Paleoecology of the Qom Formation ostracods in the Bojan and Varkan sections have been studied. The age of the sections has determined base on foraminifera and is Rupelian-chattian for the Bujan and Chattian for the Varkan Section. Ostracoda content of the Bujan and Varkan sections include 44 and 33 species respectively. The pecies of genus Cytheridea are the most abundant and the most dominant ostracods of the Bujan section. In the lower part of the Bujan section, different species of Cytherella and Cytheridea constitute the dominant ostracods, but upward the abundance of Cytherella is declined and Cytheridea, Neonesidea, and Bairdia are dominant. Podocopids constitute 76% and 86% of the Bujan section ostracods during Rupelin and Chattian, respectively. Neonesidea elegans, Bythocypris pseudoreniformis, Paracypris pandyai, Paracypris sapperi and Paracypris naalunensis constitute the dominant ostracods of the Varkan Section. Podocopid ostracods are dominant in the Varkan marls and constitute 77% of the ostracods. The high percentage of podocopid ostracods indicates that the environment was oxygen-rich and without the ecological stresses in both section; while in the Varkan Section, the ecological conditions are stable but in the Bujan section, the oxygen enriches upward and ecological conditions become closer to normal marin basins.

Bauxite deposits in Iran are dominantly hosted by Late Triassic-Early Jurassic sequences in the Alborz zone and Late Cretaceous in the Zagros zone (e. g., Zarasvandi et al., 2008). Metamorphosed bauxite deposits in Iran are very rare, such as Heidarabad corundum-rich deposit (Emamali-pour, and Mirmohammadi, 2011). The Qale-Kham ore deposit is the first report of bauxite mineralization in the Early Paleozoic sequences of Sanandaj-Sirjan zone...

High dependence of agricultural production on nature and market factors cause activities in this field be so risky. In this paper we try to recognize effective factors on risk for pistachio farmers in sirjan. Needed data were collected by interviewing with 186 farmers in 2012. For statistical analysis, we used tobit discrete regression. Results show that risk frequency of previous year, diversity of cultivated crops, off farm employment; crop acreage was affecting risk positively. Also age, participating in a crop supervisory, ownership of machinery, Insured crop acreage had negative effect on production risk. Finally, some recommendations are made to reduce factors affecting risk.

stablishment of order and security has been the inevitable necessity for all governments during history and the authorities have applied various attempts and measures in order to reach the goal. During its long history, Sirjan province in Kerman State has enjoyed various anti-security factors which have necessitated security measures for its rulers. By using analytical-descriptive historical method, this article aims at examining police formation trend in Sirjan from ancient times to nowadays and different factors of insecurity formation in this city. The findings show that Sirjan history has witnessed different insecurities in different stages. In this province, establishment of security and order has been guaranteed by local respectful people, local rulers, feudal and landlords but some people have accepted the repsonsility of establishing order and secuirty in the city whose names have been eternalized.

Urban tourism is a complicated formulation of various activities with specific environmental characteristics. The potentials of the city to attract tourists and providing services while preserving the customs, beliefs, and values can effectively expand these values and beliefs both locally and internationally. Thus the present study made an attempt to analyze Sirjan tourist potentials using the communicative, service, tourist, and scientific criteria. The results of the study showed that Badgir Chopoghi site with 48.6 of 60 points was the best site for developing tourism in the area. On the other hand, the results of ANOVA showed that the communication criterion can divide the sites into two separate groups while the other criteria did not have any statistically significant effect in this separation. The obtained results also showed that the most important weakness of the site was poor advertisement to introduce the site to others. The weakest point on this criterion supports this important result of the study. 

The Malayer-Boroujerd-Shazand district (approximately 70 km long) is located in the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone with NW-SE trending, and consist mainly of hornfels, schist, phyllite, migmatite, granite and granodiorite which contain numerous pegmatite and aplitic dykes. Among these rocks, granodiorite, hornfels and schist are main host rocks for quartz, feldspar, muscovite and tourmaline bearing pegmatites. The tourmaline composition is schorlite-foitite type with tendency to dravite in Shazand tourmaline which show magmatic-hydrothermal origin, and located in alkali and site-vacancies. These tourmalines in the Fe/ (Fe + Mg) vs MgO diagram are located above and below 0. 8 which proved tourmalines are magmatic and hydrothermal. Magmatic evidences are dominantly schorlite tourmaline composition, increase in octahedral Al content, higher Fe content than Mg and presence of more sample between alkali-deficient and proton-deficient tourmaline vectors. Presence of zoning in tourmaline, vein form pegmatite, increase of Mg in some samples and being away from alkali-deficient and proton-deficient tourmaline vectors are evidences for hydrothermal origin of tourmaline.

Introduction: Energy is considered to be one of the most important factors affecting the development of human societies and also an essential parameter in economic and social development along with the quality of life. Population growth, rising living standards, the risk of global warming caused by greenhouse gas, acid rain, environmental problems and threats to human health, lack of fossil energy sources and rising energy consumption have increased interests in renewable energies. Solar energy has been used as a source of renewable energy for a long time. As one of the safest, most efficient and most economical sources of energy, it has the potential to become the main energy source in the near future (Dincer, 2000: 157). Due to the high number of sunny days, Iran is among the countries receiving the highest level of solar radiation in the world. With 240 to 250 sunny days per year, approximately 80 percent of the country receives an average annual solar radiation of 4. 5-5. 4 kWh / m²,(Moghadam et al, 2011: 107). In this regard, the present study seeks to evaluate and monitor radiant energy reaching the surface of Sirjan basin. Materials & Methods: The study area, Sirjan Basin, is located between 28 degrees and 46 minutes and 50 seconds to 29 degrees and 58 minutes and 1 second northern latitude, and 55 degrees and 11 minutes and 20 seconds to 56 degrees and 32 minutes and 40 seconds eastern longitude. It includes 18481 square kilometers with an average altitude of 1710 meters above sea level. Descriptive-analytical method has been used in the present applied research. Data are collected using library and documentary research methods (from information and statistics offered by different organizations) or extracted from satellite images. Solar radiation energy reaching to the surface of the study area has been evaluated using three methods including Angstrom experimental model, Solar Analyst method in GIS and Remote Sensing. Results & Discussion: Angstrom experimental model indicates that the maximum amount of energy directly received by the basin at low latitudes (28 degrees and 50 minutes) is 73370-73436 watts per square meter. This decreases as we move toward higher latitudes reaching 72836-72903 watts per square meter in the northern parts of the basin (latitude 29 degrees and 50 minutes). Monitoring solar radiation energy reaching the surface with GIS Solar Analyst (solar radiation analysis method) shows that the lowest amount of radiant energy reached the surface in January (between 14000 to 144039 watts per square meter). Also, the maximum amount of radiant energy reached the surface in July (between 111000 to 252000 watts per square meter). Remote sensing technique also shows that the amount of instantaneous radiation received in Sirjan basin reaches its minimum during winters and only a limited part in the west of the study area receives 4. 498 to 8. 436 watts per square meter. The maximum amount of instantaneous radiation received in summers is 597. 6 to 845. 6 watts per square meter, which is received in a large part of the west, northwest and southwest of the basin. Conclusion: Monitoring radiant energy reaching the surface of Sirjan basin using experimental Angstrom model shows that the highest level of energy received in the southern parts of the basin is around 733370 to 73436 watts per square meter. This is reduced moving toward the northern parts of the basin. Moreover, solar radiation analysis method (Solar Analyst in GIS) shows that the highest amount of solar energy in Sirjan Basin is received in July with 200000 to 252000 watt-hours per square meter, June with 170000 to 248341 watt-hours per square meter, May with 190000 to 247627 watt-hours per square meter and August with 190000 to 234500 watt-hours per square meter, respectively. These values are recorded in eastern, northeastern and southeastern parts of the basin. Results indicate that the eastern half of the basin in which the cities of Balvard, Tekiye, Saadatabad and Pariz are located, receives the highest amount of solar radiation energy especially in summer. Remote sensing technique shows that the highest amount of instantaneous radiation received in summer is 597. 6to 845. 6 watts per square meter which is recorded in the western, northern, northwestern, southern and southern parts of the region including the villages of Pariz, Saadatabad, Balvard in the central strip and Khatunabad, Mahmoudabad, Najafabad, Malekabad and Golestan. The same is also recorded in other seasons, though with a decreasing trend. The highest level of instantaneous radiation is received in these parts of the basin.

Laibid (northwest Esfahan) metamorphic rocks are situated in complexly deformed sub zone of the Sanandaj-sirjan zone, in which bounding faults emplaced Permian metamorphosed, beside the younger Triassic-Jurassic metamorphic rocks. Structural study of these units reveals three deformation stages of a progressive deformation in this area. The first stage includes tight to isoclinal folds, the second stage includes open to close folds and the third one includes gentle to open folds. From the first to the third stage, fold's wavelength gradually become longer, so that their aspect ratio change respectively from tall and short, for the first stage, to broad, for the second stage, and to wide, for the third one. Superposition of these fold generations caused in coaxial interference patterns. It seems that during Late Jurassic, these three folding stages consequently formed and passively rotated in a continuous deformation condition, by gradually decreasing deformation depth. Dikes alternatively injected into the extensional fractures and through the axial plane foliation and gradually deformed in to the fold, boudin, folded boudin, and boudined fold.

Background: Prevalence of suicide and attempted suicide has increased due to social, economic, and cultural factors. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the suicide and attempted suicide epidemiology in Sirjan, Iran, in 2018. Methods: Following a cross-sectional design, suicide attempts and their related factors were investigated in the city of Sirjan in 2018. Data were collected by a researcher-developed checklist and were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics (chi-square and Fisher's exact tests) by SPSS. Results: A total of 768 people referred to Sirjan's hospitals with a diagnosis of suicide attempt were investigated. One-year suicide attempts incidence for males and females was 120. 6 (N = 391) and 116. 3 (N = 377) per 100, 000 people, respectively. The mean age of males and females was 26. 0-9. 2 and 24. 2-8. 1, respectively. Most cases were aged 20-29 and 10-19 years. The male-to-female ratio was higher in the 20-29 age group, but more females, most suicide cases were aged 10-19, and this difference was significant. Most of them were single, urbanite, educated up to high school diploma, or were school-goers. Self-poisoning (i. e. drug intoxication) was the most common method of suicide attempts. Suicides that led to death were 3. 7 per 100000 people, higher rates were observed in men, younger age, single status, urbanite, and those with school diplomas. Hanging was the most common suicide method. Conclusions: Sirjan is one of the areas with high rates of suicide attempts; therefore, the findings of the present study can be regarded as a step forward in future studies to consider interventions intended to improve mental health, as well as to find useful solutions to prevent suicide occurrence.