Objective: Results obtained from literature reviews and human studies have shown the analgesic effects of clove plant in toothache. The present work was undertaken in order to investigate the possible analgesic effect of clove oil in mice.Materials and Methods: Fifty mice were divided into 5 groups: 1) Saline; 2) Essential oil (Ess) 2%, 3) Ess 5%, 4) Ess10% and 5) Ess 20%. The hot plate test (55±0.2 °C; Cut-off 60 sec) was performed as a base record 15 min before injection of drugs (Saline or 2, 5, 10 and 20% concentrations of Essential oil) and consequently repeated every 15 minutes after injection.Results: Repeated measures ANOVA test showed that maximal percent effect (MPE) in animal groups treated by 5, 10 and 20% essential oil was significantly higher than saline group. Comparison between 4 treated groups showed that MPE in 10% essential group was higher than 2 and 5% groups however; there was no significant difference between 10% and 20% groups.Conclusion: The result of present study showed that clove essential oil has analgesic effect inmice using hot plate test. More investigations are needed to elucidate the exact mechanism (s).

In this study an innovatively designed tractor-mounted, ground-wheel driven, triple unit, row crop precision planter capable of planting three rows of garlic (Allium sativum L.) cloves on each raised bed was designed, fabricated and tested. The major components of this planter include; chassis and transport wheels, lister-bedder unit, seed hopper, seed metering drum, sweeper, knocker, seed tube, furrow openers and seed coverers. The metering drums and sweepers are driven by two ground wheels through a chain drive system. Laboratory evaluation of the planter components, especially the seed metering mechanism revealed a satisfactory performance of the planter components, except a few modifications which were needed before conducting field tests. The performance parameters measured/calculated during the field tests included: seeding mass rate, seeding depth, seed spacing, miss index, and multiple index and seed damage. The results showed that the new machine is capable of planting 220,000 plants ha-1 at the seeding depth and spacing of 12.3 and 22.7 cm, respectively. Also, miss index, multiple index and seed damage were measured as 12.23, 2.43 and 1.41 percent, respectively.

Objective: The beneficial effects of clove on toothache have been well documented. We have also previously shown the analgesic effects of clove essential oil. The present work was done to investigate the analgesic effects of the aqueous extract of clove using hot plate test. The possible role of opioid receptors in the analgesic effects of clove was also investigated using naloxone.Materials and Methods: Ninety male mice were divided into nine groups: (1) Saline, (2-4) Aaqueous (Aq 50, Aq 100, and Aq 200) groups which were treated with 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of aqueous extract of clove, respectively, (5-7) Ethanolic (Eth 50, Eth 100, and Eth 200) groups which were treated with 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of ethanolic extract of clove, respectively, and (8-9) Aq 100-Naloxone and Aq 200- Naloxone which were pretreated with 4 mg/kg of naloxone before injection of 100 or 200 mg/kg of the aqueous extract. The hot plate test was performed as a base record 10 min before injection of drugs and consequently repeated every 10 minutes after the injection.Results: The maximal percent effect (MPE) in the animal groups treated with 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of aqueous extract was significantly higher than the control group. Pretreatment with naloxone reduced the analgesic effects of both 100 and 200 mg/kg of the aqueous extract. Administration of all three doses of the ethanloic extract also non-significantly increased the MPE.Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that aqueous extract of clove has analgesic effect in mice demonstrated by hot plate test which is reversible by naloxone. The role of opioid system in the analgesic effect of clove might be suggested. However, more investigations are needed to elucidate the exact mechanism (s).

In this study, the effects of Nano emulsions of clove oil (NCL), nano emulsions of lemonbeebrush plus clove oil (NLBC) and Tricaine Methanesulfonate (MS222) as anesthetic agents were investigated on blood parameters for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The experiments were accomplished by 120 fish with average weight 50± 12 g. The fish were sorted into 3 treatments each with 3 replicates (consisting of 10 fish in each replicate. The treatments consisted of NBLC with 10 mg/l concentration (T1) and NCL with 10 mg/l concentration (T2) and MS with 10 mg/l (T3). Bath method was used for anesthetic bath treatments. The control group was not exposed to any type of the anesthetic. The anesthetics treatments and control were saturated with oxygen. The time to reach the sedation stage was recorded. Fish were kept in sedation stage for 24h and then the chemical parameters of water were measured. 3 fihses randomly were selected from treatments and blood samples were collected through caudal vein. Blood biochemical (Urea, Na, Cl, K) and immunity parameters including (lactate, glucose, cortisol, lysozyme, SOD, ACH50) were measured. The results showd that NBLC can significantly decrease oxygen consuption and ammonia excretion compared to the control (P<0. 05). The results of nonspecific immune parameters showed that NLBC could significantly improve the glucose, lysozyme and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The result of this experiment clearly indicated that, NBLC induced sedation quicker comparing to other treatments, without any mortality. However, the result of this experiment indicated that, NBLC have the most effect comparing to NCL and MS222.