Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome characterized by elevated blood glucose. The α glucosidase enzymes that are found in the small intestine are responsible for the hydrolysis of carbohydrates. The aim of this study was to Bioinformatics evaluation of T. foenum active compounds in suppression of α glucosidase enzyme. Methods: This study was a descriptive-analytical method. For this purpose, the compounds separation of Trigonella foenum were first downloaded from PubChem database and then the α-glucosidase enzyme file was obtained from PDB database. The toxicity class of compounds and the Lipinski rules were predicted by Toxtree & Protox II and the Swiss ADME server, respectively. Finally, molecular docking and enzyme interaction with the compounds in Trigonella foenumwere performed by AutoDock Tools 1. 5. 6 and Molegro Virtual Docker 6. 0. Interaction results were also analyzed using Discovery Studio 3. 5 & Ligplot 2. 1 software. Results: The results indicated that all selected of compounds in Trigonella foenumwere in follow with Lipinski's rules, proper binding energy, and lack of toxicity were appropriate options for α-glucosidase inhibition. But among these compounds, Vitexin had the lowest binding energy and the most inhibitory effect on the α-glucosidase enzyme, with-4. 8 kcal/mol. These compounds also had lower binding energy than standard inhibitor (Voglibose). Conclusion: From the results of this study, it can be concluded that among the most important compounds in Trigonella foenum, the Vitexin compound power inhibitor that due to more hydrogen and hydrophobic interactions with the α-glucosidase enzyme active site.

Background: High Blood glucose levels is one of the main problems in diabetes. α-glucosidase with decomposition of polysaccharides increases the absorption of carbohydrates from the intestine, resulting in blood glucose upsurge. Inhibition of this enzyme is one of the most important strategies for treatment of diabetes. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate in silico inhibitory effect of flavones, found in fruit and plants, on the α-glucosidase activity. Methods: This is a descriptive-analytic approach. The structure of the flavone compounds and α-glucosidase downloaded from PubChem and PDB database respectively. Then physicochemical properties of flavone compounds were predicted by the Zink data base and Swiss ADME server. Finally, Molegro Virtual Docker 6. 0 and Molecular Viewer Molegro 2. 5 environments were used, to do molecular interaction among flavone compounds and the enzyme. Results: Physicochemical characteristics of investigated flavone compounds were desirable. As well all of the studied flavone compounds were able to inhibit the α-glucosidase. But among the studied compounds, luteolin and nobiletin had the lowest negative energy with 78. 98 and 87. 96 KJ/mole respectively, and therefore the most docking points than the miglitol (positive control). Conclusion: Examined flavone compounds in this study, mainly nobiletin, are particularly suitable because of their fine placement in the active site of the enzyme. So they have more inhibitory effect than other similar compounds. As a result, after some in vitro and in vivo, complementary studies on this compound, it is possible to distinguish it as a potent pharmaceutical inhibitor of α-glucosidase, to be used in diabetes treatment.

Background and Objectives: Aloe-vera is one of the most valuable medicinal plants in the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, alpha-glucosidase inhibitory and antimicrobial properties of aloe-vera derivatives including aloe-emodin and anthraquinone. Materials & Methods: Antioxidant activity of aloe-emodin and anthraquinone was determined using ABTS method. Antimicrobial activity of aloe-emodine and anthraquinone was evaluated against Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To determine the inhibition of alpha-glucosidase enzyme, pNPG)p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside)bwas used as substrate. Enzymatic activity was determined by measuring the absorption of para-nitrophenol produced in the solution. Results: The results showed that aloe-emodin and anthraquinone do not have an antioxidant effect at 0. 05mg/mL concentration. The results of the alpha-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory test for aloe-emodin and anthraquinone aloe vera also showed a positive and significant correlation between the sample’ s concentration and its alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity (p˂ 0. 05). At concentrations of 0. 18 and 0. 05mg/mL aloe-emodin and anthraquinone had a 50% inhibitory effect on the alpha-glucosidase enzyme. Therefore, the inhibitory effect of anthraquinone was higher than that of aloe-emodin. In microbial test, the diameter of the non-growth zone indicated that aloe-emodin had the highest effect on Bacillus cereus and the least effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa (p˂ 0. 05). Alsot anthraquinone had the highest effect on Candida albicans and Klebsiella pneumoniae and the least effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa (p˂ 0. 05). According to the results of alpha-glucosidase inhibitor test, anthraquinone is a potent inhibitor, and the antimicrobial activity of anthraquinone is higher than that of aloe-emodin. Conclusion: Considering the favorable antimicrobial and inhibitory properties of alpha-glucosidase, it is recommended to use it as a natural additive in food industry.

Background: Since the alpha-glucosidase enzyme degrades complex carbohydrates and opens the way for their subsequent absorption and increases blood glucose levels, inhibitors of this enzyme are used as drugs for the treatment of some forms of diabetes. One of the medical treatments that have been given so much attention throughout the world is herbal medicine. Therefore, plants are a very good source of bioactive compounds. Objective: The aim of this study was to find strong and new inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase enzymes using plant sources. Method: Methanolic extracts of 32 plant species collected from central regions of Kurdistan province were investigated for their inhibitory activity on alpha-glucosidase enzymes at concentrations of 1, 0. 1, 0. 01 and 0. 001 mg / ml. Acarbose was used as a positive control. All measurements were performed in three replications. Results: According to the results of this study, the extracts of Campanula involucrata Auch. ex DC, Hypericum scabrum L., Salvia suffruticosa Montbr. & Auch and Silene ampulata Bioss. showed inhibitory activities greater than 60% on the alpha-glucosidase enzyme. The inhibitory activity of the extract of Campanula involucrata and Silene ampulata was significantly higher, and their IC50 was 0. 02 mg / ml. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that the just-mentioned plants extract, due to the high inhibition rate and low IC50, can be an interesting topic for more accurate studies.

Controlling post-meal hyperglycemia with α-glucosidase inhibitors is an important strategy in the management of diabetes and the reduction of chronic complications associated with this disease. Based on the results of previous studies, the methanolic extracts of the shoots of Salvia suffruticosa Montbr. & Auch. ex Benth. and Hypericum scabrum L. have significant inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase activity. In this study, to determine the plant parts of S. suffruticosa and H. scabrum with the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory effect, after preparing the methanolic extract from different organs of the plants, the inhibitory effect of all extracts in different concentrations was investigated at 405 nm wavelength using a microplate reader. The highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in S. suffruticosa was related to the concentration 160 mg. mL-1 of the flower extract (100% inhibition and IC50 = 8. 91 mg. mL-1), and the highest inhibitory activity of H. scabrum was related to the concentration 10 mg. mL-1 of the flower (96. 49% inhibition and IC50 = 1. 04 mg. mL-1) and leaf extracts (86% inhibition and IC50 = 3. 98 mg. mL-1). According to the results of the kinetic study of enzymatic inhibition, S. suffruticosa flower and leaf extracts follow a noncompetitive-uncompetitive mixed pattern of inhibition and H. scabrum flower extract follows the competitive-noncompetitive one. Methanolic extract of flowers in S. suffruticosa and H. scabrum had a significant inhibitory effect on the activity of α-glucosidase. So, the flowers of these species are good natural sources for extracting compounds with potent medicinal properties to control postprandial blood sugar levels.

Background & Objective: Alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes raise blood glucose levels by breaking down complex polysaccharide units into absorbable monosaccharide units. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of compounds extracted from Descurainia sophia flowers on the activity of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes in silico. Material & Methods: This study was performed using descriptive-analytical method. For this purpose, first the compounds extracted from Descurainia sophia flower in the previous study were taken from PubChem databases and then the files related to alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes were obtained from PDB database. The Lipinsky rules and physicochemical properties of the compounds were then predicted by the Zink database and the Swiss ADME server, respectively. Finally, Molegro Virtual Docker 6. 0 and Molegro Molecular Viewer 2. 5 were used to perform molecular docking tasks. Results: The results showed that most of the compounds present in D. sophia flower had favorable physicochemical properties, and these compounds inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. But among these compounds, the Valtrate composition with-83. 45 kJ/mol had the most inhibitory effect on the α-amylase enzyme. Similarly, Palatinol and Valtrate compounds had the highest inhibitory effect on the α-glucosidase enzyme with-122. 19 and-152. 88 kJ/ mol, respectively. Conclusion: From the results of this descriptive-analytic study, it can be concluded that the combination of Valtrate due to the appropriate filled in activat site of α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes was more effective than the other compounds in D. sophia flower.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders that are associated with elevated blood glucose levels due to impaired insulin secretion, insulin function, or both. alpha-glucosidase is a key enzyme in hydrolyzing carbohydrates and raising blood sugar levels. This study aimed to investigate the bioinformatics of inhibition of the alpha-glucosidase enzyme by the main constituents of Salvia officinalis. Methods: This research was done by descriptive-analytical method. To study how the compounds interact and the amount of binding energy in the active site of the enzyme, the three-dimensional structure of the compounds and proteins were obtained from PubChem and PDB database, respectively. After energy optimization by Hyperchem software, docking studies were performed by AutoDock 4. 2 software and the Swiss ADME server was used to obtain Lipinski parameters and physical and chemical properties of the compounds. Results: The studied compounds were similar to the two positive control compounds, Voglibose and miglitol, in terms of binding energy and how they interact. The best docking results are related to the camphor. In fact, this compound with the most negative binding energy level (-3. 95 Kcal / mol) has a greater tendency to bind to key amino acids in the active site of the alpha glucosidase enzyme. Conclusion: Due to the appropriate interactions of Salvia officinalis. compounds with enzymes, after confirming the results in vitro and in vivo, this plant can be used as a suitable drug candidate in the treatment of diabetes.

Background: Pompe is a progressive and rare disease with major form (infantile form) resulted from lack of lysosomal alpha-glucosidase enzyme. This disease inherits in an autosomal recessive form and contains spectrum of different symptoms based on the age of onset. The variety of symptoms has seen in this disease like muscle weakness, cardio pulmonary problems, disability in daily routine works, and so on.Case Report: In this case study, we studied the characteristics of 7 established patients in Iran recognized from 8 years ago. The age range of these patients was from 6 months to 28 years.Conclusion: Different diagnosis time in patients, which is important, in this study was between 6 months to 28 years, which could cause many problems in patients whom their diagnosis was delayed.