Using 48016 synthetic maximum Wood-Anderson amplitudes read from waveforms of 2650 events recorded by stations of Iranian Seismological Center (IRSC, irsc. ut. ac. ir), Iranian National Seismograph Network (INSN, www. iiees. ac. ir) and temporary seismic networks belong to Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS, iasbs. ac. ir), the empirical attenuation curve ( 0  log A ) for local magnitude of Iran has been calculated as follows: 0 log (1. 556 0. 06) log (0. 001637 0. 0009) ( 100) 3 100 R A R              where R is hypocentral distance in km and 0 A is maximum displacement amplitude of shear wave in millimeter. The empirical attenuation relationship is valid for hypocentral distances equal or smaller than 800 km. ML amplitude is the maximum amplitude observed on a Wood-Anderson (W-A) seismogram. We manually picked the maximum amplitudes on the shear window of synthetic W-A seismograms having S/N of larger than 5. We calculated synthetic W-A seismograms by removing the instrument response of each record and convolving the resulting signal with the response of the standard W-A torsion seismograph. We assumed a static magnification of 2080 for the W-A instrument. The selected ML amplitudes are belonging to events at hypocentral distance of 10 to 800 km. Except for the Makran and South Caspian Basin regions, the ray coverage of the ML amplitude covers properly the whole Iranian Plateau. To reduce the scatter of magnitude residues and ensure a reliable calculation of the attenuation curve, the selected events belong to 45 precisely relocated seismic clusters with location uncertainties of 5 km or less. The cluster approach produces redundancy in amplitudes arriving from a cluster to a given station. The redundancy will facilitate easy recognition and removal of possible outliers and thus provide a reliable estimate for the magnitude station correction. The magnitude station corrections attempts to absorb the regional attenuation difference relative to that dictated by average attenuation relationship derived in this work. The calculated attenuation curve shows a larger geometrical spreading for hypocentral distances closer than 100 km, representing a super-spherical geometrical spreading, and a smaller value for intrinsic attenuation for distances farther than 200 km once compared with the currently used ML relationship of Hutton and Boore (1987). Excluding amplitudes with hypocentral distances smaller than 60 km results in a geometrical spreading coefficient close to spherical spreading, emphasizing the importance of near distances data on accurate estimation of the geometrical spreading value. The difference in the attenuation parameters between our results and those of Hutton and Boore (1987) relationship clearly indicates the crustal disparity of Iranian Plateau and southern California. This necessitates using the new attenuation relationship for Iran. We calculated the local magnitude empirical attenuation relationship by inverting the amplitude data set for the geometrical spreadin]g and intrinsic attenuation. We did not consider magnitude station corrections in our inversion to avoid any tradeoff between the station corrections and attenuation parameters. We have shown that the magnitude residuals calculated by our local magnitude empirical relationship do not vary systemically versus hypocentral distance or magnitude. Due to the cluster-wise approach in selection of our events and partially because of the precise location of the selected events, the standard deviation of magnitude residues is about 0. 19, significantly smaller than those reported by others. We calculated the station corrections by averaging the magnitude residual in each station. The station corrections vary between-0. 44 to 0. 32. Generally, stations located in Zagros, Alborz and north west of Iran have negative station correction representing amplitude amplification in these regions relative to central Iran and north east of Iran. The new attenuation relationship provides better estimates for the attenuation parameters and especially provides precise magnitudes at close hypocentral distances. By time, the expansion of Iranian seismic networks reduces the average distance spacing of Iranian seismic stations and thus usage of better local magnitude formula such as ours becomes more important.

This paper describes a new application of a low cost MEMS gyro for small satellite`s attitude determination, as well as a CALIBRATION procedure. Because of space application and there is not linear acceleration in this environment, for the first time g-dependent bias effect on sensor`s data is considered and a new method to calculate the level of this effect and elimination of that is proposed. For this aim one-axis exact rate table is used and a temperature compensation method is proposed to remove the effect of temperature variation on bias and scale factor. This measurement unit contains three orthogonally mounted MEMS gyros. Using one-axis rate table is applied to solve the problem of accessing to the three-axis one. The accuracy of sensor is considerably improved by correction of misalignment error. Experimental results verify the proposed CALIBRATION method of three axis MEMS gyro.

The CALIBRATION procedure of silver activation detectors using a mono energetic neutron source with 5MeV beam energy at FRS of JAERI (Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute) is described in this paper. These detectors are fabricated for measuring fusion neutron burst emitted of z-pinch and plasma focus devices in ASRL (the Atomic Science Research Laboratory).