Background: Gastric ulcer is a major public health problem with a high morbidity of approximately 5–10%. Natural compounds with potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities may offer good gastrointestinal protection. Linalyl acetate (Lin) traditionally used for the treatment of various diseases for decades. In this study, we assessed the gastroprotective action of Lin against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats and explored its potential mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats separated into 5 groups: I (sham), II (gastric ulcer), and III–V (Lin + gastric ulcer). Group II orally treated with ethanol 90% (1 ml/200 g). Groups III–V pretreated with three different doses (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) of Lin. After an hour, the groups III–V fed with ethanol 90%. After another hour, all rats sacrificed. Then, gastric tissues examined through macroscopic evaluation (gastric ulcer index and protection index) and total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Furthermore, pH value and gastric juice volume assessed in pylorus ligation model. Results: Pretreatment with Lin at doses of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg (orally) significantly decreased ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injuries [number of ulcers, severity of gastric ulcers, and ulcer Index] in rats. Pretreatment with Lin also decreased the gastric ulcer by decreasing the gastric juice volume and gastric TOS. Conclusions: These results suggest that the administration of Lin promotes protection against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats likely by the decreasing of the gastric juice volume and gastric TOS.

The genus of salvia represents 58 species in Iran, 17 of which are endemic. One of the more distributed species is Salvia Mirzayanii Rech. f. & Esfand. Essential oils isolated by hydro-distillation from the aerial parts of Salvia Mirzayanii, in flowering stage (April-2002) from Khash, were analyzed by GC/MS. Twenty-eight components were identified that approximately constituent more than 99.1 % of the oil. The main constituents of the essential oil were linalool 19%, linalyl acetate (12.9%), 1,8-cineol(12.l%), terpinenyl acetate (11.5%) as the major constituents respectively.

The essential oil constituents of the peel and leaf of Citrus aurantiumL. (Rutaceae) grown in the north of Iran, were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Fourteen components representing 99.6% of the leafoil were identified. The major compounds were linalool (39.4%), linalyl acetate (38.8%) and a-terpineol (7.2%). Twenty constituents consisting 99.4% of the peeloil were identified. The main components were limonene (91.3%), b-myrcene (3.0%) and linalool (1.1%).

Salvia mirzayanii Rech.f. & Esfand. is a medicinal plant from the Lamiaceae family, which has long been of interest to the industry due to its medicinal properties and various metabolites, including terpenoids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, fatty acids, and sterols. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of foliar spraying of amino acid with concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 ml/l and humic acid with concentrations of 0, 5, 10, and 15 gr/l along with irrigation water on essential oil compounds and plant growth. The results showed that humic acid (15 ml/l) and amino acid (0.5 ml/l) increased fresh weight, dry weight of leaves, number of inflorescences, and weight of inflorescences, and a further increase in the amino acid level caused a decrease in the measured agricultural characteristics. The use of humic acid 15 mgr/l caused the increase of 5-neo-sedranol, α-terpinyl acetate, bicyclogermacrene, and linalyl acetate as the main components of the essential oil to the extent of 37.5, 20.6, 32.5, 94.1 and 22.7% compared to the control respectively. The amount of 5-neo-sedranol and bicyclogermacrone decreased with the increase of amino acid. Amino acid treatment of 1.5 ml/l increased the percentage of linalyl acetate (40.98%), α-terpinyl acetate (18.06%), and linalool (10.71%) compared to the control. According to the trend of changes in the percentage of essential oil compounds and the measured agricultural characteristics, it is suggested to use the level of 0.5 mg amino acid and 15 mg of humic acid to reach the most desirable quantitative and qualitative yield of Salvia mirzayanii.

Salvia mirzayanii Rech.f. & Esfand. is a medicinal plant from the Lamiaceae family, which has long been of interest to the industry due to its medicinal properties and various metabolites, including terpenoids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, fatty acids, and sterols. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of foliar spraying of amino acid with concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 ml/l and humic acid with concentrations of 0, 5, 10, and 15 gr/l along with irrigation water on essential oil compounds and plant growth. The results showed that humic acid (15 ml/l) and amino acid (0.5 ml/l) increased fresh weight, dry weight of leaves, number of inflorescences, and weight of inflorescences, and a further increase in the amino acid level caused a decrease in the measured agricultural characteristics. The use of humic acid 15 mgr/l caused the increase of 5-neo-sedranol, α-terpinyl acetate, bicyclogermacrene, and linalyl acetate as the main components of the essential oil to the extent of 37.5, 20.6, 32.5, 94.1 and 22.7% compared to the control respectively. The amount of 5-neo-sedranol and bicyclogermacrone decreased with the increase of amino acid. Amino acid treatment of 1.5 ml/l increased the percentage of linalyl acetate (40.98%), α-terpinyl acetate (18.06%), and linalool (10.71%) compared to the control. According to the trend of changes in the percentage of essential oil compounds and the measured agricultural characteristics, it is suggested to use the level of 0.5 mg amino acid and 15 mg of humic acid to reach the most desirable quantitative and qualitative yield of Salvia mirzayanii.

Lavender has garnered interest because of its potential therapeutic effects. The objective of this research was to examine the healing properties of corn starch nanoparticles that contain lavender extract on skin wounds in Wistar rats. The scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscopy, and dynamic light scattering techniques were utilized. The analysis revealed that the nanoparticles have a diameter of around 60 nm and exhibit a spherical morphology. Furthermore, a histological investigation was conducted by procuring tissue samples from the wound site on days 3, 7, 14, and 21 after the surgical procedure. Statistical studies were performed to ascertain the mean wound area, rate of wound healing, and percentage of wound healing among the different treatment groups. The data were analyzed using the TUKEY and Duncan multiple range tests in the SAS statistical software to discover statistically significant differences and evaluate intergroup variances across different time points. In addition, the group that received the 5% nanoformulation treatment showed healing percentages of approximately 60%, 86%, and 100% on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days, respectively, as compared to the day the wounds were formed. The results indicate that maize starch nanoparticles containing lavender extract have beneficial and efficient capabilities for enhancing wound healing.

Streptococcus pyogenes type a (GAS a) is a gram-positive bacterium and the most important group of streptococci. Streptococcal pharyngitis requires appropriate antibiotic treatment to prevent transmission and side effects at the same time as consumption and subsequent consequences. The aim of this study is bioinformatics investigation of active compounds of 16 medicinal species on tyrosine phosphatase enzyme (SP-PTP). This research was done using descriptive-analytical method. For this purpose, at first, 850 phytochemical compounds in 16 plant species including thyme, aloe vera, clove, cinnamon, barberry, eucalyptus, ginger, hyssop, sage, nettle, turmeric, fleawort, violet, oregano, licorice and mangrove were collected from articles and their chemical formulas were obtained from PubChem database. The desired protein was downloaded from the PDB server. After that, preparation of protein and natural compounds (ligand) were performed for molecular docking analysis by DS Visualizer, Chimera5 and AutoDockToolssoftwares. Then, the active site was detected using castp online server and PyMOL software, molecular docking of plant compounds and desired protein was done with Auto Dock Vina software. The results were analyzed by lig plot+ and Discovery Studio 2.1 softwares. After that, physicochemical properties of compounds were obtained from the Swiss ADME server and the toxicity class of compounds was determined based on Lipinski's rules using Toxtree software. Among the investigated compounds, 19 compounds including 5'-Methoxyhydnocarpin, Linalyl acetate, 1,3-diisopropylnaphthalene, Ellagic acid, Umbelliferone, Carnosol, Berberine, Berlambine, Tannin, Quercetin, Aesculetin, Apoatropine, Coumarin, e-Coumarin showed the highest rate of tyrosine phosphatase enzyme inhibition. The compound alpha-Bourbonene has low absorptivity with the advantage of low mutagenicity. Considering results of this research, it can be concluded that among the most important studied compounds, the Linalyl acetate compound in the fleawort with the highest interaction and having suitable characteristics such as low mutagenicity, high gastrointestinal absorption and following Lipinski's law can be considered as a suitable compound for inhibition of this bacteria.