Purpose: In today's competitive markets, creating strong brand equity is essential for a company's financial success. The existing literature has not yet identified the influence process and influence of brand image on brand equity. Therefore, it is very important to identify the potential factors of brand equity and the relationships between them, such as brand attachment, brand attitude, and brand image. Decision makers can pay more attention to these stimuli to strengthen the special value of the brand, so this research aims to develop knowledge related to brand identity, brand image, attachment, attitude, trust and commitment to the brand and to investigate its impact. Research on brand equity in the household appliance industry and providing solutions to increase brand equity were carried out. The home appliance industry was chosen because it is very attractive to middle-income developing countries. Also, in this study, a conceptual model has been presented that shows the relationships between customers' perceptions of brand image and identity and brand equity.Method: research philosophy; Affirmative, objective; descriptive, orientation; Application and strategy; is navigation. The statistical sample of consumer research is an Iranian brand active in the home appliance industry. A questionnaire was used to collect data. From Morgan's table, 400 people were determined as the sample size, and then the online questionnaire was sent to the target audience. The sampling method used in this research is simple random sampling. In order to analyze the data and test the research hypotheses, the methods of inferential statistics, structural equation modeling and

The present paper seeks to review the antecedents of academic engagement on the basis of Wigfield-Eccles expectancy-value theory. Accordingly, a model was designed in which social culture was considered as exogenous variable, student's perception of learning environment, attribution style, emotional memory, academic self-concept, expectation of success, and task value as moderator variables, and academic engagement as the consequence. To examine the model, a sample including 710 high school students in grade two and three in the courses of experimental sciences and mathematics in Qom high schools were selected through random sampling. All of them completed the questionnaires of student's interaction with teacher, peers, and parents, student's perception of learning environment, attribution styles, academic self-concept, emotional memory, expectancy-value, and academic engagement. The internal relations of variables were examined by structural equations model and EQS6. 1 software. The findings show that social culture has a direct structural effect on student's perception of learning environment and attribution style, and a positive structural effect on expectation of success and task value through self-concept and emotional memory. Self-concept and emotional memory has also positive structural effect on academic engagement through task value. Only structural effect of self-concept on academic management through expectation of success is not significant. The expectancy-value theory is a suitable model for students' academic engagement. The role and contribution of motivational beliefs and cognitive processes are of importance in explaining academic engagement and the structure of their internal relations.

This study integrates the theory of values of the belief in the stern norm and the theory of expectation, and seeks to determine the model of the environmental behavior of tourists who are busy and dying. The statistical population of the study is tourists in Dareh and Durand in Tehran. In this study, S, PS, S and AMOS software was developed. Findings of the research indicate that the value orientation of the environment and the value orientation of social friendship affect the new ecological paradigm and also the awareness of the consequences on the conservation of the environment is unaffected. In fact, the results of this study showed that the value Play an important role in shaping ecological tourism behaviors at the community level,

Aim: This study investigated the role of efficacy and reward value, as described in the Expected Value of Control (EVC) model, in predicting cognitive control in a healthy Iranian sample.Method: A within-subject quasi-experimental design was used. Thirty-one participants were selected via convenience sampling and screened using SCID-V-RV, Ishihara color test, and GHQ-12. Participants completed a Color-Word Stroop task with reward and efficacy cues.Results: ANOVA showed significant main effects of efficacy and reward, and an interaction effect for reaction time. A significant efficacy effect was found for accuracy, but other effects for accuracy were not significant.Conclusion: Efficacy and reward value enhance cognitive control individually and jointly. These results are discussed in light of prior research and theoretical models.

The main objective of present study is to investigate the existence or absence of information content of accounting variables and degree of their association in evaluating equity risk and return, that can improve the investor’s knowledge of analysis, confirming or rejecting the previous decisions in an ideal manner.In this research, an attempt is made to make use of Residual Income Model, in order to come up with a new accounting method in assessment of equity risk on price and stock return, using the difference between market price and intrinsic value (price differential) in market of Iran. Moreover, we employed Fame and French (1992) three-factor-model (Market beta, Firm size and Market-to-Book ratio) as determining risk factors.Results indicate that market beta is not related to price differential. Instead, Market-to-book ratio is significantly positively related to price differential. Also price differential is significantly positively related to abnormal return. However provides only limited power in explaining abnormal return. ]t was found that relative information content of Price Differential and Systematic Risk are not similar. Finally, Price Differential, as Systematic Risk does not have incremental information content in explaining Return.

This study has been done to find out the relationship of task value, ability/expectancy beliefs, perception of task difficulty, locus of control comparison of previous and subsequent chemistry achievement and also testing the Eccles and Wigfield's model. To achieve this purpose, 200 female students were chosen from Tehran public high schools among several processes and accidental sampling (119 students studied empirical science and the rest, 81 students, studied mathematics).All of them filled out the Semnan's Expectancy-value (SVEQ) and Rotter's Locus of Control questionnaire. Data were analyzed with hierarchical regression. The findings showed that task the value could predict the subsequent chemistry achievement in the first model, but the task value had no role in predicting it in the second one when it juxtapose the ability/expectancy beliefs. In the 3rd model the perception of task difficulty was added to those two predicting items which was able to predict the subsequent achievement in reverse order. In the 4th model the locus of control was added to the 3rd models which manifest a meaningful effect in prognosticating the chemistry achievement. In the 2nd-4th the task value couldn't predict the subsequent achievement. In the 5th model the ability of model prediction increased significantly in addition to previous achievement to the rest of predicting items. In general, all findings of this study fit into the expectancy-value theory frame work and on the other hand it's compatible and confirms the previous attempting findings.

Value at risk and expected shortfall are the two most popular measures for calculating financial risk. To calculate these measures (Value at risk and expected shortfall) there are many approaches, which can be divided into two main categories; parametric and non-parametric. In parametric approach it is supposed that the distribution of asset return belongs to a specific class of distributions. For some distributions we can claculate easily the mentioned measures. In this paper the the relation of epected shortfall has been proved for four symetric distribution.