Linear particle chain impact damper (LPCID) is a kind of impact dampers that the impact masses are placed in a chain along the straight line. This damper is one of a kind of multi-mass impact damper whose performance is superior to single-mass impact dampers. Researches on the performance of the linear-particle chain impact damper have been numerically and laboratorial conducted so far. In addition, no research has ever been done on the type of mass layout at this demurrage. In this paper, an analytical analysis of the performance of the rigid LPCID in free vibrations of a 1-DOF system is carried out parametrically. In this regard, the effect of parameters such as mass number, mass ratio, distance gap, restitution coefficient and type of mass layout on the damper function have been investigated. In order to investigate the effect of mass layout, two types Impact Damper, three-mass and five-mass, are considered. The layouts are uniform, eight, linear, and diamond. After review, it has been determined that the efficiency of diamond layout is better than other layouts.

Khan School is one of the prominent buildings of the Safavid era of Shiraz from the perspective of its architectural features and themes. Meanwhile, the vestibule of the entrance of the school has special decorative features, but until now the reading of the identity components in it has not been done and this is despite the fact that there is a conceptual connection between the body and the theme of the inscriptions and motifs in the space of the vestibule. The research aims to investigate the concepts hidden in the entrance vestibule of this historical building with a descriptive-analytical method, based on field investigations, the documentation and reading of the texts and the contents of the inscriptions of the school have been done to find comparative relationships. The results of the research show that the design of the entrance sides and the bodies of the school and the writing of verses on the walls and its dome cover can express the existence of a relationship between the architectural dimensions and components of Khan Shiraz School in relation to its identity aspects, as well as the opinions and philosophical views of Mulla Sadra. to do Shiite, Islamic and mystical themes in the writing and placement of symbolic motifs and inscriptions are other examples of religious identity. The most frequent themes in the studied inscriptions are: religious themes, animal and plant symbols, mystical themes and mention of the name of the inscription writer, which refers to the Shiite religion and national identity in the Safavid era. Dealing with the issues of ethics, religion, art and science are among the other identity components in the building corresponding to the Safavid period. Some of these motifs and concepts in the vestibule were also influenced by the buildings of the Safavid era of Isfahan.

Megaron- shaped buildings are one of the specific kinds of rectangular architecture which have been used for many centuries, as a common and particular form, within a wide geographical range from West Asia to Europe. These types of buildings were built in central, east, and southeast of Europe, Anatolia, Aegean Cultural Area, and Eastern Mediterranean coast. The oldest remains of Megaron-shaped architectural structures were found in the Middle East on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea or Levant, in an archaeological site near the Jordan River, dating back to the 7th millennium B. C. In addition, the first remains of Megaron-shaped structures in Anatolia were found in the site of ancient Troy (the Hissarlik Hill), which dates back to the beginning of the 3rd millennium and the end of the 4th millennium B. C. The historical and cultural influence of this architectural style can be seen in the architectural traditions of classical antiquity in Greece and Roman civilizations, especially in the construction of residential houses and temples. The oldest written documentary evidence and reference about Megaron, as an architectural structure, has been identified in the Homer poems, an ancient Greek poet. There are hypotheses about the origin of the word Megaron refering it to the Semitic or Egyptian languages, but they have not provided sufficient evidence for their assumptions. Therefore, there is generally more agreement on the theory which the root of the word Megaron is Indo-European. Academic awareness and research around the first forms of this architecture have made major progress since 1870 and after archaeological excavation at west Turkey and Greece. The period in which this architecture was invented and used is synchronous with the widespread social complexity, cultural and economic changes in western Anatolian, Aegean, and Eastern Mediterranean regions. The spread of geographic extent, time period, and functional characteristics of Megaron buildings have led to the formation of different and sometimes contradictory views and opinions about the structure and concepts associated with the architecture of the Megaron. This form of building and its derivatives, in Anatolia and its surrounding territories, are specifically used as religious, ritual or political centers (ceremonial), workshops, public buildings, and especially residential buildings. Hence, in accordance with different functions, many secondary functional structural ingredients have been created. This research was conducted because of the historical background and importance of the Megaron and its role in the history of Anatolian architecture, and is based on official archaeological reports in mentioned areas, and historical sources. It also addresses the issue that how the definition of the Megaron architecture can be redefined considering different and sometimes conflicting views. In this regard, the Megaron is usually a rectangular building or a right-corner construction divided into two sections by two lateral walls, the larger section (main hall), and the smaller one (vestibule). These features, regardless of other features, form the basic skeleton of the structure. In this regard, the Megaron type architecture is divided into two groups of single-structure and complexes. Secondary structures in this type of architecture are divided into two groups: structural extensions and non-structural extensions. In defining this architecture, we should not ignore variable criteria dependent on secondary factors. It should be considered that the Megaron architecture is not a fixed form with definite and absolute elements, but according to efficiency, the era, or geographic location, other functional parts may exist. In this research, in the Anatolian region, considering various indicators and important Megaron structures still more information exists to be explored about these structures apart from 100 and 71 buildings identified, reviewed, and introduced to this date.

Introduction: To find principal factors which affect the development of enumeration, many recent researches have investigated the effect of visual characteristics on counting process. Here we have addressed the effect of arrangement on enumeration process.Method: 37 participants aged between 18 to 30 years old were evaluated. We examined counting speed in three different arrangements of dots in five magnitudes (8-12) which differed in regularity and imaginary lattices between their dots.Results: According to our results, enumeration speed is affected by both arrangement and the set of magnitudes (p<0.001) while irregularity and ambiguity of lattices caused slower enumeration. Furthermore, accuracy of responses was only affected by the number of dots (p<0.001).Conclusion: Taken together, these results show that lattice formation which facilitates groupitizing and subsequently subitizing, has considerable effect on enumeration speed. Meanwhile the more various strategies of groupitizing in arrangements will cause slower enumeration speed, but regularity of arrangements does not guarantee the accuracy of responses.