Objective: To investigate the effect of Romberg EXERCISE on balance improvement in elderly persons, 70 elderly persons with the history of two or more falling during recent 3 months were selected from Kahrizak nursing home in Tehran (38 as cases and 32 as controls).Materials & Methods: Romberg EXERCISE was done in case group every day (45 minute per day and one time each day) for 3 months. Among all persons, 28 persons in case group and 21 persons in control group were followed for 6 months and incidence and frequency of falling were assessed during this time.Results: The Incidence of one or more falling in case and control groups was 31.3% and 47.6% in men and 57.9% and 27.3% in women, respectively. We found no significant relation between gender and the incidence of falling (P=0.460). Also, no significant relation was found between age and incidence (P=0.554) and frequency of falling (P=0.144) in elderly persons.Conclusion: Although the effect of Romberg EXERCISE on improvement of balance disturbance and falling was not demonstrated, it needs additional studies with larger sample size and longer follow-up.

Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease of central nerve system which involves brain and spinal cord. The cause of this disease is still unknown. It causes disorders in conducting nerve and electrical current by destroying myelin. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of aquatic EXERCISEs for 8 weeks on the improvement of balance among female MS patients.materials and methods: This is an applied research study using semi-experimental method. From 100 MS patients, 25 people were randomly selected on the basis of illness degree and age. The criteria applied for the random selection were: Patients’ responses to an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS, 1-4), an average illness time of 4±1 and the age range of 20-50 years. They were divided into two groups: The experimental group consisting of 15 patients and the controlled group which consisted consists of 10 patients. The experimental group participated in the EXERCISEs with an intensity rate of 40-50 percent of the maximum heartbeat rate for 8 weeks, three sessions per week. Krutzke EDSS questionnaire was used to measure the EDSS in experimental and controlled groups both before and after the EXERCISEs. The gathered data were analyzed by using descriptive statistic and dependent sample t- test.results: The research has shown that after 8 weeks of treatment, the balance in the experimental group was significantly improved (P=0.000). A significant difference in their mean scores on EDSS was observed (P=0.000). Also, there was a significant difference in the experimental group’s EDSS scores in the pretest and post-test (P=0.000). However, there was no significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the controlled group (P=0.279, a=0.05). As the findings suggest, EXERCISEs of this type could decrease up to 0.5 degree in EDSS scores among MS patients. Such amount of decrease is very valuable for MS patients.Conclusion: Considering the results of this research suggesting an improvement in the balance of MS patients with low EDSS, it seems necessary to apply aquatic EXERCISEs for such patients.Therefore, it is recommended that MS patients practice such EXERCISEs, under the supervision of specialists, as a supplementary remedy along with the medical treatments.

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the most common causes of mortality in the world. Increased blood pressure is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Decreasing blood pressure due to EXERCISE can reduce the risk of cardiovascular incidents. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of EXERCISE on blood pressure, heart rate and rate pressure product.materials and methods: To evaluate the effects of intensity and volume of resistance EXERCISEs on the post-EXERCISE cardiovascular responses, 10 young untrained non-athletic men (age: 22±0.8 years; height: 173.05±2.4 cms and weight: 67.2±3.4 kgs) participated in this study as the subjects. The subjects performed four EXERCISE bouts in a randomized order. Each bout consisted of five EXERCISEs: arm curl, hamstring curl, squat, seated lat pull-down and bench press. The EXERCISEs were determined to be performed at three sets: SHORT volume of LOW 40% 1RM (SL) and HIGH intensity 80%1RM (SH) and at six sets: LONG volume of LOW 40% 1RM (LL) and HIGH intensity 80% 1RM (LH). Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and rate pressure product (RPP) (product of HR and systolic BP) were measured before the EXERCISE (baseline) and at the ten-minute intervals within 90 minutes after each EXERCISE. Then, the data were analyzed using two way ANOVA repeated measures and LSD post-hoc tests.results: Systolic BP was found to be Affected by the volume and intensity of EXERCISE and became lower during 10 to 60 minutes after the EXERCISEs (P<0.05). However, Diastolic BP was not altered after the EXERCISE bouts. HR was increased in 30 minutes after LL and SL, and within 60 minutes after SH and LH EXERCISEs (P<0.05). In contrast, after SH and LH, RPP was increased over a period of 50 minutes.Conclusion: The intensity and volume of resistance EXERCISEs do not influence the magnitude and duration of post-EXERCISE hypotension. Also, HR and RPP post-EXERCISE are not affected by the resistance EXERCISE volume.

Conclusion: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease of central nerve system which involves the brain and spinal cord. The cause of this disease is still unknown. This disease causes some disorders in conducting the nerve and electrical currents by destroying the myelin. Thus, due to the vital acuity of the problem, the purpose is to study the effect of aquatic EXERCISEs for 8 weeks on the balance improvement in female MS patients. Materials and Methods: This is an applied research study with a Quasi-Experimental method. The present study was carried out on 45 female MS patients who were randomly selected from 100 MS patients. The subjects, aging from 20 to 50 years old, fell in a range of 4±1 years in terms of duration of illness with a range of 1-5 degrees of illness. They were divided into two groups: Experimental group consisting of 25 patients and the Control group with 20 patients. The Experimental received the treatment as programmed for 8 weeks with 3 sessions per week. The treatment included exercising at a maximum heart beat rate of 40 to 50 percent of intensity. The quality of life (QOL) was determined for both groups of the study before and after the study, using FAMS, Version 2. Finally, the gathered data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and dependent sample t- test. Results: The findings indicate that after 8 weeks of aquatic exercising, the balance was meaningfully improved in the Experimental group (P=0/000). A significant difference was observed in their differences of means from the pre-test to the post-test, in terms of QOL (P=0.000). However, there was no significant difference between the pre- and post-test grades of the Controlled group, in this regard (a=0.05). There was an average of 9.28% of improvement in the Experimental group’s quality of life after the treatment. Such a difference is regarded as remarkable improvement for MS patients.Conclusion: Considering the results of this research, it seems necessary to propose aquatic EXERCISEs for MS patients. Therefore, it is recommended these EXERCISEs be practiced by the MS patients under the supervision of specialists as a supplementary remedy besides the medical treatments.

Background: Many studies showed that heart rate recovery (1 min) and EXERCISE capacity at EXERCISE test are both strong predictors of cardiovascular events in various populations. This study compared heart rate recovery (1min) and EXERCISE capacity in individuals with and without metabolic syndrome in Iranian community.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 470 individuals aged ³ 35 years who followed in Isfahan Cohort Study. A questionnaire including questions on demographic and lifestyle information as well as weight, height, blood pressure, and waist circumference was completed. Triglyceride, fasting blood glucose (FBS), total cholesterol, HDL, and LDL levels were measured as well. All subjects performed a symptom limited EXERCISE test under the standard Bruce protocol. Heart rate recovery (1 min) and EXERCISE capacity were calculated. Data were analyzed by generalized linear model SPSS15 software.Finding: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were higher in individuals with metabolic syndrome (P=0.001). Heart rate recovery (1 min) was in normal range in individuals with and without metabolic syndrome (>18 bpm) but in subjects without metabolic syndrome it was higher (41.48 versus 37.07; P=0.007). There was no difference between men and women in individuals with and without metabolic syndrome (P=0.645 and 0.39 respectively). EXERCISE capacity was lower in individuals without metabolic syndrome (P=0.022).Conclusion: Our findings suggested that among EXERCISE capacity and heart rate recovery, this is EXERCISE capacity which has a stronger relationship with metabolic syndrome in our community. Also, it seems that there is a need for reconsideration on heart rate recovery threshold.

Aims and background: Changes in bone position and scapular movements affect shoulder function and can lead to scapular dyskinesia. The purpose of this validity review article was to evaluate the effect of scapular stabilization EXERCISEs on pain and motor function in patients with scapular dyskinesia. Materials and Methods: Search with related keywords in all years and in Magiran, Google Scholar, Elmnet and PEDRO websites with keywords Scapular Stabilization EXERCISE, Scapular-focused EXERCISE, Scapular Dyskinesia, Motor function, Pain, Kinematics and scapular position was performed. Studies investigating the effect of scapular stabilization EXERCISEs on scapular dyskinesia were included in the study. PEDro scale was used to evaluate the quality of imported articles. results: Thirty studies were reviewed, of which five studies that had inclusion criteria (score higher than 5 on the Pedro scale) were selected for review. There were many differences in the methodology, the main index to be evaluated, the number of samples, the method of implementation, the method of evaluating the variables, etc. in the studies. In people with dyskinesia, stabilizing EXERCISE reduces pain and improves motor function. Conclusion: The results of previous studies showed that scapular stabilization EXERCISEs improve scapular dyskinesia.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women who EXERCISE regularly. Methods: All women under age 45 from an industrial company who had past history of exercising more than 6 months enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Prevalence of PCOS and comparison of BMI between PCOS and non-PCOS subgroups was done. The diagnosis of PCOS was based on the revised 2003 Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM consensus criteria and exclusion of related disorders. Results: The prevalence of PCOS in was 8.8%; 95% CI: 8.5%- 9.1%. In obese subjects, mean BMI differed significantly between PCOS and non-PCOS women (29.3 ±3.3 kg/m² vs. 27.8 ± 2 kg/m², P=0.03). In lean subjects, there was no statistically significant difference in terms of BMI between PCOS and non-PCOS women (21.4 ± 1.9 kg/m² vs. 21.2 ± 2 kg/m², P>0.05). Conclusion: Obese PCOS patients show more difficulty in losing weight by EXERCISE than lean PCOS patients. The role of hormonal alterations and PCOS per se in the responsiveness of weight loss to EXERCISE remains to be determined.