Nanoparticle of Silver, with creating free radicals, can destroy many bacteria, viruses and fungi; therefore they have been recommended as a disinfectant in livestock’s production system. In this study 240 Ross 308 strain chicks in a completely randomized design (CRD) in four treatments at 0(control), 4, 8 and 12 ppm levels of silver nanoparticles in drinking water with four replicates within 16 separate floor pens and 15 birds in each pen were reared. At the end of growing period from each pen two broilers with the average weight were selected and after taking blood sample, sacrificed and their kidney were examined with light microscope by H&E staining. Histopathology showed dose depended changes such as congestion, presence of inflammatory cells including heterophile and lymphocytes, necrosis in tubular cells, proliferative glomerulonephritis and fibrosis. Lesions in the treatments 3 (8ppm) and 4 (12ppm) were more sever than the group 2 (4ppm). Also, increased serum uricacid in treatment 4 (12ppm) compared to control group was significant (p<0.05). It can be concluded that using of NANOSILVER higher than 8ppm in drinking water can induce sever lesions in kidney of chickens.

Background: Although silver can be used as an effective water disinfectant, it has some disadvantages such as its high costs and darkening of the skin and mucous membrane due to long- term exposure to high silver concentrations. Nanotechnology can solve such problems through reduction of silver content. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of NANOSILVER on removing the coliform bacteria from contaminated water.Materials and Methods: This bench-scale experimental study was carried out in a batch system on artificially contaminated water samples prepared by adding 5 ml effluent to 60 liters of tap water. In each run, the NANOSILVER suspension (30-180mgL-1) was added to 6 containers (500 ml) of contaminated water and then a sample was taken every 20 minutes for a 100-minute period and tested for coliform according to the standard methods book.Results: Results revealed that the coliform bacteria removal significantly increased with increasing the contact time of nonosilver (P=0.001), but there was no significant correlation between the NANOSILVER concentrations and coliform removal (P=0.6). The maximum coliform removal (92.41%) was achieved within 100 minutes contact time for 60mgL-1 of silver.Conclusion: Although NANOSILVER treatment is effective in removing coliform from contaminated water, further researches are required to study the efficacy of drinking water disinfection.

Introduction: Influenza is a viral infectious disease with frequent seasonal epidemics causing world-wide economical and social effects. Due to antigenic shifts and drifts of influenza virus, long-lasting vaccine has not been developed so far. The current annual vaccines and effective antiviral drugs are not available sufficiently. Therefore in order to prevent spread of infectious agents including viruses, antiseptics are considered by world health authorities. Small particles of silver have a long history as general antiseptic and disinfectant. Silver does not induce resistance in microorganisms and this ability in Nanosize is stronger.Materials and methods: The aim of this study was to determine antiviral effects of NANOSILVER against influenza virus. TCID50 (50% Tissue Culture Infectious Dose) of the virus as well as CC50 (50% Cytotoxic Concentration) of NANOSILVER was obtained by MTT (3- [4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide, Sigma) method. This compound was non-toxic to MDCK (Madin-Darbey Canin Kidney) cells at concentration up to 1 mg/ml. Effective minimal cytotoxic concentration and 100 TCID50 of the virus were added to the confluent cells. Inhibitory effects of NANOSILVER on the virus and its cytotoxicity were assessed at different temperatures using Hemagglutination (HA) assay, RT-PCR (Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction), and DIF (Direct Immunofluorescent). RT-PCR and free band densitometry software were used to comparethe volume of the PCR product bands on the gel.Results and Discussion: In this study it was found that NANOSILVER has destructive effect on the virus membrane glycoprotein knobs as well as the cells.

Silver ion has been used for centuriesto prevent and treat a variety of diseases and infections. In recent years, extensive studies have been undertaken on the use of antimicrobial properties of silver, incorporated within medical devices. The aim of this study was to prepare a formulation containing silver ion, which could be applied for wound dressing. The purity of NANOSILVER was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The purity was determined to be 96.80%±0.01. The "serial dilution method" was used to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of NANOSILVER, on microorganisms such as staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The MIC of NANOSILVER solution was 15.12 mg/ml. In order to design a hydrogel formulation, different formulations, using HPMC K15M, were made. Next, the best formulation (at 2% w/w) was selected, based on attractiveness, homogeneity and flexibility. This formulation was used for the preparation of the next formulations, containing various percentages of two types of plasticizer. Again, the best formulation was chosen. In order to increase the thickness and resistance of the film, another polymer (HPMC K100 or agar), was added to the formulation. For evaluation of the prepared films, different tests including determination of thickness and tensile strength, swelling and water vapor transition were performed. Finally, the best formulation containing 2% w/w HPMC K15M, 0.5% w/w HPMCK 100 and 0.2% triacetin (as plasticizer) was selected. Then, various concentrations of NANOSILVER solution were added to the selected formulation. In this manner, the most suitable concentration of NANOSILVER (4 mg in an area of 100cm2 or almost 1.5 g weight), which had the best antimicrobial effect in the hydrogel films was detected. In the final stage, the amount of silver in the final film was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The obtained result confirmed the amount of silver in the final film.

Today, the use of enzymes and antibacterial protein fibers is greatly favored by researchers to protect textile against microbial attacks, spots, discoloration and to increase shelf life of silk carpets in museums. This study investigates the effect of protease and Nano silver on silk yarn. Silk yarn with 140 Tex as a carpet pile treated with protease and Nano silver in different conditions and their antimicrobial properties against two bacteria, i.e. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was studied and compared.Also, some characteristics of products including weight loss, whiteness index and color indices, have been investigated in SEM images. Using Nano silver alone showed excellent antimicrobial properties against microbes with different concentrations while reduced the whiteness of silk yarn. However, using 2% protease led to enhanced antibacterial properties, and whiteness. On these bases, concurrent use of protease and 30 ppm of Nano silver produced silk yarn with excellent antibacterial properties i.e.100% bacterial reduction.

In recent years natural polymers have been widely used in biomedical applications. Application of natural and biocompatible polymers in wound dressing, medical sutures and tissue engineering are extensively growing. Additional properties are provided when metal nanoparticles such as silver and gold are incorporated in to the fibers. However, nowadays nanofibers due to their inherent properties such as higher surface to area with these nanoparticles are used for biomedical application. In this study chitosan has been converted into nanofibers and the effect of silver nanoparticle on the antibacterial properties of the nanocomposite fibers has been investigated. Chitosan (Cs) /poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) solutions in 2% (v/v) aqueous acetic acid were electrospun. The effects of different total concentrations of polymer solutions and mass ratios of Cs and PVA on the fibers formation and its morphology have been investigated by SEM. Effect of spinning parameters on the nanofiber diameter have been investigated. Fine nanofibers, without bead were obtained from 8% total concentration of polymer in aqueous acetic acid solution and 40/60 mass ratio of Cs/PVA. To improve the antibacterial properties of nanofibers silver was incorporated in to the electrospinning solution by two different ways ie., i) addition of silver nanoparticles into the electrospinning solution and ii) addition of silver nitrate salt and then reducing it to silver.Antibacterial activity of nanofibers against St.aureus as gram-positive and P.aeruginosa as gram-negative bacteria shows that nanofibers containing silver nanoparticles have stronger antibacterial activity than nanofibers without silver.Moreover, cell culture test shows that cells can grow easily on these nanofibrous webs.