Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis is one of the most common and disabling neurological disease. Some recent studies showed that the possible role of uric acid in the course of the disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of Cerebro Spinal Fluid and Serum uric acid in patients with multiple sclerosis and compared with control group).Methods: In this study, Cerebro Spinal Fluid (CSF) and serum uric acid were determined in 30 patients with MS and compared with 20 patients with non inflammatory neurological disease (NIND), which were matched with age and sex. Data were analyzed with software SPSS17 and statistical descriptive methods (mean- percentage, SD) and T-test.Results: The mean CSF uric acid in patients was 19 mg/dl (SD=0.12) and in the control group was 0.24 mg/dl (SD=0.19). The mean serum uric acid in patients was 3.95 mg/dl (SD=1.24) and in the control group was 4.04 mg/dl (SD=1.36). There was no significant relationship between Cerebro Spinal Fluid (CSF) uric acid in both groups (Pvalue=0.30), and also there was no relationship between serum uric acid with both groups (Pvalue=0.83).Conclusion: There was no difference in Cerebro Spinal Fluid (CSF) and serum uric acid in patients with multiple sclerosis and control group.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common and important metabolic diseases worldwide. Hperuricemia is associated with kidney damage manifested by glomerular hypertrophy and sclerosis. The aim of this study was evaluation of association between serum uric acid level and proteinuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: A total of 140 patients (48 men and 92 women) with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled in the study. Demographic criteria as age, body mass index, serum uric acid level and 24 hours urine protein were measured in these patients.Finding: Mean of patients age was 59.8±10 years. Uric acid level in patients with significant proteinuria (³500 mg/24 h) and mild proteinuria (<500 mg/24 h) were 6.70±1.82 and 5.06±1.46 mg/dl respectively (P<0.001). Serum uric acid level had positive correlation with 24 hours urine protein, duration of diabetes and insulin treatment.Conclusion: In type 2 diabetes mellitus, serum uric acid level has positive correlation with proteinuria; so uric acid maybe has a role in progression of diabetic nephropathy.

The screen-printed technique is widely used as an efficient tool for electrochemical analysis in the environment, clinical, and food samples. In the present work, we have reported a simple and low-cost protocol for simultaneous determination of dopamine and uric acid using immobilization of Magnetic Core-Shell manganese ferrite NanoParticles (MCSNP) onto Screen-Printed Electrode (SPE). Also, the electroanalytical sensing of dopamine was explored at modified SPEs. The response of the modified electrode is linear in the concentration range 1. 0 – 275. 0 μ M and a date action limit of 0. 2 μ M was achieved. The proposed method was successfully employed to detect dopamine and uric acid in serum and human urine samples.

Introduction: There are still some controversies in renal stone formation issue during fasting period. Uric acid is one of the risk factors in nephrolithiasis. The association between body weight and serum uric acid concentration has been reported. This study was aimed to assess the effects of serum uric acid changes, electrolytes and body weight during fasting period.Material & Methods: About the first month of winter when fasting time was at most 13 hours/ day, 44 volunteers were selected. All of them were employees of a military center in Tehran. Blood was sampled and blood pressure was measured twice in the 1 SI and 29th day of fasting period after at least S hours of fasting. Uric acid and electroiytes concentration were measured for each serum sample, using the same method and kit at both times.Results: Mean age of the participants was 39.S±S.4 years. Mean serum sodium and potassium concentration were 142±1.9 vs 141±1.9 mEqjl and 4.1±0.16 vs 4.1±0.15 mEq/1 before and after Ramadan fasting, respectively (No significant changes) Mean after fasting period serum uric acid concentration increased 0.6 mg compared with before this period (4.2±07 vs 3.6±0.6 mg/ dl, p<0.05). The mean body weight value decreased 2 kg during fasting period (726±S.9 vs 74.6±10 kg, p<0.05).Conclusion: Despite the existence of different opinions on changes of serum electrolytes during the fasting period and its effects on renal functional disorders, this study did not show any significant difference. But like most other studies on acid uric, albeit the weight decreasing the uric acid concentration was increased during the fasting period. Uric acid increasing during this period could cause not only renal stones but also coronary artery diseases. Uric acid increase could be due to decrease in glomerular filtration rate or excessive breakdown of tissue ribonucleic acids during fasting period. It is recommended to study on the main reason of increasing serum uric acid in future. Also correct diet education should be considered to prevent tissue damage during fasting period

Introduction: Hyperuricosuria (HU), defined as an increased uric acid excretion, has different symptoms in children and is responsible for the formation of kidney stone. This study was aimed to outline the clinical presentation and natural history of HU in children with hematuria, dysuria, discoloration of urine, and recurrent abdominal/flank pain. Material and Methods: In this cross sectional study, from October 2002 to May 2006, 88 children with Hyperuricosuria at Dr Sheikh Hospital, Mashhad were evaluated. Urinalysis, urine culture, 24-hour urine collection for measurement of uric acid, Calcium and Creatinine, serum evaluation for BUN, Creatinine, uric acid, Calcium, Phosphorous and HC03- and renal ultrasonugeraphy were carried out done for patients. All data were recorded and analyzed with descriptive statistical methods.Results: From 88 evaluated patients, 51% were boys and 48.8 % were girls. The mean age of children was 5.3±1.2 years. The mean Urine Uric Acid was nA mg/kg/24h and mean Urine PH was 5.3. Hematuria was not among the presenting symptoms in 41 patients. Thirty three patients had normal urinalysis at the first examination, 28 of them had microcalculi (<3 mm in diameter) at renal ultrasonography and 12 had stones (4-13 mm). Dysuria and abdominal/flank pain were present in 22 and 17 patients, respectively. There was no microscopic hematuria in 24.3% of patients with microcalculi or stone. Family history of urolithiasis was positive in 63 of the children.Conclusion: Hyperuricosuria has to be suspected in children with dysuria, recurrent abdominal / flank pain, discoloration of urine, and familial history of urolithiasis. The lack of hematuria is not predictive of the absence of urolithiasis.

Background: Uric acid as a final product of purine metabolism has a role of risk factor for cardiovascular disease with less clear mechanism in general population. The aim of this study was Assessing and finding association between uric acid levels and CAD as a risk factor in renal transplant candidates and if we can predict need to revascularization according to uric acid level as an important measure.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that has been studied since April 2007 up to December 2008, in imam Khomeini and pars hospitals in Tehran. Inclusion criteria were patients with ESRD, more than 40 years who were candidates for renal transplantations. They underwent coronary angiography without regarding clinical cardiac symptom or results of noninvasive tests (for avoiding referral bias) and simultaneous analysis of serum uric acid level and results of this two producers were analyzed. Excluding criteria were patients who didn’t tend to coronary angiography, those who hadn’t adequate artery access, or potential comorbidity so that angiography was impossible and life expectancy less than 6 month.Results: 56 (24 females and 32 males) were constituted. 89.3% (50) of patients had coronary artery disease. The average of uric acid level was significantly different in patients with and without CAD [7.62±1.07mg/dl and 5.95±1.29mg/dl respectively] (p=0.0024). Moreover, there was statistically significant difference in serum uric level between patients who were candidate for revascularization and the others [7.89±0.79mg/dl and 6.2±1.27mg/dl respectively] (p<0.001). Conclusion: It seems that serum uric acid can be considered as a cardiovascular risk factor in renal transplant candidates and also as a predictor for related treatment.

Background & Objectives: Hyperuricemia occurs frequently in patients with myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders and in patients with congenital heart disease associated with polycythemia. Since it has been confirmed that serum uric acid levels have a relationship with severity and prognosis of disease, this study was done to evaluate the correlation between serum uric acid level and severity of pulmonary hypertension (PHT).Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was done on 97 hospitalized children (mean age 48.9 months, range 3mo-15yrs) with congenital heart disease that underwent cardiac catheterization at the Aliasghar hospital between March 2001 and June 2002. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 42 cases with pulmonary hypertension, and 55cases with normal pulmonary artery pressure (NPAP).Results: Mean (SD) pulmonary arterial pressure in PHT and NPAP groups were 42.83mmHg (13.08) and 14.89mmHg (3.52), respectively (t=11.18, P<0.001). Mean (SD) serum uric acid levels in PHT and NPAP groups were 4.86mg/dl (2.27) and 4.46mg/dl (l.60), respectively (t=1.01, P=0.31). Mean (SD) ratio of pulmonary vascular resistance to systemic vascular resistance (Rp/Rs) in PHT and NPAP groups were 0.36 (0.18) and 0.11 (0.04), respectively. There was no relationship between serum uric acid levels and pulmonary mean arterial pressure (r=0.03, P<0.81), age (r=0.03, P<0.80), or Hemoglobin (r=0.26, P<0.1). Discussion: Increased serum uric acid levels had a direct correlation with pulmonary vascular resistance (r=0.40, P<0.009). We can use this correlation for prediction of severity and progression of disease to Eisenmenger syndrome.

Background & Aims: According to the high prevalence of epilepsy and the using of sodium valproate as an antiepileptic drug widely given in these patients, accurate recognition of its side effects and its effects on serum lipids profile, liver enzymes, uric acid level, and thyroid function tests, especially in cases that need long-term treatment seems essential. Sodium valproate is a broad-spectrum drug that has been frequently prescribed as a first-line anticonvulsant since 1970. Similar to other anticonvulsant drugs, sodium valproate comes with some side effects, including transient and harmless outcomes such as weight gain, transient drowsiness, hair loss, hand and arm tremors at rest and activity, reversible thrombocytopenia, and moderate (about 3 times) increase in gamma-glutamyl transferase, as well as harmful complications such as hepatotoxicity, encephalopathy, coagulation disorders, pancreatitis, and bone marrow suppression. Also, sodium valproate interacts with other drugs such as phenobarbital, phenytoin (PHT), carbamazepine, lamotrigine, felbamate, rifampin, ethosuximide, and primidone. It generally confers suitable therapeutic properties, and whether it is used or prohibited or its modification due to negative side effects should be decided individually for each patient. Obesity or an increase in adipose tissue is defined using the body mass index (BMI), where the body weight (kg) is divided by the square of the body height (m). In a child over 2, obesity is defined as a BMI at or above the 95th percentile, and a BMI at the 85th to 95th percentile means that the person is overweight. On the other hand, serum concentrations of specific lipids and lipoproteins in young adults are serious risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease during life. Several data showed that increased total cholesterol, elevated triglyceride (TG) and LDL-C, and decreased HDL-C levels, cause cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the assessment of variations in serum lipid profile levels following the consumption of anticonvulsants may help select the safest drug to prevent cardiovascular complications in patients. As we know, the complications of sodium valproate may be higher in children than adult. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sodium valproate on weight, body mass index (BMI), vitamin D3, blood insulin, uric acid level, and serum lipids profile in children with newly diagnosed epilepsy. Methods: This prospective study was performed on 30 children between 3 and 8 years of age who admitted to the pediatric ward of Rassol-e-Akram Hospital in Tehran during 2018-2019, suffered from newly diagnosed epilepsy and received sodium valproate as monotherapy to control of seizures. In this study, patients had no metabolic disease or underlying chromosomal condition, obesity, failure to thrive (FTT), or congenital anomalies were included in the study. All patients with, underlying conditions such as chronic hepatic, heart, renal, and metabolic diseases, diabetes, chromosomal disease, obesity, FTT, congenital anomalies, progressive neurological disease, gastrointestinal diseases, coagulation disorders and developmental delay were excluded from the study. Data include demographic information (age, sex, height, weight and waist and hip circumference of children), as well as clinical characteristics such as liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALK-P), serum lipids level (TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C), thyroid tests (TSH, T4), fasting blood sugar (FBS), Uric Acid level, 25 OH Vitamin D3 (Vit-D3) and blood insulin level of children before and six months after the consumption of sodium valproate, were examined Results: The mean weight of children before and six months after the start of sodium valproate treatment was 18. 54±, 2. 99 and 21. 13±, 3. 93 (kg), respectively. This difference was statistically significant (P=0. 005). Also, the mean weight Z-score of children before and after taking sodium valproate was respectively-2. 497 and-2. 293, that was statistically significant too. In addition to weight gain, there was also a significant increase in the abdominal and hip circumference of children after taking valproate, whereas the increase in mean BMI before and after valproate administration was not statistically significant (P=0. 114). Mean values of weight, body mass index, and circumference of the abdomen and hips of children before and after taking sodium valproate were compared individually in girls and boys. However, mean weight gain, as well as the increase in the waist and hip circumference, had no relationship with gender (P> 0. 05). Paraclinical features such as hepatic enzymes (ALT, AST, ALK-P), lipids profile (TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL. C), thyroid tests (TSH, T4), fasting blood sugar (FBS), the concentration of uric acid, 25 OH Vitamin D3, and the content of blood insulin level before and after consuming sodium valproate were measured individually in boys and girls. Also, sodium valproate significantly increased ALT level (P=0. 046). This is while sodium valproate had no effect on other liver function markers (AST), thyroid hormones (TSH, T4), fasting blood sugar (FBS), uric acid level, 25 OH Vit-D3, and the children's blood insulin levels (P> 0. 05). Conclusion: This study was carried out in 2018 on 30 children aged 3 to 8 years who were admitted in the pediatric ward of Rasool-e-Akram Hospital with newly diagnosed epilepsy and were treated with sodium valproate to control their seizures. In this study, factors including gender, age, weight, height, and size of waist and hip, as well as hepatic enzymes (AST, ALT), and the results of laboratory testing of lipid profiles, uric acid level, thyroid hormones, vitamin D3 level, and fasting blood sugar were recorded before and 6 months after consuming sodium valproate for each patient. According to the findings of this study, it can be said that sodium valproate is a good and safe drug for children between 3 and 8 years of age, but it should be noted that taking this drug increases the chance of obesity in children. Weight gain following the consumption of sodium valproate was observed in all children in this study. The main side effect of this drug is weight gain. In addition to weight gain, a significant increase was observed in the size of the abdomen and hips of children after taking this drug. Due to the normal serum level of insulin, uric acid and lipids, it seems that the role of sodium valproate in children weight gain is more result of increased appetite than metabolic and hormonal changes. Also, the result of significant increase in ALT enzyme level, in this study, recommended that liver enzymes should be checked before, one and six months after starting treatment as it can prevent the irreversible permanent side effects of this drug.