Introduction: Antibody secretion in human may be the result of the changes in protein structure, or polymorphism in human thyroid peroxidase (TPO) gene that are the reason for presence of the Anti TPO. In this study we examined the association between of A1936/G exon11 polymorphism of TPO gene in respect to Anti-TPO level and in a sample population of Tehran.Materials and Methods: We enrolled 190 individuals with 47±2 y an average age of case-control groups. PCRARMS was used to amplify the segment of exon11 polymorphisms.Results: In exon 11, the genotype frequencies were in conformity with the Hardy-Weinberg expectation. The results of this study show that the frequencies were 0.7298 for the G allele and 0.2710 for A allele. The presence of the G allele is significantly associated with increased anti-TPO level (GG: 238±57 IU/ml vs. AA: 74±33 IU/ml, P<0.05). The G allele frequenc in the group with anti-TPO>100, was higher than that of the A allele.Conclusion: The results indicated that G allele carriers of exon 11 are exposed to increased Anti-TPO levels higher than A carriers.

Introduction: Considering the inconsistent data on the relationship between vitamin D (VD) and autoimmune thyroid diseases, we aimed to investigate associations of VD with anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb). Materials and Methods: For this study, 695 subjects, including 369 women, were enrolled. TPOAb status was compared between different categories of VD deficiency (VDD), and correlations between TPOAb and VD were estimated. Multiple logistic regression analysis investigated the associations between VD status and TPOAb positivity. Results: The prevalence of VDD was 82%. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of TPOAb positivity among different VD groups (p-value=0.18), a finding that did not change when TPOAb titer was considered a continuous variable. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed no significant relationships between VD status and TPOAb positivity. Regarding thyroid function, a weak negative correlation between 25(OH) D and TSH in men and a weak positive correlation between 25(OH) D and FT4 in women was demonstrated. Conclusion: Our study in a population with a high prevalence of VDD revealed no statistically significant associations between serum VD levels and either TPOAb levels or TPOAb positivity.

Introduction: This study examined the effect of adding selenium to levothyroxine on controlling primary overt hypothyroidism and reducing the serum level of thyroid peroxidase antibody. Materials and Methods: This study was a double-blind, randomized clinical trial on individuals with primary autoimmune hypothyroidism. The patients were randomly divided into two intervention (I) and control (C) groups. Group I was treated with levothyroxine plus selenium, and Group C was treated with levothyroxine alone for three months. The anti-TPO antibody titer and serum levels of TSH, T3, and T4 were measured before and after treatment. Individuals were matched according to the season of visit and body mass index. Results: Fifty-three persons with a mean age of 33 years (10% male) participated in this study. Twenty-one individuals in Group I and twenty individuals in Group C completed the study. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding age and gender. In none of the groups, anti-TPO antibody titer did not change significantly before and after the intervention. The serum level of the antibody did not differ significantly between the two groups before and after the study. Following the treatment, Group C was euthyroid,however, the intervention group, despite a decrease in TSH and an increase in T3 and T4, was not euthyroid. The participants reported no side effects. Conclusion: In this study, adding selenium to levothyroxine sodium did not significantly change the serum level of anti-TPO, TSH, T3, and T4 in the patients with overt primary hypothyroidism.

Background and Aim: Depression is a common psychiatric disorder with a high prevalence in military personnel. Recently, the relationship between depression and some hormones has been reported. In current study, the serum levels of anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxin (T4) and thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH) was assessed in people with depression and compared with healthy control adults. Methods: In this case– control study, 45 people with depression who were diagnosed using the Beck depression test and DSM5, were referred to a military hospital. A total of 45 healthy participants who were matched according gender and age with the depression group, were also enrolled. Levels of anti-TPO, T4, T3 and TSH were measured and compared in the two groups. Results: The mean ± standard deviation age was 36. 55± 11. 42 years in the case group and 35. 92± 11. 58 years in the matched control group. There was no significant difference in the mean serum level of antithyroid peroxidase, T3, T4 and TSH between the groups (P≥ 0. 05). There was no linear correlation between antithyroid peroxidase levels and depression severity. Conclusion: As there was not difference regarding anti-TPO antibody levels between the depressed and healthy groups, it appears that anti-TPO antibody may not have a role in depression.

Background and Aim: Hashimoto's thyroiditis is the most prevalent cause of hypothyroidism in children and adults. The disease clinically manifests itself in three forms; namely hypothyroidism, euthyroidism, and hyperthyroidism. The present study was carried out aiming at determining anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody variation before and after levothyroxine treatment in hashimoto's thyroiditis patients.Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, at first patients with firm goiter referring to Birjand glands deficiency clinic between 2005 and 2006 were examined and those with positive anti- TPO antibody were accounted as hashimoto cases. Then, these cases were prescribed a three- month treatment with 100 microgram daily of levothyroxine. At the end of the period, their level of anti- TPO antibody was measured and their clinical conditions were assessed. The obtained data was then analysed by means of SPSS software; statistical tests including independent t, paired t test and chi-square test.Results: Majority (67.1%) of the patients was diagnosed as hypothyroid, and 32.9% were euthyroid cases. The level of anti-TPO antibody in 20% of the patients reached normal level after a period of three month treatment with levothyroxine. Mean anti-TPO antibody level before levothyroxine treatment was 450.74±122.05 IU/mL, which reduced to 236.2±153.96 IU/mL after treatment (P<0.001). Mean anti-TPO antibody level before treatment was higher (P<0.001) in hypothyroid patients compared with euthyroid ones. After treatment with levothyroxine, antibody level in hypothyroid cases also remained higher than that of euthyroid ones (P<0.001).Conclusion: Anti-TPO antibody level in Hashimoto patients with hypothyroidism is higher than euthyroid ones. After treatment, anti-TPO antibody level decreases in both groups but the decrease is more prominent in euthyroid cases than patients who remain hypothyroid. Regarding these facts, it could be confirmed that anti-TPO antibody measurement (as an important diagnostic and follow-up procedure and for prognosis in Hashimoto) will be useful.

Background: Thyroid disorders are common among young women, and hypothyroidism ranges clinically from subclinical to overt disease, potentially causing various maternal and fetal complications. Determining the appropriate levothyroxine (LT4) dose during pregnancy is crucial for maintaining maternal euthyroidism and optimising pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the dose requirements of LT4 in pregnant women with and without a prior history of hypothyroidism, and to investigate the association with Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO) levels. Methods: This hospital-and clinic-based study was conducted from September 2022 to March 2023 among 146 pregnant women attending a private clinic or Golestan Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran. A total of 146 pregnant women diagnosed with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH, n=62) or overt hypothyroidism (OH, n=84) were randomly selected. Participants were divided into groups based on their history of hypothyroidism and received LT4 treatment. LT4 requirements were determined according to trimester-specific TSH ranges: >10 mIU/L or 2. 5-10 mIU/L in the first trimester, and 3-10 mIU/L in the second and third trimesters. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22, employing descriptive statistics (mean±SD, frequency, and percentage) and analytical tests, including the independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Pregnant women with overt hypothyroidism showed a statistically significant difference in mean LT4 dose between those with and without a prior history of hypothyroidism (P<0. 05). In contrast, no significant difference was observed in LT4 requirements among women with subclinical hypothyroidism. TPO Ab positivity was associated with higher LT4 requirements, particularly in women with overt disease. Dose adjustments were most frequent during the first trimester, with incremental increases observed in subsequent trimesters. These findings support individualized monitoring, iodine testing, adherence checks, and coordinated antenatal endocrinology care to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes. Conclusion: Following the diagnosis of hypothyroidism in early pregnancy, LT4 dosing should be tailored according to disease severity, prior history of hypothyroidism, TPO Ab status, and study location to ensure optimal maternal and fetal outcomes.

Babesiosis is classified as blood parasitic disease that is caused by genus Babesia. This parasite is transmitted by hard ticks and blood transfusion and causes fever, anemia, hemoglobinuria and jaundice. Study on babesiosis is important in terms of its public health concerns. This study was performed to evaluate serum changes of thyroid function indices [Anti-Thyroglobulin (a-Tg), Anti–Thyroid Peroxidase (a-Tpo), Thyroglobulin (Tg), Triiodothyronine (T3), Tetraiodothyronine (T4)], Cystatin C and sphingosine 1-phosphate in dogs with babesiosis. For this purpose, 5 ml of blood were taken from the cephalic vein of 35 dogs with babesiosis in several small animal clinics (in Tehran, Tabriz and Mashhad) which were diagnosed based on clinical signs and laboratory tests and the same number of healthy dogs (35) with consent of their owners and after serum preparation, thyroid function parameters (a-Tg, a-Tpo, Tg, T3, T4) Cystatin C and sphingosine 1 phosphate were measured by specific ELISA kits and evaluated statistically with SPSS version 17. The results indicated significant increase (p≤0.01) in all of the measured parameters in comparison with the healthy group (control group). Based on the ROC statistical test, the obtained results indicate that due to the high sensitivity of the method used in measuring the indicators of thyroid function (except tetraiodo-thyronine) and cystatin C, it is possible to use the serum values of the mentioned indicators (Tg, T3, a-Tg, a-Tpo) and cystatin C as possible potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of canine babesiosis.