Introduction In today's world, migrating and people's spatial displacing as a sustainable topic in various fields of human, social, and geography has attracted the attention of researchers. Immigration is one of the four main causes of population change, due to its nature, in addition to long-term changes; it can create fast and short-term effects on population size and structure. Research on the migration of villagers to cities mainly seeks to explain why villagers are migrating and what are the factors influencing their decision on migration. Economic and non-economic factors co-coordinately affect on the causes and motivation of rural migration to city. All evidences suggest that young people tend to emigrate more than other age groups. In the long term, this may lead to reduce and siphon off the young generation from rural areas. The weaknesses of rural infrastructure may also double this problem in result this can lead villagers to migrate to urban areas in order to get better opportunities. Therefore, immigration has been occured in particular among the graduate strata as a runaway brain drain from rural areas. In this way, the traditional value of rural communities based on the simplicity and clarity seems to be fading in comparison with urban culture, and migration seems to be one of its consequences. The majority of researches on rural migration to cities have mainly focused on identifying reasons and factors for taking place this migration until new solutions and strategies can be presented for rural development planning. Therefore, this study has focused on exploring various factors affecting the rural migration to Sardasht city. ...

Nowadays tourism is mentioned as the fundamental factor of sustainable development and tourist attraction plays an important role in this industry. Sardasht with its natural and historical potentials has the potency to become a tourism center. Careful planning and identifying the potentials and limitations of this city can affect the national and local economic development. The purpose of the present study was to identify the potentials and attractions of the urban tourism. The method used in the study was analytical, descriptive and it was an applied research. In order to analyze the obtained data and present a strategy and approach to develop tourism, SWOT model was used. Thus a list of the strengths and weaknesses as well the opportunities and threats was prepared. The strategic factors were set and SWOT matrix was obtained to present the findings for fostering the infrastructures and tourism potentials in Sardasht. The results of the study showed that the existing strategy can be applied for developing tourist industry in Sardasht. Thus the strengths and existing opportunities must be used optimally.

Different geographic environments, offer different potentials and problems in different fields especially in livelihood activities of their residents, attention to which gains a lot of importance in local and environmental programming. Thus identification and analysis of rural potentials and problems is an important step in the process of planning a sustainable rural development. Thus, in an explanatory and analytical approach. This study aims to assess the livelihood problems for villagers living in of Sardasht township based on its findings. This research was conducted based on documents and library as well as interpretations and field survey with a descriptive approach. The statistical population consists 5722 people from the top 50 households of 8 villages of Sardasht township 386 of which were selected the Morgan tables as a statistical sample by simple random sampling and its data was analyzed by SPSS software. Results show that, supply factors imposed the livelihoods in this villages were affected by environmental conditions including gardening and non-agricultural activities, being in a boundary region has also caused smuggling activities. Also results generally show that significant relationship exists between geographic factors such as land slope, access to educational level, distance from boundary area and different earning source of rural livelihoods all of which generated specific livelihood pattern for the villages in the region. Areas of the border also cause direct and indirect employment (freight transportation and passenger operations, loading, etc) that share a border of more than direct employment of indirect employment.

Divorce as one of the most important causes of family disorders has an important role in creating derangement in sociability and socializing of children. The present research has used theories such as functionalism, homogamy, heterogamy, and network theory in order to study the factors affecting the rate of divorce appeal among the women in Sardasht. The research is of survey type, and the statistical population includes the women who presented divorce appeals to the family court in Sardasht during the years 2006-2009. The sample size was 144, obtained through the use of Morgan Table and systematic random sampling technique. By divorce appael is meant the insistence of women (those who had their files in the family court) on getting a divorce from their husbands. The results obtained from the research indicated that the variables of others' interference, family violence, difference in the couples ideas and the family's income rate had a significant relationship with the women's divorce appeal.

Aims Exposed to the war and chemical weapons, the veterans experience severe mental reactions. One of such experiences is the death coming feeling that finally leads to some disorders such as death depression and death anxiety. The aim of the study was to compare the death depression and anxiety in the chemically-injured and non-chemically-injured veterans in Sardasht Township.Instrument & MethodsIn the comparative-causal descriptive study, 100 veterans including 50 chemically-injured and 50 non-chemically-injured veterans of Sardasht Township were studied in 2016. The subjects were selected via available sampling method. Data was collected by the death anxiety index and the death depression questionnaire. Data was analyzed by SPSS 16 software using MANOVA and independent T test.FindingsThe mean score of death anxiety in the chemically-injured veterans was significantly higher than the non-chemically-injured veterans (p=0.001). The mean scores of death hoplessness, death failure, and total depression score in the chemically-injured veterans were significantly higher then the non-chemically-injured veterans (p=0.001). Nevertheless, the mean scores of loneliness and death acceptance were not significantly different in the groups, respectively (p>0.05).Conclusion The levels of death anxiety and death depression in the chemically-injured veterans of Sardasht Township were higher than the non-chemically-injured veterans.

In this research, it has been tried to survey the process of reconstruction and its consequences in Sardasht Town since 1300 (A H). The research method is qualitative and a field one. The research period is five months. Before the reconstruction process the residents of Sardasht were farmers, herders, and villagers. In mountains the nomadic life was seen. The social system was based on clans and the ownership of lands was the major factor in the social stratification. The Sardasht Village was the main center for trading and exchanging the rurul products.The research findings demonstrate that the process of reconstruction has changed the traditional aspects of life gradually. In general the Sardasht village has turned into Sardasht Town and in this way the social system has changed too. At present, although many people are still farmers and herders, all the aspects of their social life have totally changed, but the traditional cultural elements, esp. in villages and among the nomads have changed less.