Today, increasing the prevalence of diabetes mellitus is an important problem in glucose developing country’s Health and the blood glucose monitoring predicts of in sufficient blood glucose monitoring side effects. The glucometer devices are small and used simply so they are used more than the other methods for home blood glucose monitoring. As the variety of the glucometer devices are increasing from day to day. In this study, we assess the difference of capillary glucose level and venous glucose level measured by three glucometer devices; Glucotrend 2, GlucoMen, GlucoCare. 100 diabetic patients took part in this study. The results of 100 patients study, showed that the venous blood glucose level measured by these devices with compare of standard method were 2.14% in GlucoCare, 5.3% in Glucotrend 2 and 17.1% in GlucoMen more than the standard level. The GlucoCare and Glucotrend 2, results had no difference with the standard method and the blood glucose levels measured with these two devices were similar. Otherwise the GlucoMen results are more similar to standard method, it has the least confident. The GlucoCare had the least deference of the mean venous glucose level with the standard method and the most similarity between the capillary glucose level and venous glucose level measured by these devices were seen in Glucotrend 2.

Background and aims: Current diabetes treatments are based on blood glucose level monitoring. However, it is necessary to design another non-invasive reliable diagnostic method. In current study, we aimed to determine the relation between fasting blood sugar (FBS) and fasting salivary glucose. Methods: In this case-control study, 30 diabetic patients (case) and 30 nondiabetic individuals (control) referred to a military hospital in 2019 were studied. The correlation between FBS and fasting salivary glucose was evaluated with Pearson test. Results: The mean age of participants in control and case group was 55. 4±, 2. 8 and 63. 7±, 2 years old, respectively. The mean FBS was 100. 5±, 3. 3 and 149. 2±, 3. 8 mg/dL in controls and cases, respectively, which were significantly different from each other (p<0. 001). The mean fasting salivary glucose in the control group and the case group was 0. 8±, 0. 14 and 1. 59±, 0. 35 mg/dL, respectively, which was significant different in the two groups (p=0. 038). Pearson analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between FBS and fasting salivary glucose (r=0. 265, p=0. 042). Conclusion: Fasting salivary glucose can be used as a noninvasive tool to control blood glucose in diabetics.

Background & Aim: Diabetes Mellitus is the most common metabolic condition. This disease is not diagnosed in approximately 1/2 of the patients actually suffering from the disease. In addition, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus is more than in patients with periodontitis when compared to periodontally healthy subjects. Thus, a high number of patients with periodontitis may have undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between capillary blood glucose level and sulcular blood glucose level and blood from gingival tissues during routine periodontal examination used form gingival tissues during routine periodontal examination used for determining glucose level.Methods & Subjects: Thirty non-diabetic and 30 diabetic patients with moderate or severe periodontitis were included and subjected to routine clinical periodontal examination. Blood oozing from gingival tissues of anterior teeth following periodontal pocket probing was collected with the stick of glucose self monitoring devices. As control, finger stick capillary blood was taken. Statistical analysis was performed by Pearson's correlation coefficient and t tests.Results: The patient blood glucose levels ranged from 58 mg/dl to 477 mg/dl and the value of blood samples taken from gingival or finger tip showed a very high intra patient correlation (r = 0.99, P< 0.0001). The results suggested that blood oozig during routine periodontal examination may be used for Diabetes Mellitus screening in a dental office setting.Conclusion: Since there is correlation between sulcular glucose blood level and capillary glucose blood level, we can use this method for screening diabetic patient in dental clinic.

Background and Aim: Finding a relationship between the blood glucose level and its concentration in other body fluids such as the saliva can help in developing a conservative method for blood sugar assessment replacing venous sampling. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of blood glucose level with salivary glucose in diabetic patients.Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 75 diabetic patients as the case and 75 healthy subjects as the control group. Blood and salivary glucose levels were measured in the two groups. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation of blood glucose with salivary glucose in the two groups.Results: The mean (±SD) blood glucose and salivary glucose level was 247±24.2mg/dl and 1.4±0.2mg/dl in the case group, respectively. These rates were 84.97±15.8 and 1.09±0.12mg/dl in the control group, respectively. Statistical analyses showed a high correlation between blood glucose level and salivary glucose in diabetic patients (r=0.9); whereas this correlation was insignificant in the healthy control group (r=0.18).Conclusion: This study showed a high correlation between blood glucose level and salivary glucose in diabetic patients.

Diabetic patients need to monitor blood glucose level (BGL) for diagnosis, treatment and follow up of their disease. Typically a blood sample for analysis is obtained via intravenous or a finger stick or other such invasive procedures. Often, this blood collecting causes physical and mental stress to the patient. For this reason, it is desirable to use other biologic liquids such as saliva to detect the blood glucose level. This article studies correlation coefficient between blood glucose level and saliva glucose level (SGL) in healthy men. This is a descriptive, cross sectional study. 130 Blood and 130 saliva samples were obtained from 10 healthy men in 13 times in 5 days. Each day samples were taken in 3 times, fasting, postprandial and evening. Samples were analyzed with glucose oxidase method. Value of blood glucose level ranged from 58mg/dl to 118 mg/dl. Mean of fasting blood glucose level was 84.9±3.13mg/dl. Value of saliva glucose level ranged from 0.322mg/dl to 4.941 mg/dl. Mean of saliva glucose level was 1.22±0.81mg/dl. Correlation coefficient between BGC and SGL from the 5 days of measurement was 0.23. Correlation coefficient for each day was 0.38 (first day), 0.21 (second day), 0.01 (third day) 0.37 (fourth day). Correlation coefficient for each person was 0.31 (case A). (case B), 0.07 (case C), 0.07 (case D), 0.45 (case E), 0.10 (case F), -0.05 (case E), 0.32 (case H), 0.87 (case I), 0.87 (case J). Unfortunately considering the values of correlation coefficients and the limited range of SGL we cannot use saliva for detecting BGL.

Background: It has been shown that improved glycemic control and lower hemoglobin Al e level in diabetic patients will reduce the frequency of microvascular complications. However there have been many debates on how to improve glycemic control and reduce hemoglobin Al e levels. The aim of this review was to assess available information that supports the use of Self Monitoring Blood Glucose (SMBG) in the care of either type 1 or type 2 diabetic patients.Materials and Methods: This review focuses on interventional and analytical studies that comparedpatients who performed SMBG with patients who did not. The data were derived from 35 interventional and observational studies published between 1983 and 2008, and also a cohort study between 1995 and 2003. All studies were obtained from searches of multiple electronic bibliographic databases supplemented with hand searches of references of retrieved articles. Results: The available scientific literature demonstrates that there is substantial evidence to support the use of SMBG in type 1 diabetes. Most studies do not show a benefit when patients with type2 diabetes perform 5MBG. Some studies demonstrated that SMBG as a part of educational program can be effective on reducing hemoglobin A1c levels. There was a relationship between the number of 5MBGtests per unit time and hemoglobin A1c levels.Conclusion: The role of SMBG in reducing hemoglobin Al e level in type 1diabetes is known, but most of the studies do not support the use of 5MBG in type 2 diabetes currently. More rigorous studies should be carried out.

Psychiatric disorders are highly prevalent among clients referred to primary care and general practitioners. Given that the main core of treatment in these patients is medication, these psychiatric drugs can cause long-term complications such as a decrease or increase in blood glucose and lipid. In this review study, the effects of these drugs on blood glucose and lipid in Iran have been addressed. It should be noted that blood glucose and lipid levels can be affected by several factors including environmental factors, geography, race, ethnicity, and even skin color. Moreover, many relevant studies approved the relationships among these variables repeatedly. In this review study, international databases of Web of Knowledge, ISI, PubMed, Google Scholar, SID, and Noormags databases (as national ones) were searched up to the end of 2019. Finally, eight studies out of 30 were investigated. The Total number of subjects studied in this study was 824 in 8 articles, which included six clinical trials, one descriptive study, and one case-control study. In general, in the present review study, most studies indicate the increasing effect of serotonin-dopamine antagonist antipsychotics on blood glucose (so clozapine and then risperidone, from this drug class, have a greater effect on the development of this complication), as well as the effects of dopamine antagonist antipsychotics on lipid profile in patients. Comparing clomipramine and fluoxetine, clomipramine increased blood glucose and lipids, but fluoxetine did not have these complications.

Introduction: Management of blood glucose is of great importance in diabetic patients and can prevent complications of diabetes. In the current study, we compared the glucose level of calf sampling with that of fingertip and venous samples.Materials and Methods: This comparative, descriptive study was performed on 260 diabetic patients. After completing a demographic information form, at first non-fasting blood glucose test was taken from the vein, then capillary blood samples were collected at the same time by a glucometer from the middle finger of the left hand and the 1/3 left calf, and the results were compared with venous blood glucose. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Wilcoxon and Spearman) in SPSS version 14. Pvalues less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: The Spearman test showed a significant correlation between fingertip, calf, and venous blood sugar levels(P<0.001). It was found that the average blood sugar levels of fingertip and calf were 10 mg/dl and 17 mg/dl lower than blood sugar level of venous.Conclusions: In this study, differences in blood glucose levels of fingertip and calf capillary samples and venous samples in diabetic patients were clinically negligible, and these points can be used instead of venous blood samples for self-monitoring.

Background and Aim: Vitiligo is a dermatologic disorder which has autoimmune and genetic basis. Different studies in the world have shown relationship of vitiligo with autoimmune disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between vitiligo and fasting blood sugar (FBS). Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was performed between 2016 and 2019 and included 102 patients with vitiligo. Diagnosis of vitiligo was made by our dermatologist and FBS levels of the participants were measured. Results: Mean age of the patients and duration of the disease were 39. 7± 15. 8 years and 56. 1± 34. 1 months respectively. 45 (%44) patients were male, the disorder was most frequent in the housewives. The most common site of involvement was genitalia which was affected in 52 (%31) cases, and the least common site was oral mucosa which was involved in 6 patients (%3. 6). Only 4 (%2. 7) patients had family history of vitiligo. Conclusions: The results showed that there were no significant association between vitiligo and variables of FBS, gender, occupation, site of involvement, family history of vitiligo, history of using medications and also any other disease.

This study was designed to obtain a standard blood sugar curve in coronary bypass grafting (CABG) surgery patients during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Diabetic patients undergoing cardiac surgery had their blood sugar level determined by glucometer every five minutes during cardiopulmonary bypass. From 50 patients who entered in the study, 8 of them were excluded and the remaining of 42, completed the study. Blood surgar levels were also determined before and after initiation of CPB. The obtained curve from blood level determinations revealed a gradually increasing slope, reaching a peak during CPB. The curve has 5 parts, point A correlating to the stress of anesthesia and pre-CPB surgery, point B depicting the maximum point of hem dilution, point C correlating to maximum hypothermia, Point D correlating to rewarming phase, and point E depicting hemoconcentation.These five parts correlate well with the various phases of open heart surgery. 10 patients (23.3%) in the study revealed hyperglycemia above the acceptable level, and required insulin administration during CPB.