Objectives: Social security is a key factor in human life. Despite its importance, only recently, sociologists carried out research about it.In this study, we try to define societal security and conduct a comparative study about it. We try to measure the level of societal security in different regions of Tehran and then to compare them.Method: The research is carried out in two regions of Tehran (south and north), and the main tool is questionnaire. The sample size is 420.Finding & Result: It shows that each region has its own level of societal security. The global index shows that in the north, the level of societal security is significantly higher than the south. To live in the north of Tehran, produce less emotional Security; on the contrary, in the south financial and professional security is significantly lower. Societal Security is a Socio-cultural Phenomenon; therefore, its realization needs the collaboration of the whole social network.

Introduction: Home safety plays an important role in community health, especially when it comes to children and elderly. This study aimed to determine the role of residential area in home safety.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 459 houses in the central area and outskirt of Mashhad were chosen based on cluster sampling. Home safety was assessed using the safety questionnaire of the national plan for prevention of domestic accidents. The questionnaire assesses five parts which are kitchen, bedrooms, bathroom, balcony and roof, and the staircase. The overall home safety score and scores of its five sections were calculated according to the questionnaire guide. Demographic factors including gender, marital status, occupation, number of household and educational level were also recorded.Results: The two groups of houses had different safety scores in rooms and bathroom sections, in addition their external safety scores (balconies, courtyards, rooftops and parking) was different (p<0.001). Among the demographic factors, gender and education of the head of the household played an important role, i.e. the female gender and education level of less than high school diploma were associated with decreased home safety in both central and outskirt regions; the decrease was more significant in the outskirts.Conclusion: Safety of houses is affected by the region. Therefore, monitoring constructions especially in outskirts is essential. Strengthening foundations that support women headed households and increasing the level of public information can play an important role in promoting home safety.

Today, given the rapid growth of the world's population and its focus on cities, access to quality housing by urban dwellers is an essential component of influencing the long-term outlook of human communities. At the same time, considering the widespread impacts of housing on urban environments and on the economic, social and physical life of the city and its citizens, it is important to identify the factors that influence the choice of place of residence and housing. The residence has been emphasized on housing features. The type of research was applied and descriptive-analytical in nature; the method of data collection is library and field (questionnaire). The study population consisted of 384 households living in Tabriz metropolitan area. Then, tests (descriptive and inferential statistics) will be used and finally by diagnostic analysis using SPSS 22 and GIS software will analyze the relationships between variables. The results showed that demographic and lifestyle indices affect residence and housing choice and when demographic characteristics are combined with lifestyle, the choice of residence by the households is examined based on differences. Individual and lifestyle are important. Also, based on the results of the research, selection of residence and housing has a significant relationship with access to business centers, childcare centers, cultural centers, pedestrian access, parking and home warning cameras.

Background and Aim: Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a kind of metabolic disturbance generally coincident with abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and variation in glucose tolerance test .MS can be a prognostic parameter for fatal diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes Mellitus. Different factors affect the prevalence of the disease.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, patients were selected according to ATP III (Adult Treatment Panel). The existence of at least three factors of the following was the criteria for affliction with the disease: (1) abdominal obesity with waist circumference  102 cm in men and ³88 cm in woman,  (2) hypertriglyceridemia ³150 mg/dL, (3) low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol <40 mg/dL in men and <50 mg/dL in women, (4) blood pressure ³130/85 mmHg, (5) diabetic history and taking anti-glycemic drugs or having fasting blood sugar ≥110 mg/dL, (6) high blood pressure ³130/85 mmHg. The obtained data were statistically analyzed through SPSS software at the significant level P<0.05. Then, the frequency distribution of MS factors was determined with regard to age, sex, and habitation.Results: The age-adjusted prevalence of the MS was 25.4% and 21.7% in urban and rural area of Isfahan respectively. MS was higher among the women of Isfahan and central cities compared to men. Its highest frequency was seen in the eldery people (over 60) living in Isfahan villages (68.9%(Conclusion: It was found that approximately 21.9% of Iranian adults living in the central part of Iran suffer from MS. In summary, this study showed an increased risk of MS among middle-aged women in urbun areas which may be due to their insufficient physical activity.. The results indicate that the primary prevention should not only consider biological risk factors, but must also take socio-demographic conditions into account in order to identfy persons of high risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

In EU Law، habitual residence is an important connecting factor in relation to conflict of forums and conflict of laws، particularly in personal matters. EU rules and regulation، which are enforceable directly and without a need for approval of domestic bodies، regularly consider this connecting factor and replace traditional connecting factors such as domicile in Common Law and nationality in Civil Law countries. The recognition of the objective factor of residence، the domicile، increases predictability in international relationship. At same time، a close relationship between persons and applicable law provides flexibility regarding conflict of law rules، and unlike the criterion of nationality، it prevents absolute application of rules of a specific country. Moreover، by applying the habitual residence factor، courts are often referred to material rules of Lex Fori and therefore، they are not concerned with problems of proving foreign law.

In this study a sequential model of daily travel patterns is formulated that consists of home location, time-of-day, and activity history dependent models of activity and destination choice submodels of non-home based trips.The model development takes into account the interdependencies among the choices and the constraints imposed on the movement in time and space. The empirical analysis on a data set from the city of Mashhad shows that non-home-based destination choice is critically dependent on the individual's residence location and that activity choice is influenced only marginally by the accessibility of the origin location. As a practical and immediate modification of non-home-based destination choice models, this study proposes the inclusion of destination-to-home travel time as a factor that enables more realistic depiction of spatial travel patterns. The results indicate that the simplest expression of history of activity engagements is an adequate descriptor of activity choices. The study results demonstrate that time-of-day variable imposes a constrained environment upon the daily activity participation decisions.

Habitual residence as an alternative to domicile and nationality has become a prevailing connecting factor in conflict of law system. The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential benefits and risks about to replacement of domicile concept with habitual residence. The concept of habitual residence through international conventions which is the product of Hague Conference on Private International Law is imported in the United States Law. One of the reasons for accepting this new concept in Common Law and in particular in the United States law is avoidance of inflexible and arbitrary rules which exist in the concept of residence. While domicile refers to intention for living in a place for future, habitual residence refers to the objective and current situation and intention element in the latter is weaker than the former. Habitual residence is based on an objective and actual relationship between a person and a State. However, due to the lack of a universal definition of habitual residence, there is always a concern that domestic courts, by distorting and false interpretation of this expression, apply the traditional meaning of domicile with an appearance of a new phrase.