The main goal of this research was to determine effects of a submaxiamal aerobic exercise on rate of changes of ferritin, iron and TIBC blood plasma in young patients with Talassemia Major. Standard Balke test was used on a treadmill that consisted of 25 stages and in order to be aware of risks involved during exercise, electrocardiogram leads were placed on subjects. Blood samples were collected and analyzed in three stages, before, immediately after and 36 hours after test. Ten patients with Thalassemia Major were selected randomly and tested. Data were analyzed using statistical methods such as paired T- Test and Multi-regression. The results indicate: 1) the amount of ferritin decreased significantly during exercise compared with rest stage. 2) The amount of ferritin in recovery period increased compared with exercise stage. 3) Iron and TIBC were not changed in either exercise or rest stage. 4) There was a positive correlation between ferritin, iron and TIBC recovery (r=0.74). 5) Ferritin decreased below 65% HRR, but increased above this level.

Background & aim: With the increasing number of elderly people, the prevalence of physical disabilities is increasing, which has caught the attention of care, health and social systems. One of the common problems in aging is the reduction of balance and posture disorder, joint instability, decreased muscle nervous function, muscle mass, strength, motor endurance, aerobic capacity, and increased incontinence and urinary frequency. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of subarachnoid aerobic exercises on urinary control, balance and aerobic capacity of elderly women. Methods: The present is a case-control study was conducted in two stages: pre-test and post-test. The statistical population of the study were women with urinary incontinence problems in Urmia who volunteered to participate in this research after being called in health centers. Based on the criteria for entering the study, twenty-four women aged 60 to 65 years old were selected. Familiarization with the method of conducting the study was done 24 hours prior to the beginning of the training, and then completed with the consent and urinary incontinence questionnaire. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups of aerobic training group and the control group. In the next step, the participants were asked to complete the health and urinary incontinence questionnaires 24 hours before the onset of the exercise program. The experimental group performed 12 weeks of aerobic exercises and completed the questionnaires again 24 hours after the 6th and 12th sessions. First, the K-S test confirmed the naturality of the data. Data were analyzed by paired t-test and one way ANOVA. Results: No significant difference was seen in the aerobic group after 12 weeks of aerobic training in volume and frequency of subjects (p=1), but in the closed static balance (p=0. 001), open eye balance (p=0. 001), dynamic balance (p=0. 001) and aerobic capacity (p=0. 001). Conclusion: Subarachnoid aerobic exercises had no significant effect on the incontinence and frequency of urination in elderly women. However, due to the greater influence on the aerobic capacity and balance of elderly women, it is suggested that this practice be used to improve the quality of life of these individuals.

Background: Preservation and storage of muscle glycogen is the most important factor limiting the success of individuals in performing the following activities. It has been shown that melatonin supplementation before exercise can maintain glycogen stores. This study aimed to investigate the effect of melatonin consumption (6 mg) on the time of exhaustion during a submaximal-activity and also the maximum oxygen consumption during an increasing activity in physical education girl students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study, 13 girls with the mean age of 21. 5± 1. 29 years, the mean weight of 58. 36± 2. 69 kg and vo2max 39. 08± 4. 17 mg/kg/min were participated and received melatonin (6 mg) and placebo (starch capsules) in two complementary steps. Supplements were administered acutely 30 minutes before the exercise. Each test was repeated in placebo and supplement conditions. To ensure the elimination of exercise and supplement impact, the interval of 5 to 7 days was considered between the two tests. The sub-maximal and progressive protocols respectively included running below the maximum intensity (70% of the heart rate reserve) to exhaustion and the Bruce's test on the treadmill. Results: The results showed that consumption of 6 mg melatonin significantly increased the time to reach exhaustion (P=0. 01) and the maximum oxygen consumption (P=0. 002). Conclusion: It appears that trained girls can use 6 mg of melatonin supplement 30 minutes before starting the exercise to improve endurance performance and aerobic capacity.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of L-carnitine supplementation on glucose and lactate concentrations, and aerobic capacity during sub-maximal exercise on ergometery cycle.Materials and Methods: In this double- blind clinical trail, 34 healthy noathlete male students at Saveh University were divided into experimental (L-carnitine usage) and placebo (lactose usage) groups and had one trial of cycling on ergometer (PWC170). This trial was done in two stages: 1) Exercise protocol without L-carnitine or placebo supplementation, 2) Exercise protocol with 3g Lcarnitine (90 minute before exercise) and placebo supplementation in the experimental and placebo groups, respectively. Immediately after the physical exercise, blood sampling was taken for determining plasma glucose and lactate concentrations, and lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH). Through polar telemetry rest and sub-maximal heart rate, and also, VO2max were measured. Results: L-carnitine supplementation had no influence on plasma glucose and lactate concentrations. Otherwise, rest and sub-maximal heart rate, VO2max and LDH activity were equal in pretest and posttests. All variables remained with no change in control group.Conclusion: Regarding the effect of L-carnitine usage on performance of endurance exercises, the findings are still vague and controversial. Our findings indicated that ingestion of 3g L-carnitine 90 minutes before exercise did not affect the dependent variables. Further investigation is required to determine the direct effect of such supplementations on substrate utilization, fat-carbohydrate metabolism and performance on exercise.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acute exercise on platelet and coagulation system in active and inactive men.Methods: Fifteen physically inactive men ( 24.9±1.37 years) and 15 regularly active men ( 25.6±1.34 years) performed sub-maximal (70% VO2 max) exercise trial for 30 min. Platelet count (PC), fibrinogen, Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and Prothrombin time (PT) were measured before, immediately after exercise, and after 30 minutes recovery.Results: 30 min exercise training resulted in significant decrease in PT and aPTT (P<0.001). Partial eta2 results, also indicated that 0.712 and 0.737 of PT and aPTT changes, respectively, accounted for the exercise training (P<0.001).Conclusion: It was concluded that it seems that physical exertion increases PC, and also stimulates coagulation system, that may increase the risk for arterial thrombogenesis, especially in inactive subjects.

In order to study the effect of aerobic exercisewith 56% intensity at max HR reserve (range 30 to 70 HR%) on variation of blood plasma lipoprotients and the efficiencyof blood circulation in young diabetic men (IDDM), 25 patients with the age range of 18 to 28 years and with 5 years disease record, with daily insulin injection of 48.8PMOL, fastingblood sugar of 174mg/dl,HbA1C:3.2percent or and the practical capacity 46.5 to 55.7 MIIKg/min, in two d~fferent groups (15 experimental) and (10 control) were randomly selected. The physical variables of control and experimental groups respectively were: age (21.4±3.4 and 20.4±3 year), weight (64.9±16.7 and 61.6±5.8 Kg) , height (165.7±6.3 and 166.9±6.3 cm) and body mass index(1.06±0.01 and 1.06:t0.006 gr/cm\ The experimental group during a 65 day period and two sets weeklyfor a times of 30 to 60 mins, exercisedin a park under 23°C temperature and 57% moisture did special aerobic exercise intervally. Blood samples including lipid blood and plasma lipoproteins (HDL-C, LDL-C, VLDI-C, T-CHO, TG and the percentage HDLILDL, HDL/T-CHO) were analysed before and after training programming. The statistical method of MANOVA was used to investigate the dependent variables in independent and dependent groups and mul~i-variableregressionanalysis wasalso uesd to specifythe probability of dependence among variables. The findings indicate a significant decrease in TCH and a noticable increase in cardiovascularHDL-C and HbA1C after of aerobic exercise. It seems that rate intensity or volume duration of submaximal aerobic interval exercise in a dry environment under 56% HR.R together with the patients with high level of early physical fitness (experimental group 57.7 ml/kg / min and control group 46.6 ml/kg/min)was not so intense to stimulate the metabolic process of fat oxidation, especially in plasma liproteins. However, a change occured in lipoproteins and some of lipid blood factors is noticeable from clinical condition.

Background and Aim: Vital benefits of breast-feeding for mother and child's growth and immunity against diseases are indubitable; however, the effects of mother's physical activity on breast milk during breast-feeding is not clearly known. Thus, the present study was carried out to investigate the effects of long-term submaximal aerobic exercises on homemaker mothers' breast milk factors. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 non-athlete healthy and convenient mothers voluntarily participated in the study. Participants were randomly divided into two control and experimental groups. The first milk samples from both groups were taken 24 hours before the exercise and the second samples were obtained from the experimental group right after the excersise finished. Samples were also taken 24 hours after the 12-week exercise program from the experimental group. A third sampling was also conducted for both groups. In order to study the effects of exercising on milk factors, t-test and two-factor variance test were run. Results: One hour of aerobic exercises with 60 to 70% HRMAX were observed to have significant effects on breast milk factors of mothers for an hour: fat percentage and protein increased, lactose and water content decreased, and conductivity remained unchanged. Moreover, the study failed to find any significant difference between the effects of 12-week aerobic exercises on milk factors in control and experimental groups. Conclusion: Findings revealed that long-term and average-intensity aerobic exercises, aiming to improve breast-feeding function, do not have a significant effect on homemaker mothers' breast milk factors.

The purpose of present study was to compare serum metalloproteinases (MMPs) in response to one bout of sub-maximal exercise in active and nonactive men. Eight active men (Mean±SD, VO2max, 43±1.6 ml/kg/min) and eight non-active men (Mean±SD, VO2max, 31±1.4 ml/kg/min) completed a sub-maximal exercise at 50% of VO2max. Blood samples were collected before, immediately after and 2 h post-exercise. The Data were analyzed using repeated-measures and two ways ANOV A. Sub-maximal exercise did not significantly change serum MMP-2 in active (p=0.119) and non-active (p=0.175) group but increased serum MMP-9 immediately (p=0.001) and 2 h (p=0.000) after exercise in active and immediately (p=0.009) and 2 h (p=0.003) after exercise in non-active group. However, results showed no significant difference between serum MMP-2 and MMP-9 in active and nonactive group at any time points (p=0.423). In conclusion, it appears that the responses of angiogenic metalloproteinases to one bout of sub-maximal exercise are similar in active and non-active men.