Background: Drug abuse causes various societal problems, including decline in public health, increase in mortality, social and domestic traumas, loss of educational and occupational opportunities, increase in involvement with the judicial system, and development of drug abuse cycles. The tendency to use drugs is directly related to the attitudes of the individuals regarding the legality and the scale of social acceptance of drug use, the harm resulting from drug use, or the pleasant consequences of using drugs.Objectives: The aim of the present study is to predict the psychological inclination to drug use in youths by studying their PERSONALITY traits.Patients and Methods: The research sample included students of the Medical Science University, Zahedan, Iran, with an average age of 19–24 years. Participants were selected by probability proportional cluster random sampling. The instruments were the Addiction Potential Scale (APS) and the MINNESOTA MULTIPHASIC PERSONALITY INVENTORY (MMPI). The hypotheses were tested using the Pearson correlation method and regression analysis.Results: Addiction potential was positively related to PERSONALITY characteristics. We found that those with the highest addiction potential (47%) exhibited the following 3 traits: characteristics of schizophrenia, psychological exhaustion, and depression.Conclusions: There were no significant differences in the addiction potential among the students with respect to grade, field of study, age, or gender.

Aims Characteristics of depression such as chronicity and its severity are related to PERSONALITY pathology, and one of the most widely used and objective tools for the diagnosis of psychiatric pathology and PERSONALITY traits in medical and research centers is the MINNESOTA MULTIPHASIC PERSONALITY INVENTORY; thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of depression components based on Holy Qur’ an and MINNESOTA MULTIPHASIC PERSONALITY INVENTORY (MMPI). Instruments & Methods This descriptive study was conducted among all students of Tehran University in 2016. 306 individuals (153 women and 153 men) between the ages of 20 and 50 years were selected by convenience sampling method. The “ Qur’ an-based Depression Scale” and “ long-form MMPI” were used as a research tool. The data were analyzed by SPSS 22 software, using Stepwise regression analysis. Findings There was a positive and significant correlation between isolated depression with dimensions of depression, psychosocial deviation, paranoia, psychological weakness and social introversion, emptiness depression with dimensions of depression, paranoia, psychological weakness and social introversion, as well as spiritual depression with dimensions of psychological weakness and social introversion, self-bias depression with dimensions of depression, psychosocial deviation, paranoia, psychological weakness and social introversion and double depression with dimensions of Hypochondriasis, mania, and schizophrenia. Different types of depression from Qur’ anic perspective (predictive variables) were able to predict changes in PERSONALITY variables of MMPI (criterion variables). Conclusion There is a correlation between the dimensions of depression from the perspective of the Holy Qur’ an and the clinical scale of the MINNESOTA test, and both scales measure one structure, despite different theoretical bases.

Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, are chronic and debilitating conditions that their prevalence are growing. These diseases have association with psycho-cognitive factors. This study aimed to evaluate the PERSONALITY traits of such patients by applying the MINNESOTA MULTIPHASIC PERSONALITY INVENTORY-2-Restructured Questionnaire.Materials and Methods: We included 100 patients with biopsy proven IBD in this case control study.100 individuals (57 subjects of the patients’ family members and 43 subjects of non-family members) were considered as controls. We applied MMPI-2RF to evaluate the PERSONALITY traits of the participants. ANOVA was used to compare the mean scales between the three groups.Results: Of this fifty scale-questionnaire, only the scales of emotional inadequacy (mean=59.83±10.42, p=0.047), demoralization (mean=63.00±11.21, p=0.025), malaise (mean=64.99±14.58, p=0.001), cognitive complaints (mean=64.66±15.25, p=0.008), self-doubt (mean=57.55 11.04, p=0.34), and neuroticism (mean=61.43±11.94, p=0.048) had a significant difference between the three groups.Conclusion: The patients with IBD had a higher scales of emotional inadequacy, demoralization, malaise, cognitive complaints, self-doubt, and neuroticism than the controls of non-family and family members. However the differences were significant only between patients with IBD and their non-family controls. We suggest regular psychological and psychiatric counseling for patients with IBD.

Objective Disruptive and conduct behaviors are the most common conditions used to help adolescent patients refer to mental health clinics for counseling. The prevalence of this disorder is increasing and it is necessary to concentrate on this topic. The comorbidity of conduct disorder (CD) with other emotional and behavioral problems is common. One of the comorbidity disorders for which contradictory results are reported is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Several studies have demonstrated the comorbidity of these two disorders in patients with a younger age of onset, more severe symptoms, and more stable disease. Hence, this study determines the prognostic value of the MINNESOTA MULTIPHASIC PERSONALITY INVENTORY adolescent-restructured form (MMPI-A-RF) for CDs and investigates the effect of comorbidities, such as ADHD. Materials & Methods The sample of the present comparative casual study consisted of 295 adolescents who were selected by purposeful sampling, based on the current and the Kiddie schedule for affective disorder and schizophrenia-present and lifetime for school-age children (6-18 years old) and the final version of the MMPI-A-RF questionnaire. The Mean±SD of all the MMPI-A-RF scores were compared among three groups of patients with CD (n=40), patients with a comorbid diagnosis of conduct disorder and ADHD (n=68 people), and patients with other psychiatric disorders (mood and anxiety disorders). Analysis of variance was used to determine the significance of differences among the three groups. If the deviations were significant, the Games–Howell post hoc test was used to inspect differences between the groups. Results The comparison of CD and CD+ADHD patients with other disorders revealed meaningful differences in almost all the indicators related to externalizing problems. The CD+ADHD group had markedly greater scores on the scales of antisocial behaviors (P<0. 001), aggressive-revised PERSONALITY (P<0. 001), and conduct problems (P<0. 001) compared to the CD group and other psychiatric disorders group. Conclusion The results are consistent with the background and revealed more severe symptoms and more functional degradation in the CD+ADHD group compared to the CD and other psychiatric disorders group. This subgroup can have different risk symptoms, clinical courses, and drug responses. MMPI-A-RF can supply valuable information about the comorbidity of psychiatric disorders.

Objective Disruptive and conduct behaviors are the most common conditions used to help adolescent patients refer to mental health clinics for counseling. The prevalence of this disorder is increasing and it is necessary to concentrate on this topic. The comorbidity of conduct disorder (CD) with other emotional and behavioral problems is common. One of the comorbidity disorders for which contradictory results are reported is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Several studies have demonstrated the comorbidity of these two disorders in patients with a younger age of onset, more severe symptoms, and more stable disease. Hence, this study determines the prognostic value of the MINNESOTA MULTIPHASIC PERSONALITY INVENTORY adolescent-restructured form (MMPI-A-RF) for CDs and investigates the effect of comorbidities, such as ADHD. Materials & Methods The sample of the present comparative casual study consisted of 295 adolescents who were selected by purposeful sampling, based on the current and the Kiddie schedule for affective disorder and schizophrenia-present and lifetime for school-age children (6-18 years old) and the final version of the MMPI-A-RF questionnaire. The Mean±SD of all the MMPI-A-RF scores were compared among three groups of patients with CD (n=40), patients with a comorbid diagnosis of conduct disorder and ADHD (n=68 people), and patients with other psychiatric disorders (mood and anxiety disorders). Analysis of variance was used to determine the significance of differences among the three groups. If the deviations were significant, the Games–Howell post hoc test was used to inspect differences between the groups. Results The comparison of CD and CD+ADHD patients with other disorders revealed meaningful differences in almost all the indicators related to externalizing problems. The CD+ADHD group had markedly greater scores on the scales of antisocial behaviors (P<0. 001), aggressive-revised PERSONALITY (P<0. 001), and conduct problems (P<0. 001) compared to the CD group and other psychiatric disorders group. Conclusion The results are consistent with the background and revealed more severe symptoms and more functional degradation in the CD+ADHD group compared to the CD and other psychiatric disorders group. This subgroup can have different risk symptoms, clinical courses, and drug responses. MMPI-A-RF can supply valuable information about the comorbidity of psychiatric disorders.

The purpose of this research was the comparison of psychological profile of HIV/AIDS addicts with normal persons based on MINNESOTA MULTIPHASIC PERSONALITY INVENTORY-2. The research method was descriptive and causal-comparative. Statistical population of the study was all the HIV/AIDS addicts in Shiraz city, that 22 HIV/AIDS addicts were selected voluntarily. The same number of normal individuals with no history of drug abuse selected randomly as comparison group. Participants based on age, gender and education were matched. The research instrument was MMPI-2 INVENTORY. MANOVA and ANOVA were used to analyse the data. The results showed that in Hs, D, Sc, Pd, Pt and Hy scales there were significant differences between HIV/AIDS addicts and normal persons. The highest differences there were in D, Pt, Hs and Hy scales. But there were no significant differences in Ma and Pa scales between HIV/AIDS addicts and normal persons. Findings revealed the fact that psychological pathology in HIV/AIDS addicts highest than other addicts and this pathologies more increase than past decade.

Objective: The PERSONALITY INVENTORY for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (PID-5), is a trait-based measure of pathological PERSONALITY designed to assess Criterion B of an alternative diagnostic system for PERSONALITY disorders (PDs). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relations among the PID-5 and the MINNESOTA MULTIPHASIC PERSONALITY INVENTORY-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF),a commonly used self-report instrument with a hierarchical structure. Method: We examined the joint structure of the PID-5 scales along with levels of the MMPI-2-RF hierarchy to understand whether conceptually expected structures tend to be loaded with each other. Data were collected from 536 participants from the general population of Iran. Results: Findings of Pearson’s correlation analyses exhibited the generally expected patterns between the two mentioned measures on most scales, with some divergences. Similarly, although applying a set of joint exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) exhibited some factor loadings for PID-5 facets within the hierarchical framework of MMPI-2-RF scales that were different to what was theoretically expected, both measures were generally loaded in a conceptually expected way, indicating that they have a similar dimensional structure. Conclusion: Our findings provide support for adequate convergence of maladaptive PERSONALITY traits and psychopathology structures, as well as for utilizing MMPI-2-RF to measure PERSONALITY psychopathology from a dimensional perspective. The implications of these results are discussed by the authors.

Background and Objectives: Studies have linked the presence of hostility to some major diseases. However, it's believed that the conventional questionnaires are not capable of assessing the pure hostility. Hostile attitude scale (HAS) questionnaire is a newly developed means claimed to be appropriate in evaluation of pure hostility. This study aimed at evaluation of the HAS amongst a sample Iranian population.Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty male students of Tabriz Medical Faculty were questioned by the HAS and the hostility section of the MINNESOTA MULTIPHASIC PERSONALITY INVENTORY -2 (MMPI-2) questionnaires. The internal consistency of the HAS (Cronbach's alpha) and its criterion validity in comparison with the MMPI-2, as well as the correlation between the two scales was determined.Results: The mean age of the recruited persons was 23.29±1.25 (21-26) years. The internal consistency of the original HAS was not acceptable (Cronbach's alpha=0.586). The question 14 turned to be a weak contributor to the scale's internal consistency and subsequently dropped from the scale. This revised HAS was not correlated with the MMPI-2 (Pearson's rho=-0.054, P=0.514). According to the revised scale, 15.3% of the students categorized as hostile (revised HAS score³87.05).Conclusion: This study showed that the HAS is not validated enough in Iranian male student population; however a revised version would be reliably employed for determination of the hostile people.