In this research work, seven seeded grape cultivars were crossed with four Iranian seedless grapes to produce new superior seedless grapes as a table grape as well as raisin. Crosses were resulted in 1400 progenies in which 322 progenies in 2010 and 419 progenies in 2011 were evaluated and compared with their own seedless parents as well as cultivars such as Perlette and Flame seedless. Progenies were divided into four grapes of seedless, semi seedless, semi seeded and seeded ones. Some seedless progenies had large berries with good attachment of berries to bunch stem and convenient berry density. Among all studied genotypes; B182, N191, J107, B180, K79, C88, L55, A170, M90, L196 & L207 were completely seedless in which B182 had largest berries(2. 2gr). Some other genotypes such as J113, M91, S66, I116, A201, C95, J69, E159 & N165 were recorded as semi seedless ones in which J113 had largest berries (2. 9gr).

The anthocyanins of Siahe Sardasht variety (Vitis vinifera L. var. S.S.) were extracted from freezed samples and were purified by adsorption on cationexchange resin column. Individual pigments were separated by TLC on cellulose plates. Monomeric anthocyanin content that was determined by pH-differential, was 1740.11±3.58 mgL-1 (based on malvidin 3-glucose). Five major pigments were identified by 1H-NMR, IR and UV-Visible spectroscopies. All pigments were acylated with acetyl groups and three of them were acylated with malonyl groups.

Background and Objectives: The objective of this study was to monitor the microorganisms isolated from grapes and its derivative traditional products produced in Iran.Material and Methods: Four kinds of grapes cultivated summer of 2010 in vineyard of Takestan and also grape derived products from Shahrod, Hamedan and Takestan were used for this study. The samples were cultured in specific media to isolate the microorganisms that might grow on or pollute the products.Results: Species of bacteria and fungi isolated from 4 kinds of grapes cultivated in Takestan graveyards and also from 2 kinds of derived traditional products; grape sap and sour grape (abe-ghure locally named), were taken from Takestan, Shahrod and Hamedan cities. Also, bacteria Bacillus spp., Micrococcus spp., Clostridium spp., and fungus of Penicillium spp., and Aspergillus spp. were isolated.Conclusion: The isolated bacteria were common microorganisms that grow in soil or in the organic fertilizer and may appear from the environments that samples were collected. These bacteria were not pathogenic to human. The fungus isolated from the grapes may harm humans as they produce toxin. The results suggested that bacterial diversity on grapes and its derived traditional products are expected to be monitored and described in all Iranian graveyards as Iran has been known as one of the world’s biggest grape producers.

Along history, women were under hard afflicting oppressions and injustices. The rights women benefit today, is the result of the struggle of great people who did hard attempts for women’s rights. On this way, not only were women after social equality, but also some men worked following the same goal. So, the present paper considers the feministic opinions of John Stein Beck, the male worldwide famous writer. Beck’s canonical novel The Grapes of Wrath is analyzed by content to examine the significance of women’s rights and social roles in the writer’s world view. The process of the establishment of the feminist tendencies in the western societies and the importance of the women’s social roles are finally depicted to be two Beck’s priorities in his The Grapes of Wrath.

In order to investigate the viscoelastic properties of Thompson seedless grapes in ripening, relaxation tests were carried out on whole berry, flesh and skin of the fruit. Samples were harvested weekly from a grapevine for seven consecutive weeks and relaxation test was done using a texture analyzer after sample preparation. The first term of generalized Maxwell model with three elements was determined using a series of assumed data and then the experimental data were evaluated by the model. The results showed that the magnitude of initial stress (stress at time zero) required to create a fixed strain on whole fruit decreases during ripening period when oBrix of the fruit increases from 16.0±0.45 to 22.5±0.25, but the relaxation time remains almost constant at the range of 41.681 to 45.630 s. Based on results, elastic behavior of the skin enhances and firmness of flesh increases during fruit growth and ripening. According to the results, the skin as compared with the flesh plays a main role on the behavior of viscoelastic alterations of whole fruit. Also on the basis of results obtained by non-linear regression analysis, amount of elastic components of the model raises for flesh and declines for skin and whole berry through ripening. The generalized Maxwell with three elements was the best in fitting experimental data with highest determination coefficients.

Regarding the scarcity of water resources in arid regions of the world, using more efficient irrigation systems is essential in agriculture. Possible option for improving agricultural water productivity is the irrigation method using steam- pottery system. This study introduces a new method of pottery irrigation system that is capable of transferring moisture and nutrients into the soil. The experimental system consisted of two clear plexiglasses with the dimension of 130 × 40 × 40 cm. The clay pipes were used in each of the boxes had the same dimensions (length 90 and diameter 5 cm). Perlite-coco peat is used as a soil. The volumetric moisture content of the soil was measured by using an analog moisture meter. The data recorded by the sensors were analyzed in both the steam-pottery system, and the water-pottery system. The results show that the distribution of moisture is uniform for both of them, in terms of time and space. However, the amount of moisture in the steam-pottery system is less than water-pottery system. The result is that in the steam-pottery system, the water demands of the plant are met, with total water use less than it was in the water-pottery system.  Other advantages of the steam-pottery system over the water-pottery system are that the pipes are not clogged and their service life is greatly extended

Introduction: Yaghooti grape is the earliest ripening grape in Iran and has advantages such as good taste and high heat and drought resistance; but it has highly cluster density. Materials and methods: Physiological alterations of Yaghooti grape in three growth stages, as well as the amount of accumulation of some physiological substances, under the three hormones gibberellic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and abscisic acid. Results and discussion: Abscisic acid hormone had the most positive effect on total chlorophyll and carotenoid levels. The average amount of total chlorophyll was equal to (25.51), (18.76) and (26.16) mg/ml in the pre-flowering, flowering, and post-flowering stages, respectively. Under three hormones, the protein level is greatly reduced by 70%, Gibberellin treatment in the third stage of cluster development caused a 26% increase in carbohydrate level. The guaiacol peroxidase increased under indole acetic acid, but other hormonal treatments decreased the amount of this enzyme in Yaghooti grapes. The biggest reduction was related to gibberellin treatment with nearly 80% of the control sample in the first and second stage of cluster development and 55% in the third stage. The amount of ascorbate peroxidase enzyme was accompanied by an upward trend under influence of abscisic acid. Also, all three hormones almost caused a decrease in catalase enzyme activity in all three developmental stages. Indole acetic acid increased the activity of polyphenol oxidase enzyme during stages. Gibberellin, apart from slightly increasing the activity of ascorbate peroxidase enzyme during flowering, strongly reduced the activity of three other enzymes during all stages.