Alfalfa with 78631 hectares area in East Azarbaijan province and approximately 6410 hectares in Ahar region is an important field crop in this area. There was no compre-hensive research about the plant parasitic nematodes associated with alfalfa, therefore during 2002-2003, 33 soil samples were collected from alfalfa fields of several locations in alfalfa fields in Ahar region, partly biodiversity plant parasitic nematodes in this crop were identified.Nematodes were extracted by combined sieving and centrifugal-floatation and were transferred to glycerin method. After preparation, microscopic slides were examined under the light microscope. Measurements and drawing of nematodes were carried out using a drawing tube equipped with the micro¬scope. Different species were identified on the basis of morphological characters as well as morphometric parameters and available literature. In this survey, 20 species of 11 genera belonging to suborder Tylenchina included:Boleodorus thylactus, COSLENCHUS aquaticus, Criconemella antipolitana, Ditylenchus dipsaci, Ditylenchus medicaginis, Geocenamus brevidens, Geocenamus nanus, Geocenamus quadrifer, Helicotylenchus digonicus, Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus, Helicotylenchus, Paratylenchus italiensis, Paratylenchus tateae, Pratylenchus scribneri, Pratylenchus neglectus, Pratylenchus thornei, Psilenchus iranicus, Tylenchorhynchus parvus, Tylenchorhynchus striatus, Zygotylenchus guevarai were identified. Finally, COSLENCHUS aquaticus and Tylenchorhynchus striatus are new records of plant parasitic nematodes fauna from Iran.

In order to identify thylenchs species (Superfamily Tylenchoidea and suborder Aphelenchina) in Kerman province, 150 soil and root samples were collected from Kerman province during 2004 and 2005. The samples were washed and the nematodes extracted by centrifugal floatation technique. They were then fixed and transfered to glycerin according to the De Grisse method (1969). The permanent microscopic slides were prepared from the extracted nematodes. Morphological and morphometrical characters of the species were studied by light microscopy. As a resalt, 21 species belonging to several genera Tylenchoidea, three species of Aphelenchides and one species of Stictylus were identified. Among them, Cephalenchus lobus Dhanachand & Jairajpuri, 1980, COSLENCHUS areolatus (Egunjobi, 1967) Siddiqi, 1978 and Rotylenchus eximius Siddiqi, 1964 are new records for Iran.

National Botanical Garden of Iran (NBGI) includes endemic and exotic plants that besides a source of plant genetics, it is considered as a wealthy source for research and education of botany in Iran. The plant parasitic nematodes in some collections including Hyrcanian habitat, Zagros habitat and Medicinal and aromatic garden were studied by collecting soil and root samples from trees, shrubs and annual plants. The nematodes were identified based on morphological and morphometric characters and based on these characters 34 species belonging to 19 genera were identified. Pratylenchus spp. with four species, followed by Helicotylenchus, Meloidogyne and Paratylenchus each one with three species were the more frequent genera. The species of Tylenchidae family showed higher frequency and multiplicity in Medicinal and aromatic collection. Due to infection of Brant’ s oak (Quercus brantii Lindl. ), oak manna (Q. infectoria Oliv. ), Pistacia atlantica and a few of medicinal plants to some species of plant parasitic nematodes i. e. Root Knot Nematodes, Root Lesion Nematodes, Ring and Dagger Nematodes, establishment of new plots with the seedlings free from the plant parasitic nematodes is emphasised. Cephalenchus daisuce, COSLENCHUS capsici from Hyrcanian habitat and Paratylenchus ciccaronei from Medicinal and aromatic garden are new records from Iran.

Introduction: The rose family includes many economically important fruit trees known as stone fruits in the genus Prunus, with a basic chromosome number x=8, within the subfamily Pronoidaea. The subfamily is unique among the rosaceous subfamilies, in bearing a fleshy fruit called a drupe with a hard endocarp, often called the stone. Many Prunus species are compatible with the link. This adaptation is very important in the production of commercial fruit. The purpose of using base-link compounds is that plant materials adapt to soil types and climatic conditions. There are different genera of plant parasitic nematodes in rhizosphere such as Amplimerlinius, Basiria, Boleodorus, COSLENCHUS, Discotylenchus, Filenchus and Psilenchus. Some of them are endoparasites and others ectoparasites. From the economic point of view, fruit-bearing trees are considered to be high-value agricultural products that are cultivated in most parts of the country. Urmia city is one of the major suppliers of fruit in the country. According to Agricultural Statistics in 2013, West Azerbaijan province with 99205. 97 hectares of garden products produces 82. 3 percent of the total land production in the country, which is ranked seventh in the country. Also in the same year, producing 1075465. 73 tons of produce, 74. 6% of the total production of garden products and the third rank of the country. In the year 92, the total amount of the country's garden products (about 227 thousand hectares) is related to the nuclear trees, of which 1. 89 million tons were obtained, accounting for 11. 84 percent of the total production of horticultural products Country is West Azerbaijan province has 2677. 06 hectares of unpolluted levels and 1911. 20 hectares of fertilized surfaces dedicated to nuclear products, of which 105575. 26 tons of nuclear fruit production were produced from these lands. Therefore, due to the importance of nematodes from different aspects such as their high diversity, economic damage to plants in high populations, the intensification of damage to other pathogens in plants, and with regard to the few studies carried out, in particular in the field of plant-parasitic nematodes of the rhizosphere of nucleated fruit trees in West Azerbaijan Province. The aim of this research was to investigate the plant parasitic nematodes associated with stone fruit trees in the Urmia county. Material and Methods: In order to identify plant-parasitic nematodes of stone fruits in Urmia, 85 soil samples were collected during 2013 and 2014. Soil samples were washed and then extracted by centrifugal flotation technique, killed, fixed and transferred to Glycerin by using the method of De Grisse 1969 and Jenkins 1969. The permanent slides were prepared and nematodes were studied by light microscopy, based on morphological and morphometric characters. Result and Discussion: In this research, 11 species of seven different genera of Tylenchidae family were identified as follows: Basiria duplexa, B. macrostriata, Boleodorus thylactus, COSLENCHUS costatus, C. gracilis, Discotylenchus longicauda, Filenchus cylindricaudus, F. vulgaris, Irantylenchus clavidorus, Psilenchus aestuarius and P. iranicus. In this research, the categorization of the Daily and Blacksters, which is provided up to the family level, is considered, and for lower levels, other sources are used as needed, as stated in the text. Among these identified species, Basiria macrostriata from Nazlou and COSLENCHUS gracilis and Discotylenchus longicauda from Somaybradoust were reported as a new record for Iran. Basiria macrostriata was identified by these characters: cuticle coarsely striated being 1. 8-2 (µ m) apart on mid-body region. Lateral field with four crenate incisures. Head almost continuous and rounded. A Slender stylet with the flanged knob. Basal bulb more or less pyriform. Excretory pore situated at 89 (µ m) from anterior end. Spermatheca sac-like and elongate. Slender filiform tail with a pointed terminus. COSLENCHUS gracilis was identified by cuticular annuli flattened indistinct. Stylet knobs small, 7-8(µ m), rounded or slightly elongated. Median bulb spherical, Vagina strongly swollen, slightly anteriorly directed. Spermathecabilobed and containing minute sperm. Annulation on tail indistinct. Discotylenchus longicauda was identified by body straight, maximum width 9-11(µ m). cuticular annuli indistinct. The Lateral field comprising a single ridge formed by two smooth incisures. Stylet thin, cone 1/3 of its length. Median bulb spindle-shaped. Vulva transverse, open. Tail straight, elongated, filiform, gradually tapering to the rounded tip. Conclusion: Among these species in this research, from 11 species of seven different genera of plant parasitic nematodes, Basiria macrostriata, COSLENCHUS gracilis, and Discotylenchus longicauda were identified for the first time from Iran.

During a survey of plant-parasitic nematodes in Bamyan and Mazar Sharif provinces of Afghanistan, several species of plant-parasitic nematodes belonging to infraorder Tylenchomorpha were detected and identified. Filenchus facultativus, Filenchus discrepans, Filenchus elegantulus, Boleodorus volutus, Neopsilenchus magnidens, COSLENCHUS costatus, Ditylenchus myceliophagus, Tylenchorhynchus clarus, Paratylenchus microdorusand Merlinius neohexagrammus are reported here for the first time from Afghanistan. Detailed examination of M. neohexagrammus using SEM microscopy confirmed this species in the genusMerlinius by having a labial disc not marked and with four longitudinal striations on the lip region, amphid apertures located at the lateral edge of labial disc and lateral field at mid-body areolated.

In order to identify the plant-parasitic nematodes (Tylenchida) of fruit trees in Zanjan region, 100 soil and root samples were collected from orchards during 2001 and 2002. The samples were washed and the nematodes were extracted by centrifugal flotation technique. They were fixed and transferred to glycerin according to the De Grisse method (1969). The permanent slides were prepared from the extracted nematodes and some cross sections were made from different parts of the body. Morphological and morphometrical characters were studied by a light microscope attached to a drawing tube. In this study 17 species belonging to 15 genera of order Tylenchida were identified.COSLENCHUS assamensis (phukan & Sanwal 1980) Andrassy, 1981 and Paratylenchus nanus Cobb, 1923 are reported from Iran for the first time.

In order to identify the nematodes associated with fruit trees in Moghan region (orchards), 120 soil and root samples were collected from several orchards in the region during 2004 and 2005. The samples were washed and the nematodes were extracted by centrifugal flotation technique. Then they were fixed and transferred to glycerin according to the De Grisse method (1966). The permanent slides were prepared from the extracted nematodes. After microscopic consideration, the useful measurement and drawings (morphological and morphometrical characters) were made. In this survey, 28 speceis belonging to 19 genus, were identified as follows: Aphelenchoides limberi, A. cyrtus, Aphelenchus avenae, Aprutides guidettii Basiria flandriensis, Boleodorus thylactus, COSLENCHUS pycnocephalus, Criconemoides xenoplex, Criconema informis, Ditylechus kheirii, D. medicaginis, D. parvus, Filenchus afghanicus, F. vulgaris, Merlinius rugosus, Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus, Paraphelenehus acontioides, Parartylenchus tateae, P. nanus, Pratylenchus neglectus, P. thornei, P. vulnus, Psilenchus hilarulus, Rotylenchus cypriensis, Zygotyenchus guevarai, Longidorus iranicus, L. profundorum, Xiphinema indexThree species viz: Aphelenchoides cyrtus and Paraphelenehus acontioides are reported here for the first time from Iran. Paraphelenehus acontioides is separated from the similar species with eight lateral fields and terminal spike or mucro of tail. Aphelenchoides cyrtus is separated from the similar species with four lateral fields, constriction in lip region, number and shape of mucro, length of body and male nematodes.