Since their appearance, CARTOONs and their creators took interest in social and political facts and figures. Often a more direct witness than a text, CARTOONs were quickly transformed from their initial entertaining role, to a tool to attack oppressors and reveal social injustices. To easily communicate with their public, they had to share the same codes and experiences that lived their audience in the society. Various social factors were sometimes unconsciously transmitted in the drawing through the psyche of the CARTOON’s creator, which was formed during his life, and sometimes consciously applied in the CARTOON’s decoration, appearance or the movement of the characters in order to further elucidate the message. Therefore, CARTOON analysis must take account of all social elements at the time of CARTOONs’ production and reception. In this area, French specialists, especially Roland Barthes are among the leading figures who have worked on the role of socials factors in image analysis. In this article, their opinions are applied to CARTOON analysis in order to better understand the way a CARTOON is intended to send a message to its public.

In the field of multimedia translation, one of the trickiest challenges relates to translation of children’ s CARTOONs. Animated CARTOONs may appear puerile but they can play an essential role in child’ s mental and emotional development and education. Dubbing and subtitling are the main modes of animated CARTOON translations. Each of them interferes into the original version to some extent in order to make it sound natural, educational and entertaining to the target audience. With the use of descriptive method, the present study investigates the translation of twelve animated CARTOON titles from English into Persian in 1980s to early 2000s and compares them in terms of factual beliefs and evaluative beliefs which are proposed by van Dijk (1998). While the former refers to the shared knowledge of the society, the latter is concerned with judgments and values, which constitute ideologies. When a factual belief from source society is replaced by an evaluative belief or opinion in target society, it can be considered as a false factual belief. The results demonstrated that in translation of animated CARTOONs titles, Iranian translators frequently preferred free translation since they changed factual beliefs to false one or replaced them by evaluative ideologies. The effects of such changes on children are inevitable.

Background and Aim: Cortisol is the most important glucocorticoid that increases in stressful situations. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of audiovisual distraction (CARTOON watching) on salivary cortisol among 5-9 year – old children during dental treatment, in a dental clinic in Tehran.Materials and Methods: This matched cross over single blind clinical trial study was performed on fifteen 5-9 year – old children. Patients who had at least two identical counterpart teeth with same treatment plan participated in the study. The children were divided into two groups. In one group in first visit, the treatment was performed under normal dental set up without watching CARTOON films and in second visit CARTOON films was presented during the administration of local anesthetic and treatment, and vise versa. The children were asked to give a total of three Saliva samples in each visit: one prior to dental treatment, one after administration of local anesthetic and one after dental treatment completion. Samples were sent to laboratory and cortisol in saliva was measured using the ECLIA method. Intra group statistical analysis was performed using wilcoxon test and intergroup analysis was performed using Manu witheny.Results: cortisol variation level in visit without audiovisual distraction after local anesthetic administration was 3/3 ± 6/05 and after completion of treatment was 1/6±2/7, in visit with audiovisual distraction after injection was 2/5±9/5 and after treatment completion was 0/5±6/2 .There was no statistical significant difference between two groups. Also sex, age, birth rank, the number of family members, the type of treatment have no influence on decreasing salivary cortisol .Conclusion: Audiovisual distraction (CARTOON watching) has no significant effect on decreasing salivary cortisol during dental treatment.

The aim of this research is to investigate the role of pictorial metaphors in expressing and conveying the message of citizenship CARTOONs. To achieve this goal, in the form of a case study, seven CARTOONs published in Persian-language websites were extracted and analyzed in the framework of conceptual metaphor theory (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980, 1999,Lakoff, 1993) and multimodal metaphor theory (Forceville, 1996,2008,2009). The subject of all these CARTOONs is ‘, the environment’,and the main question of the research is what conceptual metaphors and what pictorial metaphors have been used to express the importance and necessity of environmental protection and what are the source and target domains of these metaphors? The results show that CARTOONs are divided into two categories in terms of their source domain. In one category, the source domain refers to negative and unpleasant concepts (such as smoke and garbage), and their underlying conceptual metaphor is ‘, pollution is death’, . In the other category, the source domain refers to positive and pleasant concepts (such as respiratory aids) and is based on the conceptual metaphor of ‘, tree is life’, . Thus, the conceptual contrast between the tree and pollution on the one hand, and between the concepts of life and death on the other, form the main basis of the CARTOONs message.

Background: Anxiety is a significant psychological challenge for patients newly diagnosed with cancer and scheduled for chemotherapy, potentially affecting their treatment adherence. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of watching the Tom and Jerry CARTOON on reducing anxiety in individuals undergoing chemotherapy for the first time.Method: This pilot study employed a prospective, non-randomized, observational, two-arm, pre-and post-test design involving literate English-speaking patients (test group) and non-literate patients (control group) who were about to receive cytotoxic chemotherapy for their cancer. The test group viewed Tom and Jerry CARTOONs via video systems, whereas the control group was exposed to Kannada movies. An 11-point Likert scale featuring facial expressions assessed patients' anxiety levels three times: 20 minutes before, 30 minutes after, and following the chemotherapy session. Data analysis included frequency, percentage, chi-square tests for patient and treatment data, and repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni correction for anxiety scores at three-time intervals. A P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The anxiety assessment outcomes indicated a significant reduction in anxiety levels among the test group patients who watched Tom and Jerry compared to the control group (P ≤ 0.001). Inter-group comparisons, analyzed using the Bonferroni test, revealed significant differences in anxiety reduction 30 minutes post-viewing (P = 0.001) and after the treatment (P = 0.04).Conclusion: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the efficacy of the Tom and Jerry CARTOON in alleviating anxiety among cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, suggesting broad clinical applicability.

In this research, the effect of isocyanate coupling agent (Hexamethylene diisocyanate) on physical and mechanical properties of old CARTOON fiber / high density polyethylene composite was investigated. Components of composite were compound via melt mixing during extrusion by twin screw, counter rotating compounder. The mechanical and physical properties of composite samples such as flexural strength, tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural modulus, impact strength, elongation at break, hardness and water absorption for 2h and 24h were measured.The mechanical results revealed that, by adding isocyanate base coupling agent, all mechanical properties except impact strength increased. Also, by adding coupling agent, water absorption 2h after and 24h decreased. The SEM observations were shown that, adhesion between old CARTOON fiber and polymer matrix was improved by adding the coupling agent.

The present article is based on a study carried out in IRIB Research Center in 2007. The research was implemented using the quasiexperimental pretest-posttest control group design.The testees were 52 second graders from Jaber ibn-e-Hayyan high school located at Thehran' s Educational District 15. The independent variable in the study was screening a CARTOON called "Rescuing Children", and the dependent variable was the violence on part of the students after watching the CARTOON. The level of violence was measured two times with the space of twelve days.The findings show that watching the violent CARTOON "rescuing children" had effects on the testees' level of physical violence, i.e. the level of violence increased after the students were exposed to the CARTOON.

The aim of this study is to determine effectiveness of CARTOON therapy on relationship improvement between mother and child due to mother type A, B by quasi-experiment. First, the sample, 70 mothers who have common characteristics, have at least 1 child 3-12 years old and in region 22 in Tehran city, filled out questionnaire of types A and B, assessment scale of relationship between mother and child in pretest. Thus, giving kind of type A and B, they divided group that each group divided experiment and witness again. Experiment groups took part in 8 sessions of CARTOON therapy (2 hours) and in the last training, they filled out questionnaires of types A and B of assessment scale of relationship between mother and child in post-test. The results of T-test after examining grades showed that CARTOON therapy has a meanningful effect on relationship improvement between mother and child. In the other hand, the kind of mother’s type (A, B) doesn’t has meaningful effect on increasing and decreasing relationship between mother and child.

Background & Aims: Pain is a personal and subjective feeling and a human experience, which is defined as an unpleasant feeling related to tissue damage, and the process of understanding pain is done by the brain. Providing medical services in children has always been associated with difficulties due to the difficulty in communicating and the ineffectiveness of reassuring methods in children as in adults. Pain and fear are seen in most cases in the provision of health services in children. Surveys show that 87% of children experience pain and stress associated with receiving medical services, which in most cases is the fear of needles and needle-related processes, which is the cause of aggravating anxiety, stress and psychological discomfort in children. It can manifest as crying, screaming, body twisting or muscle tightening. The child's conscious focus on pain causes the perception and feeling of pain to intensify, which in turn causes a decrease in the child's cooperation in the treatment, as well as an increase in the required time and effort required to perform the treatment correctly. There are treatment processes that waste the time and energy of the treatment staff. There are always painful processes in providing medical services to children, which include vaccinations, injections, repairing lacerations, changing burn dressings. Pain, in turn, causes a decrease in the child's participation in medical services and an increase in the required time and efforts required to perform the treatment procedures correctly. To deal with stress and then the pain caused by the procedures, various techniques are used, which are generally divided into two categories, pharmaceutical and non-pharmacological, according to the psychological importance of pain in treatment processes and psychological effects and feedback. Dealing with it correctly In this study, we examined the effect of CARTOONs on reducing pain during stitches in children aged 6 to 3 years who referred to the emergency room of Ali Asghar, Haft Tir and Firozabadi hospitals. Methods: The current study is a randomized clinical trial that was conducted on 218 children aged 3 to 6 years who referred to the emergency rooms of the studied hospitals who needed stitches. Children were randomly placed in two groups, case and control. For randomization, to conduct this study, simple randomization technique was used with the help of coin toss software to assign each patient to the case and control groups. Entry criteria included: child Between the ages of 3 and 6, he was referred to the emergency room of Ali Asghar, Haft Tir and Firozabadi medical centers with a complaint of stabbing injury. Exclusion criteria include: the child's lack of consent, the parents' lack of consent,multiple trauma cases were considered in the case group (case) in addition to the standard treatment i. e. local anesthesia, CARTOONs were also played for them and the control group only with the help of local anesthesia were treated and CARTOONs were not played for them. The child's pain level was asked based on the 10-point FLACC questionnaire in both groups. Quantitative descriptive statistics were expressed in the form of mean ± standard deviation and qualitative descriptive statistics were expressed as percentages. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the social sciences (SPSS) v. 26 software (IBM, New York, United States). Quantitative descriptive statistics were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and qualitative descriptive statistics were expressed as percentages. Due to the sample size, normal distribution was checked with the help of Kolmogorov-Smirnov test with a significance level of less than 0. 001. The comparison between quantitative variables is done by the Independent Sample T-test, and in case of non-normal distribution, using the Mann-Whitney test. To examine quantitative variables with more than 2 categories, One-Way ANOVA test was used for variables with normal distribution and Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to examine variables with non-normal distribution. The comparison between the qualitative variables was also done using the Chi-square test, or if there were less than 5 samples in each subgroup, using the Exact Fisher test. A significance level of less than 0. 05 and a standard deviation of 95% was considered. Results: This study consisted of 218 children who were examined in two control groups (without playing CARTOONs) and case group (group with playing CARTOONs). The average age of the children in this study was 4. 52 years with a standard deviation of 1. 29. In this study, the average age of the control group is 4. 31 years with a standard deviation of 1. 10, and the average age of the case group is 4. 73 with a standard deviation of 1. 12 years, and the control group consists of 62 girls (56. 9%) and 47 boys (43. 1%), and the case group includes 47 girls. (43. 1%) and 62 boys (56. 9%). In this study, in the review, the previous history of this amount in the control group was 82 cases with a history against 27 cases without a history and in the case group 84 cases with a history against 25 cases without a history. Similarly, in the control group, 53 cases were performed without versus 56 cases with presence, and in the case group, 42 cases without presence versus 67 cases with the presence of parents. The average pre-procedure pain in the study participants was 7. 10 points with a standard deviation of 1. 97, which in the control group was 7. 17 with a standard deviation of 1. 77 and in the case group with an average of 7. 03 and a standard deviation of 2. 05. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P-value=0. 564). For post-procedure pain in the study participants, the overall score was 3. 06 with a standard deviation of 2. 13, which in the control group was 3. 42 with a standard deviation of 2. 06 and in the case group with an average of 2. 71 and a standard deviation of 2. 16. In examining the presence of a significant difference between the two groups, a significant difference was seen (P-value=0. 011). Conclusion: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of playing CARTOONs in reducing pain during sutures, and the results indicated that there was a significant difference in post-procedure pain in the case group, so this technique can be used in the emergency room.