Urban Physical development has been the major concern of urban planners during recent years, therefore, better understanding of urban and its development is necessary for sustainable development. Urban physical development resulted to destroying Agricultural lands, moving to hazardous areas like flooding areas, hazardous earthquake areas, unreliable slopes which in fact damages ecological balance and sustainability in cities. Shiraz, as an example, shows that urban physical development due to rapid growth of population and lack of ecological and environmental considerations results in development of city to hazardous ecological and natural areas. This research is to answer following question: Is physical development of Shiraz city happened toward natural hazardous areas and occurred in farmlands and gardens during 1956-2006? The aim of this research is remarking which areas developed in natural and environmental vulnerable area. Urban sustainability means ecological-physical balance which considers natural and environmental urban physical development. Analysis of these variables was performed by linear combination technique with regard to information structure and its ability to be used in computer systems. After choosing ecological and topographical criteria like slope, height, dangerous earthquake areas and farmland were graded by linear combination. Then, these criteria were analyzed and combined by ArcGIS software tools. The results showed that from the total area of the city, 38. 6 percent are unfavorable zones, 38. 5 percent lower zones and only 22. 8 percent comprises the appropriate zone. This situation indicates that the environmental SUITABILITY of Shiraz city is low.

Introduction: The implementation of the forest restoration plan in the northern region of Iran has led to an increase in efforts to enhance wood production through the cultivation of poplar seedling. Particularly, poplar trees hold a significant position among wood producers due to their distinctive features. The key consideration revolves around identifying suitable and cost-effective lands for planting fast-growing species. Purpose of this study focuses on assessing the land SUITABILITY for poplar (Populus nigra L.), a prevalent forest species in the country, through a quantitative land evaluation method based on the FAO approach. Material and Methods: The research gathered and classified the edaphic and climatic requirements of poplar tree by utilizing various library resources, data from the soil laboratory of the Research Institute of Forests and Ranglands, and field survey (Soil Profiles). The climatic and soil characteristics were quantitatively classified into five categories: highly suitable (S1), moderately suitable (S2), low/critically suitable (S3), The Quantitative Classification of soil and climate properties was done in five classes: suitable (S1), moderate SUITABILITY (S2), low or critical SUITABILITY (S3), currently not suitable (N1) and permanent not suitable (N2). For validation, a quantitative assessment of land SUITABILITY for poplar cultivation was performed across six soil types, including Nowshahr forest brown, Nowshahr gray brown pedzolic rich in organic matter, Chamestan alluvial regosol, Chamestan Rendezina, Chalous  Pseudogley , and Karaj alluvial cambisol, using a parametric method (second root). Findings: Results indicate that spruce thrives in wet and semi-humid regions in a dry-type manner, with ideal conditions found in areas receiving 1500-1800 mm of rainfall. In drier, semi-arid zones, irrigation is essential for meeting water requirements. Optimal growth temperatures for spruce range from 11-16 degrees Celsius in moderate climates. Poplar flourishes in soils with a light to medium texture, granular or cubic structure, good to fast drainage, and low underground water levels with adequate calcium and magnesium cations. Conclusion: The study showed that the most suitable soils for poplars have a light to medium texture with a granular or crumb structure, with adequate drainage, the absence of high groundwater and the sufficient amount of calcium and magnesium cations in the soil. Soils with incomplete drainage and heavy texture do not provide suitable conditions for poplar plantations. In terms of quantitative evaluation, Mollic Udifluvents soils with medium texture had the highest score for poplar plantations.

In recent years, blockchain technology has been used in many fields, including IoT and Smartphones. Since most of these devices are battery constrained and have low processing capabilities, conventional blockchains are not suitable for these types of systems. In this field, critical challenges that need to be addressed are providing security for transactions and power consumption. An available solution to meet the mentioned challenges is TrustChain. Unlike conventional blockchains, TrustChain does not have a single global chain. Instead, each node is responsible for building and maintaining its local chain. With all the benefits, TrustChain is vulnerable to the whitewashing attack and suffers from client vulnerability issues. Moreover, once a fatal error occurs, the recovery time of each TrustChain node is considerably high. In this paper, we propose a solution to address the attacks mentioned above by implementing an authentication system with MongoDB on top of TrustChain. Moreover, we connected TrustChain to the distributed cloud storage to significantly reduce the recovery time of nodes in fatal errors (up to 80%). Finally, we evaluate improved TrustChain with the PoW-based smartphone-oriented blockchains from two aspects of security and power consumption, proving that improved TrustChain does not significantly affect the lifetime of the smartphone battery. Its power consumption is less than mentioned blockchains and is more secure than these systems against main attacks.

Along with the increasing public interest for recreational activities in the natural environment, the total urban green area per capita has been reduced during the recent years, resulted in an aerially-dense concentration of urban forest park users. Therefore, this study aims at conducting a SUITABILITY analysis for establishing plantation sites in a 10km buffer around the city of Sanandaj (48145 ha) in Kurdistan, western Iran. Here, a set of relevant factors including the ecology, socio-economy and tourism were studies to identify potential plantation sites. The criteria were spatially mapped following the data analysis. Questionnaires were used for evaluating each geographical map, and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was applied for pair wise comparison of the variables. Convenient weights were consequently assigned to each map based on the relevance of variables for establishing plantations. The final SUITABILITY map was derived by overlaying the maps of various factors in the Geographic Information System (GIS).The final map was evaluated and classified into five groups based on the finally-assigned values. The results included the regions with highest priorities which turn out to be more suitable for plantation establishment.

Six polymeric coatings viz 3LPE, 3p/2p CAT, PU, VE, LE, and HSS have been selected, and each type of coating has been applied separately on SS316L pipe external surface. The test samples were subjected to Specific Electrical Insulation Resistance (SEIR) test in 0.1 mol/liter of NaCl solution and the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) test in 3.5 % NaCl solution. After completion of the tests, SEIR values of PU, 3LPE, and LE are found to be about 2.5×109, 8.9×108, and 3.9×108 ohm.m2, respectively. In contrast, the electrochemical impedance values at low frequencies (100 mHz) of 3LPE, 3p/2p CAT, and HSS are found to be about 7.9×1011, 5.4×1011, and 4.5×1011 ohm.cm2, respectively. The experimental results are analyzed, and the ranking of coatings has been made based on each test's performance. The overall ranking of coatings is evaluated for the determination of the SUITABILITY of the coating for buried SS316L pipelines in the petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas industries.

Biodiversity is one of the most important indicators of ecosystem diversity and dynamism. Birds, as a clinker indicator of ecosystem biodiversity, are considered as the habitat SUITABILITY and other necessary living conditions for any species. Therefore, the study of birds, especially migratory birds, is of particular importance as a clinker indicator. Due to the need for studies in this field, the present study was conducted to investigate the desirability of the habitat and identify the most important environmental variables affecting the distribution of the Anser anser species as a migratory and index species in Iran. Using 23 environmental variables and the nine models in the BIOMOD software package under R software, the Anser anser species is distributed in three types of habitats including winterpassing, summer-passing and breeding and stopeover modeling. The findings from species modeling showed that the models, used in species distribution modeling, have high accuracy in studying species distribution. In general, temperature and precipitation variables are the most important, while the variables such as vegetation and distance to roads are less important in the distribution of Anser anser species in Iran. According to the results, 15. 91% of the surface of Iran was identified as a desirable habitat for Anser anser species, which overlaps with 15. 95% of the protected areas. Therefore, the used method in this study identifies the desired habitats of the species correctly. Besides, it can be applied as a suitable method to model the habitat SUITABILITY of similar species, which is essential from the perspective of conservation providing comprehensive and practical wildlife management programs.