. In this regard, the required information has been collected through library information and survey studies (questionnaire and observation)The results of this study provide a zoning map of areas prone to development in Shiraz by juxtaposing maps related to the indicators of number of floors, average plot size and granulation, the proximity of zones to the 1st and 2nd degree urban arterial network, the degree of proximity to urban service areas and commercial centers, the trend of construction tendencies by developers in different urban areas, the trend of housing in different urban areas, review of upstream plans and Macro-policies have been development and identification of valuable areas and other unsuitable areas for development.

Background and Objective study: Without a comprehensive and holistic approach to defining urban land development and expansion of the city's growth is impossible. It is impossible without the knowledge of the dimensions of urban land. Systematic approach not only helps in the analysis of urban land urban land issues, there is a clear and transparent view, but its relationship with other components as well to be determined. The purpose of this study is that in relied on a system approach; the efficiency of transfer development rights (TDR) in the management of urban land is approved. method: Dominant approach to the study "Application" from the analysis of secondary data (documents) with emphasis on system approach has been used. In the research process by providing a framework system approach, the set of data flows generated data and intra- urban land management system that includes land as an input, target, system components, including land use, urban land management, land development, land ownership and land markets, relationships, environments and resources during production and outbound transfer of development rights is explained.Results: The results of the study showed that the evaluation of the success of this method depends on local governments to stand strong supervision and direction landowners welcomed the program and protect the public interest, it is necessary transactions between buyers and sellers in the land market with sweeping control of a public institution be companied.conclusion: the recommendations to successfully and efficiency used in transfer of development rights method are provided.