The history of MYCOLOGY in Iran is presented in five periods. In the first period (until 1860) there is no sign of Iranian fungi in scientific literature. In the second period (1860–1941) the study of Iranian fungi was started by foreign mycologists who did not visit Iran but worked on plant material collected by botanists. In the third period (1941–1963) the study of Iranian fungi was started by a first generation of Iranian mycologists and also fungal plant pathology was started in Iran. A second generation of Iranian mycologists used pure culture technique in the fourth period (1963–2000). In this period MYCOLOGY was taught separately from botany and plant pathology at universities, and MSc and PhD courses were initiated at some universities. In the fifth period (from 2000), a third generation of Iranian mycologists used molecular techniques to study Iranian fungi. An Asian Mycological Congress was held in Iran in 2001; the Iranian Mycological Society was founded in 2010; an MSc course of MYCOLOGY was initiated at Esfahan University; the first Iranian Mycological Congress was held at Gilan University in 2013, and the first Iranian mycological journal (Mycologia Iranica) was launched.

In the past, diagnostic classification was mainly based on morphological and culture criteria, which sometimes supplemented with physiological information. Unfortunately, some of them are insufficient when a culture is sterile, or they are in slow growing style.

Objective: Identification of toxigenic and nontoxigenic fungi agents isolated from feedstuffs, understudy. Design: laboratory study. Samples: Nineteen different samples of feedstuffs such as corn, oat, silage, concentrated feed, fat powder and etc. Procedure: After processing of the samples, they were cultured (using inoculation & streak culture methods) on sabouraud glucose agar containing chloramphenicol, potato glucose agar,czapek-dox agar and rosebangal agar media under standard laboratory technical conditions. Statistical analysis: Chi-square and t-test. Results: The most frequent isolated fungi were: Aspergillus (63.2%), Penicillium (36.8%), Mucor (31.6%) and Cladosporium (26/3%), respectively. According to the colony counts, Fusarium colonies were the most abundantly isolated from silage and concentrated feeds (118 colonies).Among the isolated Aspergillus species, A.fumigatus (18.5%), A.flavus (35.9%), A.niger (25.9%) and A.sPP (29.6%) were identified. There was a significant defference between Aspergillus and the other fungi. These differences were significant, respect to suspected toxigenic and nontoxigenic species, as well. It means that toxigenic species were isolated more significantly than nontoxigenic agents. Conclusion: With attention to presence of toxigenic fungi on the feeds, it should be considered to plan a program for identifying fungi(spacially toxigenic fungi )in different feedstuffs .After this step, in order to hygienic control of fungi on feeds, it is necessary to design some programs into the future.

Introduction: In accordance with evaluation of universities and high educational societies and by using accreditation model, parasitology and MYCOLOGY department of Urmia University of Medical Sciences was evaluated.Materials and Methods: This study was done in parasitology and MYCOLOGY department of Urmia university of medical sciences in 2007. This department with 4 scientific members, 3 educational districts, and 4 laboratories, and with 27 years archaism is involved actively in teaching of students of medical and health sciences. The assessment covered 9 areas, namely: department manager, scientific members, educational districts, human resources, education resources and research facilities, and the status of students. The scientific members of the department developed questionnaires and checklists. After collecting the data, the results were categorized into three levels according to the gained points: nondesirable level (less than 25 % of the total score), semi-desirable level (between 25-75 % of the total score) and desirable level (more than 75% of the total score).Results: The obtrained mean scores revealed that the department of parasitology and MYCOLOGY was located in the "desirable level" in the fields of department manager, scientific members, educational district, and the status of students. The department was located in the "semi-desirable level" in the fields of human resources, education resources and research facilities. Overall, the debarment was gained the "semidesirable" score (103 from 140).Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the debarment of parasitology and MYCOLOGY is located in the semi-desirable level. Although the overall status is acceptable, but there is a need to modify the weak points in the suboptimal areas to improve the educational quality in this department.

Bacteria, amoebae and fungi usually cause keratitis. Mycotic Keratitis is the infection of cornea due to different types of fungi including molds and yeasts. Predisposing factors are Trauma (vegetable matter), surgery & prolong use of steroids. In order to investigate the prevalence of mycotic keratitis among the patients suffering from infection of corneaJa study was undertaken over a period of 6 years. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients whom referred to MYCOLOGY lab from 1982 to 1995.After admission of each patient in MYCOLOGY lab, a questioner including personal & clinical information was completed for him/her.Sampling by ophthalmologist & fresh smear and culture were performed for each patient. The results showed that %57 of the patients were male & the others were female Aspergilus spp & Fuzarium solani were isolated from 55% & 7% of the cultures respectively. Trauma due to penetration & plant particles was the common predisposing factor. The disease was a mostly seen in farmer.It is concluded that fungal keratitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of keratitis specially if predisposing factor is trauma due to plant matter.

Background: Training of expert human resources is one of the main and basic objectives of developed countries. One of the important challenges for attainment of this objective is shortage in funding and financial resources. This is while medical branches, due to being specialized and requiring vast practical courses, need spending considerable financial costs for training competent students. Objectives: The present study aimed to estimate the costs of training medical parasitology and MYCOLOGY students at Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This was a descriptive research. The data collection tool was a form designed by researchers using various resources. Educational and non-educational costs of the academic year of 2017-2018, with a top-down approach, were analysed to estimate the costs of training and educating post-graduate students. Analyses were made using Microsoft Excel 2013 software. Results: The costs of educating master students in parasitology, Ph. D. students in parasitology, and master students in MYCOLOGY in the academic year of 2017-2018 were 11, 144, 18, 365, and 7, 821 USD, respectively. Forty-five percent of the total of educational costs was allocated to training Ph. D. students in parasitology alone, and a major share (81%) of these costs had been paid to human resources. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that the financial costs of training and educating students in the parasitology and MYCOLOGY fields are high, needing the prompt attention of the policymakers of the national medical education system.