Introduction: Since chronic heart failure is considered as one of the main causes of death around the world, it is necessary to map the intellectual structure of studies in this area. This study attempted to map the knowledge structure of chronic heart failure using document co-citation analysis. Methods: Bibliometric methodology and social network analysis were used as the research methods. The study population comprised 11967 records in the field of chronic heart failure published during the period of 2000-2015, which were retrieved from Web of Science database. The correlation matrix and hierarchical clustering were used for document co-citation analysis. Results: “ Anker SD” , with 194 papers, was the most productive researcher in chronic heart failure. Again, “ Anker SD” , with 12820 citations, was the most cited scientist in this field in Web of Science. “ Bristow M” and “ Cleland J” were the most frequent co-citation pairs within chronic heart failure, with 634 co-occurrences. Conclusion: The intellectual structure of knowledge in chronic heart failure is an evolving structure, and the clusters identified in this study can be included in the curriculum of the field. Furthermore, these results can help policymakers to identify both unaddressed and matured topics.

The researching of contemporary architecture shows that in the recent period, due to modernization in the structure of society, a gap has been created between traditional and contemporary architecture. Resolving the identity crisis problem in architecture requires extensive studies on Identity-Creating Notion in native architecture. For this purpose, in this study, principles have been studied such as the "Illuminated heart" as an expression of transparency in Iranian architecture. The results show that if it is possible to comprehend the meaning of these concepts properly in appearance and exterior we can give the works a native identity. In the meantime, the study of the neighboring country of Turkey, which has historical similarities in terms of traditional architecture as well as modernization in the community as well as Iran, and its way of dealing with this issue in comparative analysis of architectural studies can provide better results. In this study, with more than nine decades of architectural study, this question is answered whether the presence or absence of "Illuminated heart" in contemporary architectural works can be a sign of the identity of native architecture over the past hundred years? In this research, with the help of library studies, the study of the "Illuminated heart" as the concept of identification in the architecture of Iran and Turkey was studied, and after quantitative studies and data analysis methods, considering the conditions of the contemporary era, the results have been obtained that the results indicate that in contemporary buildings in every decade, based on the conditions of the society, and the way of the presence of architects and their approach, The decline has been in the architectural identity. And where architects deliberately sought to express the concepts of the identity in their works, they could be seen in the restoration of native identity in architecture.

In nuclear medicine, studies of important tissues such as cardiac, the emitted photons from the cardiac before reaching the gamma detectors are attenuated and scattered by other tissues inside the thorax. Therefore, the quality and contrast of the image will be reduced. In this research, to improve the quality of cardiac images by SPECT system, the most convenient algorithms for attenuation correction were studied and assessed in the first step. Then the best method using the line source in Transmission Attenuation Correction (TAC) method was modified and the experimental data wase obtained by using this new and modified method, cardiac phantom, Dual Head SPECT system and a line source of 201Tl with the activity of about 0.5 mCi. The data was collected and obtained in two steps: (1) Scanning the cardiac phantom and line source which was beside the cardiac phantom this step involves using emission and transmission simultaneously. (2) Scanning the cardiac phantom in the absence of line source which means using emission data. Next, the suggested attenuation correction formula was used and the calculated attenuation coefficient for each pixel was calculated and applied to each pixel. Our results showed a nice improvement in contrast and visibility of the images by this simple and in imporoved expensive method. The advantages of this method include simplicity, the available radionuclide, improved accuracy, quality and contrast of the final image, and finally, cost – effectiveness. These advantages may help the nuclear medicine centers to improve their ability to detect the physiological and functional defects of the cardiac, especially in the elder and women patients.

Background: Lifestyle modification is an integral component of secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Lifestyle is greatly influenced by the perception of disease. This study sought to evaluate the effects of pre-discharge education and telephone follow-up on illness perception and lifestyle in patients with myocardial infarction (MI).Methods: This non randomized controlled trial was performed in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Broujerd, Iran during 2014. Convenience sampling was applied to select 70 hospitalized patients with MI (35 patients in the intervention group and 35 in the control group). A demographic and disease characteristics questionnaire, the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ), and a lifestyle questionnaire were administered to collect data. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistics (independent t, paired t, chi-square, and Fisher’s exact tests) in SPSS/16. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant.Result: In pre-test, the two groups had no significant difference in the mean score of illness perception (P=0.528). However, the mean score of lifestyle was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (P=0.018). In the post-test, the two groups had significant differences in both illness perception (P=0.04) and lifestyle (P=0.01). Comparison of the mean differences between pre- and post-test scores revealed statistically significant differences in illness perception (P=0.018). In contrast, no significant difference was observed in case of lifestyle (P=0.826).Conclusion: According to our findings, pre-discharge education and telephone follow-up can correct illness perception in patients with MI. However, it seems that lifestyle changes will require long-term interventions.

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