Background & Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between dental noncarious cervical lesions and parafunctional habits such as Bruxism and Clenching. Besides, the relationship between dental premature contact in Eccentric and Centric movements, and noncarious cervical lesions of teeth was studied.Method & Material: The study done descriptively. Two groups of patients were obtained from population visited in the faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad, IRAN. The first group containing 40 patients had Bruxism and Clenching habits, and the second group, containing 37 patients, had no history of these habits, considered as control. Patients in both groups were screened for the wedge-shaped noncarious cervical defects. If present, the teeth were examined for dental premature contacts in Eccentric and Centric movements.Results: The incidence of wedge-shaped noncarious cervical lesions was significantly higher (70%) in the group of patients with Bruxism and/or Clenching habits than the control group. The results revealed that in both groups the frequency of occurrence of dental premature contacts at side was positively correlated with that of noncarious cervical lesions. There were no significant differences in the frequency of occurrence of these lesions between the patients with Bruxism and Clenching habits.Conclusions: The parafunctional habits are very important with regards to the loss of dental tissues and the occurrence of cervical lesions, particularly if prematural contacts present.

Introduction: As bruxism and clenching are important parafunctional habits that cause disorders in masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joint (TMJ), and many patients are unaware of these parafunctions, this study was done to evaluate prevalence of these parafunctional habits and oral related signs.Methods and Materials: In this descriptive, analytic and cross-sectional study, 683 patients came to dental clinics in Isfahan were randomly selected and examined. The examination contained evaluation of history of bruxism and clenching and clinical examination for it including physical examination of masticatory muscles and TMJ, oral exam for finding occlusal wear, shining of amalgam fillings, cheek biting, scalloped tongue borders, tooth mobility, and masticatory muscles' hypertrophy. The data was analyzed and X2 was used.Results: The overall prevalence of bruxism and clenching was 14.6% and 29.3% respectively. 16.8% of females and 12.2% of males had bruxism. The prevalence of clenching had no statistical difference in two genders. In bruxers, dental wear (55%) and pain of masticatory muscles (53%) were the most prevalent signs. In persons with clenching, dental wear (42%) and temporomandibular joint sound (37.5%) were the most prevalent signs.Conclusion: The prevalence of clenching was more than bruxism. In bruxers, dental wear and pain of masticatory muscles and in persons with clenching dental wear and temporomandibular joint sound were most prevalent signs. There was a relation between oral signs and bruxism or clenching. By this consideration, more exactly prevalence evaluation of these parafunctional habits was possible.

Oral habits are learned patterns of muscle contraction and have a very complex nature. They are associated with anger, hunger, sleep, tooth eruption, and fear. Some children even display oral habits for release of mental tension. These habits might be nonnutritive sucking (thumb, finger, pacifier and or tongue), lip biting, nail biting and bruxing events. As these habits can result in damage to dentoalveolar system, hence, dentists play a crucial role in giving necessary information to parents. This information includes relevant changes in the dentoalveolar system and the methods to stop oral habits. Also, a dentist is required to treat the ensuing malocclusion.

BACKGROUND: Sleep bruxism is a common sleep disorder with unclear etiology and no definitive treatment. Recent suggested medications are not often practically used due to their numerous limitations. Based on the fact that sleep bruxism occurs most often in the second stage of non-REM sleep, this study aimed to assess the effect of trazodone on sleep bruxism.METHODS: This pilot study was conducted as a before-after design on 28 children and adolescents with 6-18 years of age suffering from sleep bruxism referring by children and adolescents mental health clinic, children dental specialists and pediatricians. The treatment started with 0.5mg/kg/day. In non-responders, it was weekly added by 0.5 mg/kg/day (with optimum of 2 mg/kg/day). Frequency of bruxism and related morning face/jaw pain were assessed daily from two weeks before (baseline) to four weeks after starting the intervention by the parents/roommate.RESULTS: Findings showed a significant reduction in the frequency of both bruxism and related morning pain from baseline to the 2nd and the 4th weeks of the intervention (P<0.001). Minor side effects such as drowsiness, nausea and dry mouth were seen among approximately one-third of the patients. These side effects were self-limited and tolerable. CONCLUSIONS: Trazodone could be effective in reducing the frequency of sleep bruxism and its related morning face/jaw pain. Well-designed placebo-controlled trials are needed to confirm the results.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of TMJ disorders in a group of patients reffered to Shahed dental school.Material and Methods: A total of 52 patients with TMJ disorders were studied. Patients were evaluated for age, sex, medical history, dental history, socioeconomic status, occlusion, pain, sounds of joint, muscles tenderness, maximum opening, premature contacts, clenching and bruxism.Results: The results showed 35 patients were female and 16 were male. Mid age o.fpatients was 18-49, and most of them were 20-29.The prevalence of TMJ disorders was pain (%78.85) clicking (%73.08). Muscles tenderness (%76.92) limitation of maximum opening (%40.38).Conclusion: Prevalence of TMJ disorders was found to be high in women. Joint clicking and pain were the most common complaints. Correct treatment planning will reduce signes and symtoms.

Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease, affecting multiple joints. Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) are common in these patients. Also, parafunctional habits can lead to signs and symptoms of TMD. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of TMD and parafunctional habits in patients with RA. Methods: Forty patients with RA (according to ACR-1987 criteria) participated in this cross-sectional study. The patients’ information was collected by clinical examination and questionnaire. The DAS-28 criteria were employed to determine the disease severity. Thereafter, the TMD (according to RDC/TMD criteria) and parafunctional habits were compared to the control group (n=40). Results: 85% of RA patients had at least one sign or symptom of TMD. The prevalence of joint sound and jaw deviation in patients with RA were 75 and 27.5%, respectively. These values were significantly higher than the values in the control group. A comparison between parafunctional habits demonstrated that both groups had the same frequency for bruxism and clenching. The masticatory muscle tenderness was reported in 32.5% of RA patients. Conclusion: The prevalence of TMD in patients with RA is considerably higher than in healthy group. Unlike patient’s expressions, more tooth wear and muscle tenderness may indicate the probability of prevalence of bruxism and clenching in these patients.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The habit of grinding teeth together is called grinding and the scientific term is “, bruxism”, . Bruxism usually occurs in deep sleep or when the person is under stress. This motivates the authors to investigate the relationship between stress and anxiety with the rate of free informed bruxism in the present work. METHODS: This research was a cross-sectional study and the population under analysis was adults over 18 years of age who referred to dental clinics of Kerman, Iran, and also people who accompanied them (simple census). The ethical approval code was IR. KMU. REC. 1399. 321. The investigations included questioning the patients about the history of bruxism and clenching. The information was analyzed by chi-square test, using SPSS software with 0. 05 confidence level. RESULTS: The prevalence of self-reported bruxism was 23. 2% and 15. 1% among women and men, respectively. The percentage of clenching alone was 27. 3%, and it was 23. 5% and 25. 6% in women and men, respectively. The prevalence of bruxism and clenching together was 9. 8 %. In patients suffering from bruxism, the prevalence of temporomandibular signs was 24. 6%, the feeling of fatigue, stiffness, or pain after awakening was 23. 5%, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sound was 6. 9%, and limitation in mouth opening was 8. 8%. In patients suffering from clenching, TMJ sound was 5. 8%, oral pain was 8. 8%, and limitation in mouth opening was 10. 5%. Between 365 respondents, people who were aware of their bruxism significantly reported more anxiety. CONCLUSION: Based on the present findings, self-reported bruxism, anxiety, and stress may be associated with each other.

With regards to the high prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD), their side effects and various reported prevalences this study was done to determine the epidemiology of TMD in 260 students of school of dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Random Sampling was done. Age, Sex, malocclusion, pain, sound, muscle tenderness, maximum vertical opening, premature contacts, tooth wear, clenching and bruxism were studied.The prevalence of TMD was 46.5 percent: clicking 22 percent, limitation of jaw movement 12.2 percent, pain 4.7 percent and 7.6 percent had two or three of these symptoms. prevalence of clenching and bruxism was more in females pain was more in Females with clenching. In 52.6 percent which atleast had one of the TMD symptoms, dental procedures were responsible for beginning of TMD. Chewing the hard food caused more pain and clicking.In comparison with another studies, it can be assumed that age, sex, job, geographical and social conditions and the method of study effect the results. Thus, it is proposed to assess TMD in various areas, ages and jobs specially in dental students of another Universities to reveal the causes and problems and try to relieve them.

Objective: Attachments are used for connections between overdentures and dental implants. The maintenance of attachment components plays an important role in optimal clinical service of overdentures. This study aimed to compare the effects of overdenture insertion by hand pressure versus placement by clenching the jaws on the retention and diameter of resilient attachments. Methods: Thirty patients with mandibular overdentures participated in this study. First, the patients were instructed to insert the overdentures with hand pressure. After 6 months, patients were recalled, the nylon matrix components of the attachments were replaced, and the patients were instructed to place the overdentures by clenching for the next 6 months. The retention and internal diameter of matrices were measured at baseline and at 6 and 12 months later. A universal testing machine was used to measure the residual retention, and a coordinate measuring machine was used to assess the matrix diameter. The retention loss and changes in matrix diameter were compared between the two techniques, using paired samples t-test. Results: The results showed that retention loss was lower in the hand placement method than in the clenching method (P<0. 001). The two insertion methods were not significantly different regarding the amount of diameter increase (P=0. 074). Conclusions: The residual retention of the matrices was significantly greater in the hand placement of overdentures along the longitudinal attachment axis, which may result in greater efficacy and longevity of implant overdentures.