Objective: Documenting the commission of international crimes and the continuous violation of human rights by the Zionist regime in Gaza during the last few decades, which after the operation of October 7, 2023, is happening with greater intensity and speed, so that the intention to destroy the entire people of Gaza can also be confirmed from its continuation. It is a necessary action in the pursuit of the Zionist regime.Method: This article is a type of developmental research that collects data using a combined (descriptive-analytical) method and using library and Internet documents. The methodology is the analysis of the content of international documents and reports on the documentation of crimes committed by the Israel.Findings: The people of Gaza have been the victims of continuous violations of human rights and international crimes for many years, and after 7 October, with the intensification of what is happening, the destruction of the entire people of Gaza is visible to the world. Conclusion: Analyzing why the Al-Aqsa storm operation and the nature of the crimes committed by the Israel after 7 October 7, will not be possible without examining and analyzing the dire situation of people's human rights in Gaza before this operation. Israel's recent attacks and commitments are consistent with the elements of the crime of genocide, and in this situation, it will be necessary to focus on the capacities of the contemporary international system to uphold the rights of the people of Gaza and combat the impunity of the crimes committed.

Arguing that human rights treaties by their nature are different from other international agreements, this Article deals mainly with such questions as succession of states in respect of human rights treaties and reservations to such instruments.  In contrast to other treaties, which are generally “inter-states exchange of interests”, human rights documents are protective instruments according to which states parties undertake to restrain their discretion as regards fundamental rights and freedoms both internally and internationally. This is why adopting different approach to offer a proper theoretical framework as to the above questions seems to be necessary. In addition to author’s classification of human rights treaties into six categories, the idea of automatic succession of states to human rights instruments and invalidity of certain reservations to these treaties are main contribution of this study.

Background: International law has undergone tremendous changes in recent decades. One of these developments is the humanization process of international law, which has been identified as human rights in the international arena. Human rights have a universal nature and function and are not limited to time and place. Therefore, the ethics of human rights is universal. This category of ethics should be considered in the seas as it is considered on land. Human ethics dictates that all people in the sea have their human rights without any discrimination. There is no reason to deny and disobey the ethics of human rights at sea. Therefore, the present study was formed with the aim of investigating the ethics of human rights in the marine environment. Conclusion: One of the most important areas where the concept of human rights ethics can be applied is the environment of seas and oceans. Among the important cases that can be mentioned in this context are: drug and psychotropic drug trafficking, piracy, maritime terrorism, marine environment, slave trade, common heritage of humanity, immigration and asylum, rights of seafarers and forced labour on ships and vessels and so on. The lack of a comprehensive human rights treaty that covers all the above-mentioned issues in the field of seas is well felt, and there is room for effective measures to be taken in this regard by the relevant international institutions, headed by the United Nations.

In the contemporary era, the concept of "good governance" has replaced the traditional notion of absolute sovereignty by emphasizing responsibility, transparency, and accountability in relation to human rights. This article, using a descriptive-analytical approach, examines the characteristics of good governance from the perspective of international law and human rights. Findings indicate that states must uphold their international human rights obligations by adhering to the principles of good governance, including the rule of law, citizen participation, and social justice. This shift in perspective has led to a transformation in the concept of sovereignty and strengthened international oversight mechanisms. In the field of international law, as in other areas, good governance is not considered an independent or self-sufficient principle but is instead founded upon other values and principles. Within this field, good governance is based on four key pillars: the rule of law, accountability, participation, and transparency. Although other components of good governance have also been identified in the context of international law, it is in the light of the existence and realization of these four primary components that additional aspects of good governance—such as anti-corruption and effectiveness—can manifest and evolve. This study, written with a descriptive and analytical method, aims to explore the role of good governance in realizing human rights. The results demonstrate that the four components—rule of law, accountability, participation, and transparency—are all intrinsically related to human rights and are universally recognized within the international human rights system. Therefore, the concept of good governance in the realm of international law has been effectively integrated under the umbrella of human rights. Human rights provide a strong legal basis for good governance in international law and have rendered it binding upon the subjects of this legal system. With respect to the possibility of realizing good governance in international law, there is little doubt concerning the feasibility of achieving participation, accountability, and transparency. However, since international law is not entirely independent from politics, the potential for fully establishing the rule of law within this legal system warrants further contemplation. The notion of good governance brings together the values of rule of law, accountability, participation, and transparency under a unified concept, allowing each to contribute its capacities to overcoming the barriers faced by the others.

The debate over the fundamental human rights has now been challenged the classic separation of public and private law. Although most countries have rejected this separation, there is no consensus about the way and the model of the application of fundamental human rights on private law. It means that every legal system depending on its special structure, has a different view about the effect of fundamental human rights on private law. By implementing a descriptive-analyzing method of research, this study aims to analyze the basis and the goals of resorting fundamental right in private law and shows the impact of this kind of law in the contract, tort and property law. Subsequently, the status of the subject in the Iranian legal system could be represented. It could be mentioned that in the legal systems of the world, especially in Europe, the effects of fundamental human rights on private law has been definitively accepted and a little remaining disagreement is only about the manner of such an effect. However, in Iranian legal system, because of the lack of constitutional court and reluctance of conventional courts in referencing to these kind of rights to interpret private relations, have caused an ambiguity in the qualification and scope of fundamental human rights. However, in spite of this fact, it seems that the structure of the Iranian legal system has the required capacity to accept the theory of indirect impact of fundamental human rights on private law.