Background: Acute Bronchiolitis is a common seasonal lower respiratory disease in infants. Syncytial respiratory virus is responsible for more than 50 percent of bronchiolitis events. The treatment is usually supportive. This study was done to examine the efficacy of Nebulizer magnesium sulfate in the treatment of acute bronchiolitis.Methods: This study was a double blind clinical trial in which 60 patients admitted with acute bronchiolitis in Alzahra, Amin and Shariati hospitals in Isfahan, Iran during 2010 and 2011 were studied. Patients were randomly divided into two groups, A and B. Group A were treated by magnesium sulfate, epinephrine and normal saline and group B were treated only by epinephrine and normal saline. Severity of symptoms was investigated by measuring the temperature, SPO2, pulse rate (PR), respiratory rate (RR) and respiratory distress assessment instrument (RDAI) index, at the beginning of stuy to 3 days after treatment by follow-up questionnaires. Data were analyzed by Student t-test and repeated measure ANOVA.Findings: The mean of temperature, SPO2, PR, RR and RDAI at admission and during hospital stay was not significantly different between two groups. After removing the confounding effect of different arrival, RDAI in second and third days in group A was significantly less than group B (P<0.01).Conclusion: According to this study, treatment with magnesium sulfate has no effect on symptoms of acute bronchiolitis. Magnesium sulfate can reduce RDAI only in the second and third days of hospitalization.

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of combining salbutamol Nebulizer and oral procaterol compared to only oral procaterol on the respiratory rate, temperature (fever), spasm, cough frequency, thoracic retraction, and length of stay (LOS) among young children with pneumonia. This prospective cohort study included 48 consecutive sampling subjects with pneumonia in Indonesia. The subjects were classified based on the type of therapy they received: intervention group used the combination of salbutamol Nebulizer and oral procaterol therapy (n=24 subjects) and the control group received oral procaterol only (n=24). The result showed that the combination therapy salbutamol Nebulizer and oral procaterol was more effective than the administration of oral procaterol only with the rate of clinical change. Combination therapy nebulized salbutamol and oral procaterol significantly respiratory rate (p=0. 006) and temperature (fever) (p=0. 002) compared to the only oral procaterol. The combination had clinical change in reducing spasm, cough frequency, thoracic retraction, and length of stay (LOS) however there are was no significant effect of this combination in reducing spasm (p=0. 348), cough frequency (p=0. 964), thoracic retraction (p=0. 666), and length of stay (LOS) (p=0. 192) compared to the only oral procaterol among the Indonesian children with pneumonia.

Background: one of the most common and important complications of COVID-19 is cough. The present study was designed with the aim of comparing the effect of althaea officinalis and eucalyptus Nebulizer on the severity of cough in COVID-19 patients. Methods: in this randomized clinical trial, from January 2022 to June 2022, 36 patients with COVID-19 were selected and randomly divided into three groups. Next, the severity of cough was recorded two hours before the intervention based on the visual analogue (VAS) in both groups until the patient was admitted to the hospital, then, one cc aqueous extract of althaea officinalis with five cc Normal Saline for the althaea officinalis group and four cc aqueous extract eucalyptus whit five cc Normal Saline for the eucalyptus group, were nebulized once a day for 15 minutes. Two hours after the intervention, the intensity of cough was again recorded in two groups. This intervention continued until the hospitalization of the patients. No intervention was done for the control group. The data was analyzed with Spss software at a significance level of less than 0. 05. Results: In this study before the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference between the three groups in terms of cough intensity (p>0. 05), but after the intervention on the second and third days, there was a statistically significant difference between the three groups in terms of cough intensity. The rate of reduction in cough severity in althaea officinalis group was higher than the other two groups (p<0. 05).   Also, the results of Friedman's test indicated that althaea officinalis and eucalyptus Nebulizers incense improved the severity of cough in patients over time. Conclusion: the use of althaea officinalis and eucalyptus Nebulizer improved the severity of cough in patients with COVID-19, but althaea officinalis Nebulizer had a greater effect on cough severity compared to eucalyptus. It is suggested to use althaea officinalis Nebulizer as well as eucalyptus as a treatment method along with other treatment methods.

In this experimental study, the condensed water in the evaporator coil was injected using the Nebulizer technology into the condenser inlet air and its effect on the performance coefficient was studied. The testing equipment employed in the present study consisted of an air conditioner tunnel with the dimensions of 200×35×35cm, which had the compression refrigeration cycle of 1-ton refrigeration with R404a refrigerant. A data logger with pressure and temperature sensors installed at various points of the unit accurately recorded the measured data. The results indicated that the use of a Nebulizer would reduce the compressor outlet pressure and compressor power consumption and also increase the performance coefficient. By increasing the air temperature to the condenser from 21 to 36° C, the use of a Nebulizer reduced compressor outlet pressure by more than 27%, decreased compressor power consumption by more than 8%, and increased the performance coefficient more than 64%. The results demonstrate the Nebulizer technology could be used on hot days of the year by recycling wastewater from air conditioning systems, as a practical and low-cost method to increase the efficiency of direct expansion air conditioning systems.

In this study, by using Nebulizer technology commonly used for the delivery of aerosolized drugs in pulmonary patients, the effect of injecting oil compounds and water vapor by Nebulizer on the thermal efficiency and production of pollutants in gas emissions of natural gas diffusion flame is studied. The Nebulizer device creates micron incisions of injected liquid and, due to the reduced injection particle diameter, existing highly turbulent outflow and proper mixing of oil and water vapor compounds with gas and air inlet to the burner, effectiveness of the injection increases to enhance efficiency and reduce pollutants. In the experimental setup, the injection of 1 wt% of oil compounds into the natural gas flame by a Nebulizer improves thermal efficiency by 2.5%, decreases the temperature of the exhaust gases from the chimney by 12%, and also pollutants by 13%, and increases carbon monoxide pollutant by 6%. Also, the injection of 2 wt.% of water drops as well as 1 wt.% of oil compounds will increase thermal efficiency by more than 1%, reduce the temperature of chimney exhaust gases by 6 %, reduce pollutants by more than 42 % and carbon monoxide pollutant by 26%.

Background: Bronchiolitis, which is the most common infection of the lower respiratory tract among infants, is characterized by acute inflammation, edema, increased mucosal production, and bronchospasm. We aimed to investigate the effects of saline usage with different concentrations and salbutamol on the treatment. Materials and Methods: This double-blind, randomized clinical trial was performed on 180 pediatric patients with four weeks to 24 months old admitted to Ali-Ibn-Aboutaleb Hospital in Zahedan, Iran, during 2017-18 for possible diagnosis of acute bronchiolitis. Patients were divided into three groups of 60 patients using the permissive block method. The first group received 0. 15 mg of Salbutamol Nebulizer and 5 ml of normal saline 0. 9%, the second group received saline 3%, and the third group received saline 5% at the same dose as the first group. Clinical status, oxygen saturation, respiratory and heart rate, intercostal retraction, dyspnea, wheezing before treatment and every 20 minutes after treatment up to 3 times, and Clinical Bronchiolitis Severity Score (CBSS) were collected. Results: In all three groups, there was an increasing trend in oxygen saturation and a decrease in respiratory rate, heart rate, and CBSS. In the first and third groups, there was a significant difference in CBSS after treatment, but in the second group, it was significant only at 20 and 40 minutes after treatment. The mean days of admission for the second group were lower. Conclusion: It seems that due to its cost-effectiveness, lack of complication and earlier efficacy of 5% hypertonic saline in the treatment of bronchiolitis, hypertonic saline 5% instead of normal saline 0. 9% is more effective and more cost-beneficial achieved in bronchiolitis remedy.