Economic value of natural resources is increased via tourism resources function. Natural environment in the desert area has great potential for attracting tourists and in this respect it has a nonmarketable value. Making these values marketable may lead to rise up the economic value of natural environment in the desert area. One of the most important natural environments in the desert areas of the Yazd province is Bnadak-Sadat. This area is located on the mountain slope with seasonal rivers as well as areas such as the Chelle cave, attracting many tourists in every year. In this study the economic value of this desert area was determined based on a tourism approach in 2010. To do this, 263 questionnaires based on the Mitchell and Carson method were completed by tourists visiting Banadak-Sadat. The results showed that the tourists had willingness to pay 6760 Rials per visit and the recreational value of this natural environment was estimated to annually be 1.1 billion Rials. The actual value of this region will become clearer by investing at least up to the recreational value obtained in order to increase the number of tourists and associated incomes.

Among the social groups of the Iran society during the Islamic period, Sadats were well placed in a number of cultural, social and political spheres due to their attachments with the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) and Ahlul Bayt. Considering the established status of Sadats in Iran society based on the components mentioned before, the establishment of the Qajar regime and the necessity for the Qajar dynasty to support Sadats to gain religious legitimacy during the period of the establishment of their government, this social group assumed a network of various roles. The present research tries to answer this question: what place, function, and relations did Sadats have in the Qajar era of Iran? The findings of this research showed that Sadats, along with extensive relations with the government and various social groups, were a different group that had various functions in the economic, social, cultural and political units, which were mainly due to the lack of social and political institutions in the Iran society, in the Qajar era. This led to the recognition of their roles as a mediating force by the government and the social groups.

Descendants of the Prophet emerged as an important and prominent social class during the time of Timur the Lame, one of the greatest conquerors in the history of Iran, who greatly honored them. He benefited from them in different political, cultural, and social purposes and many of them served him in various roles such as ambassador, spy, adviser, mentor, and teacher of ethics. In return, he not only spared them from mass murder, but he entrusted them with certain facilities such as fief and administration of endowments. Descendants of the Prophet were greatly respected and honored among both Shi'a and Sunni Muslims. The reason for their soft stance towards Timur and his government was his copious favors, and this in turn resulted in the rest of the people sharing the same stance towards his government. Undoubtedly, the great status of the descendents of the Prophet during Temur's time was a factor in spreading Shi'ism in that day and age.

Some social strata in Iranian society underwent changes and transformations during the Ilkhanate period of the Mongols. The Sādāt were one of these strata whose value and prestige increased during the Ilkhanate era. The Ilkhans considered the Sādāt as the social elite of the Iranian society and held them in special respect. Sādāt were predominantly Shia, which further endeared them to the Mongols because the Shiites were more trusted by the Mongols than the Sunnis. The attribution of certain miracles to the Sādāt doubled their credibility among the Mongols. This article addresses the question of what special privileges the Sādāt enjoyed during the Ilkhanate period. The present study, using a descriptive-analytical research method and library data collection approach from primary historical sources, examines the social, economic, political, and managerial status of the Sādāt t during the Ilkhanate period of the Mongols. The findings indicated that the Sādāt were exempt from taxes. With the support of the Ilkhanid rulers, they attained important managerial positions and often held responsibilities and benefits related to endowments. After embracing Islam, the Ilkhans sought to get married with the Sādāt, demonstrating their commitment to Islam and portraying themselves as the rightful inheritors of governing authority over Muslims.