In this research work, seven seeded grape cultivars were crossed with four Iranian seedless GRAPES to produce new superior seedless GRAPES as a table grape as well as raisin. Crosses were resulted in 1400 progenies in which 322 progenies in 2010 and 419 progenies in 2011 were evaluated and compared with their own seedless parents as well as cultivars such as Perlette and Flame seedless. Progenies were divided into four GRAPES of seedless, semi seedless, semi seeded and seeded ones. Some seedless progenies had large berries with good attachment of berries to bunch stem and convenient berry density. Among all studied genotypes; B182, N191, J107, B180, K79, C88, L55, A170, M90, L196 & L207 were completely seedless in which B182 had largest berries(2. 2gr). Some other genotypes such as J113, M91, S66, I116, A201, C95, J69, E159 & N165 were recorded as semi seedless ones in which J113 had largest berries (2. 9gr).

The anthocyanins of Siahe Sardasht variety (Vitis vinifera L. var. S.S.) were extracted from freezed samples and were purified by adsorption on cationexchange resin column. Individual pigments were separated by TLC on cellulose plates. Monomeric anthocyanin content that was determined by pH-differential, was 1740.11±3.58 mgL-1 (based on malvidin 3-glucose). Five major pigments were identified by 1H-NMR, IR and UV-Visible spectroscopies. All pigments were acylated with acetyl groups and three of them were acylated with malonyl groups.

Background and Objectives: The objective of this study was to monitor the microorganisms isolated from GRAPES and its derivative traditional products produced in Iran.Material and Methods: Four kinds of GRAPES cultivated summer of 2010 in vineyard of Takestan and also grape derived products from Shahrod, Hamedan and Takestan were used for this study. The samples were cultured in specific media to isolate the microorganisms that might grow on or pollute the products.Results: Species of bacteria and fungi isolated from 4 kinds of GRAPES cultivated in Takestan graveyards and also from 2 kinds of derived traditional products; grape sap and sour grape (abe-ghure locally named), were taken from Takestan, Shahrod and Hamedan cities. Also, bacteria Bacillus spp., Micrococcus spp., Clostridium spp., and fungus of Penicillium spp., and Aspergillus spp. were isolated.Conclusion: The isolated bacteria were common microorganisms that grow in soil or in the organic fertilizer and may appear from the environments that samples were collected. These bacteria were not pathogenic to human. The fungus isolated from the GRAPES may harm humans as they produce toxin. The results suggested that bacterial diversity on GRAPES and its derived traditional products are expected to be monitored and described in all Iranian graveyards as Iran has been known as one of the world’s biggest grape producers.

Along history, women were under hard afflicting oppressions and injustices. The rights women benefit today, is the result of the struggle of great people who did hard attempts for women’s rights. On this way, not only were women after social equality, but also some men worked following the same goal. So, the present paper considers the feministic opinions of John Stein Beck, the male worldwide famous writer. Beck’s canonical novel The GRAPES of Wrath is analyzed by content to examine the significance of women’s rights and social roles in the writer’s world view. The process of the establishment of the feminist tendencies in the western societies and the importance of the women’s social roles are finally depicted to be two Beck’s priorities in his The GRAPES of Wrath.

In order to investigate the viscoelastic properties of Thompson seedless GRAPES in ripening, relaxation tests were carried out on whole berry, flesh and skin of the fruit. Samples were harvested weekly from a grapevine for seven consecutive weeks and relaxation test was done using a texture analyzer after sample preparation. The first term of generalized Maxwell model with three elements was determined using a series of assumed data and then the experimental data were evaluated by the model. The results showed that the magnitude of initial stress (stress at time zero) required to create a fixed strain on whole fruit decreases during ripening period when oBrix of the fruit increases from 16.0±0.45 to 22.5±0.25, but the relaxation time remains almost constant at the range of 41.681 to 45.630 s. Based on results, elastic behavior of the skin enhances and firmness of flesh increases during fruit growth and ripening. According to the results, the skin as compared with the flesh plays a main role on the behavior of viscoelastic alterations of whole fruit. Also on the basis of results obtained by non-linear regression analysis, amount of elastic components of the model raises for flesh and declines for skin and whole berry through ripening. The generalized Maxwell with three elements was the best in fitting experimental data with highest determination coefficients.

Drying is one of the most important steps in raisin processing. During this step, initial moisture content decreases up to 15-17% (db) for suitable storage. Achieving optimum drying conditions can affect the processing time and improve raisin quality. Temperature, air velocity and pretreatment are important factors in the quality of the grape drying process. In this research, the effect of temperature at 50oC, 60oC, 70oC, and 80oC, air velocity at 1, 2 and 3 m/s, and four pretreatments (hot water, 5% potassium carbonate, 0.4% olive oil, 0.5% sodium hydracids) and no pretreatment were measured. Diffusivity and activation energy of all treatments were determined. The results of ANOVA showed that temperature, air velocity and pretreatment have significant effects on drying time and average drying rate. Pretreatment has a significant effect on the drying process and decreases the drying time up to 69% at some temperature levels. Also, increasing the temperature decreases drying time up to 66% for some pretreatments. Increasing the hot air velocity decreases it about 8.6%.

GRAPES are one of the most important horticulture products. The different verities of this product is to the extent that its production is possible in different regions and different climates. As far as the Sistan & Balutchestan province is concerned GRAPES production constitutes one of the most important horticulture products of the province. As regards the marketing the produt is distributed among 12 markets for sale. These markets are composed of the province itsel, the market of adjacect provinces and Tehran. As to the market of GRAPESin the province itself one could Divide it into two sub markets of Sistan & Balutchestan. The results obtained from mathematical models and Shepherd and Fatrell definitions, demonstrate thant the efficiency in Sistan market is 31 percent higher than the Balutchestan market. In comparison with other regions within the country, the marketing of the GRAPES produced in Sistan & Balutchestan province faces more obstacles and difficulties. The negative role played by intermediaries is one of these problems. Other Factors which impediment the efficient the dfficient marketing of the products are: wholesale pricing system, which dosent properly take into account the production costs, undesirable retail pricing system, Which by Charging the costs of decayed products to consumers acts to the detriment of consumers interests. Furthermore, the indfficiencies in packing and transportation and lack of proper processing industries and storage facilities lead to the sharp decrease of the price of GRAPES during the harvest season which in turn acts as a disincentive factor for its production. The paper by indentifying these and other impediments in the way of marketing of GRAPES in the province concludes with recommendations to improve its market share in the markets concerned

The novel as a modern literary genre is generally regarded as the realization of its main character's journey from immaturity to a status of maturity. The character, usually an uncomplicated person unable to cope with the complexities of life at first, gains an insight and understanding to handle his/her complex situation accordingly later in the novel. It is usually agreed in both literary criticism and linguistic criticism of literature that everything about a character should be established from the evidence of the text (see Fowler, 1977 & 1996 and Peck & Coyle, 2002, for instance). In the present study, the language of Tom Joad, the main character in John Steinbeck's The GRAPES of Wrath, was analyzed to reveal how his social position is established and how his transformation from a young farm-hand holding a carpe diem philosophy to a socially-wise reformist with a commitment to bettering the future is substantialized. Oriented towards a linguistic study of literature, the present paper employs Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) as the analytic framework. The findings of the study may be useful especially for those involved in teaching English language through literature.