The Eucalyptus species are exotics in Iran, from Myrtaceae family and are planted widely in most countries for their fast growth, tolerant to poor soils and other excellent characteristics. Therefore, Eucalyptus seedling propagation is very important in Iran due to its role in extending forest plantation. Sexual and asexual propagation by seeds and cuttings causes problems due to high variable progenies and presence of rooting inhibitors in adult tissues, respectively. So, in vitro micropropagation techniques were used to prevent these problems. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of growth regulators on shoot explants sampled from E. melliodora seedlings (internod segments).The experimental design was Randomized Complete Blocks (RCB) with nine treatments (BAP: 0.1, 9.6, 1.0 mgl-1 and 2ip: 0.5 and 0.6 mgl-1) and five replicates and five explants at each plot. The regenerated shoots were treated with GA3 (0.05 mgl-1), BAP and 2ip to increase their length growth. For rooting seven treatments of 2,4-D and NAA were applied at four concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mgl-1) Although the effects of different growth regulators on regenerated shoot growth characteristics (length, number, weight and fresh shoots and bud numbers) were significant, but the effects of both growth regulators and GA3 were only significant on shoots length. The best treatments for explants shooting were: BAP+2ip (0.1, 0.5 mgl-1), BAP (0.1 mgl-1), BAP (0.6 mgl-1), 2ip (0.5 mgl-1) and 2ip (0.6 mgl-1), respectively. The best medium for rooting was the one without growth regulator where there was minimum callus and no aerial roots. Application of NAA concentration at 0.1 mgl-1 resulted in highest rooting. After climate hardening of the plantlets, they were transferred to soil and started a normal growth after a long period.

Micropropagation of E. gongylocarpa Blakely through bud culture was investigated. Different treatments of sterilization, establishment, shooting and rooting were studied. The best sterilization treatment for seeds was 0.5% Benomyl solution for 15 min, washing with detergent and then under running water for two hours, 70% ethanol for 20 seconds and 2% Naocl for 20 min. MS medium containing half strength of nitrate, 0.1 mg-1 BAP, 0.2 mg-1 Kin, 0.01 mgr-1 IBA and 0.25 mg-1 GA3 with 100 mg-1 PVP were selected for shoot establishment and multiplication. The best rooting, observed in MS medium including 1 mg-1 IBA with 2.5 g-1 activated charcoal. The micropropagated plantlets established in the greenhouse successfully.

Present study deal with to ability of two Eucalyptus species (Eucalyptus Microtheca, Eucalyptus camaldulensis) for Pb and Cu absorption from pollutant soil. To design a test, the 6-months seedlings of Eucalyptus were selected from seedling with similar quality. To heavy metals test, three treatments of Cu (5, 10, 20 mm) using CuSO4 and three treatments of Pb (50, 100, 200 mm) using Pb(NO3)2 were choosing to adding soil (loam) pots. Then sampling were done from leave, root and stem of two species in 3 repeat. Dry acid digestion method was used to prepare the samples. The concentrations of heavy metals in the samples were analyzed using ICP-OES. Results between two species showed that totally there is no significant difference between two species (Eucalyptus Microtheca, Eucalyptus camaldulensis) in Pb and Cu absorption. But result of comparing between different concentrations and organs indicated roots showed better function and in this regard E. camaldulensis illustrated better results. As Maximum Pb absorbtion in root of two species (E. camaldulensis and Eucalyptus Microtheca) are 4323. 3, 3226 mg/kg respectively and Maximum Cu absorbtion in root of two species are 1382/2, 846 mg/kg respectivel. Also, there is significant difference between absorption and threshold limit in two species that showed this species has a good ability for phytoremediation and removal pollutant from soil.

Two Eucalyptus species, E. stricklandii Maiden. and E. erythrocorys F. Muell were cultivated on 1994 in south-western of Iram (Khozestan), were collected on April 2004. The essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation from the leaves of were analyzed by GC and GC/MS.The main components identified in E. stricklandii oil were 1,8-cineo1e(72.2%), a-pinene (12.2%) and terpinen-1-o1 (2.8%), and in E. erythrocorys were 1,8-cineo1e (80%), a-pinene (5.7%) and terpinen-1-01 (2.2%).High content of 1,8-cineo1ein our cultivated plants and uses of this compound in pharmacy industry is a reason of our investigation. This paper now reportes for the first time the results of the analyses of leaf oils of E. stricklandii Maiden., and E. erythrocorys F. Muell., growing in Iran.

Eucalyptus (E. camaldulensis Dehnh) is one of the major plant species in Iran covering vast areas of plantations. This is a fast-growing species with high tolerance to harsh environmental conditions. Nevertheless the water deficiency in soil can be effective on the quality and quantity of plant growth. To study the effect of soil drought stress on water relationship in Eucalyptus (E. camaldulensis Dehnh), an experiment was carried out using weight and drainage Lysimeters in natural condition. The trials were implemented in Shahid Sadoghi control desert research station in Yazd for three years. The experiment was done with three treatments, 100% (control), 70% (medium stress) and 40% (high stress) field capacity (FC) in three replicates as complete randomize design. The results showed that the plant physiological behaviors including water potential, relative water content (RWC) and soluble sugar in leaves were affected by water availability for plant. Increasing the amount of soil moisture was not significantly effective on soluble sugar levels in roots and leaves proline levels (P-value>0.05). By increasing the amount of soil moisture, the relative water content (P-value<0.001) increased. Increasing the amount of soil moisture reduced the water potential (P-value<0.001) and the amount of soluble sugars in leaves (P-value<0.001). These results showed that the osmotic adjustment through increases of soluble sugars in leaves, decreased the leaf water potential and increased drought resistance in this plant, although this ability is low. With these conditions, this plant could not be considered as drought-resistant plant.

Background: The leaves of Eucalyptus globulus (eucalyptus) are used for treatment of diabetes mellitus in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of eucalyptus in treatment of established systemic infection withCandida albicans in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Methods: Sixty normoglycemic male Wistar rats, weighing 200-250 g, were selected and randomly divided into six groups (n=10): normal control, control+C. albicans, control+eucalyptus+C. albicans, diabetic control, diabetic+ C. albicans, diabetic+eucalyptus+C. albicans. Diabetes was induced after a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg body weight) and eucalyptus was added to the diet (62.5 g/kg) and drinking water (2.5 g/L) of treated animals for 4 weeks. The concerned groups were inoculated withC. albicans 15 days after diabetes induction. At the end of one month experiment, fasted rats were killed by cervical decapitation.Blood was collected from neck vein for estimation of glucose.C. albicans concentrations were estimated in liver and kidneys using serial dilution culture of tissue homogenates.Results: Eucalyptus administration significantly improved the hyperglycemia, polydipsia, polyphagia, and it also compensated weight loss of diabetic rats (P<0.05). Moreover, eucalyptus caused a significant reduction in C. albicans concentration in liver and kidney homogenates (P<0.01).Conclusion: The results revealed that eucalyptus improves Candidia infection in normal and diabetic rats that in some ways validates the traditional use of this plant in treatment of diabetic patients.

The essential oils isolated by hydro-distillation from the leaves of Eucalyptus torquata and Eucalyptus leucoxylon were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The main components identified in E. torquata oil were 1,8-cineole (63.3%), α-pinene (11.1%) and (Z,E)-farnesyl acetate (7.8%), and in E. leucoxylon oil were 1,8-cineole (88.9%), terpin-1-o1 (3.7%), the oil yield were 1.11% and 1.54% respectively. The chemical composition of the oils with high content of 1,8-cineole are classified as a "eucalyptol or medicinal" type. This paper now reports for the first time the results of the analyses of leaf essential oil of E. torquata and E. leucoxylon which have been adapted after ten years in southwest of Iran.