Background and Aim: CONSUMPTION of the epidermis (COE) is defined as thinning of the epidermis with attenuation of the basal and suprabasal layers and loss of rete ridges in areas of direct contact with malignant melanocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of COE as an additional diagnostic criterion for malignant melanoma and to evaluate its relationship to clinicopathological findings.Methodes: The age, gender, localization of the lesion and the histopathological parameters such as tumor type, Breslow thickness, ulceration, and Clark’s level were recoeded in 90 malignant melanoma cases.Results: In contrast to other studies, we found that COE was more common in tumors with an acral localization and in the acral lentiginous melanoma.Conclusion: Although COE can be used as a pathological criterion in the diagnosis of malignant melanoma, but no correlation no of COE with ulceration and other prognostic factors were found.

This research was performed in order to compare OXYGEN CONSUMPTION rate along the sewerage.To assess the existing conditions, Sahebgharnie main pipeline with the length of 300m and diameter of 300mm was investigated and dissolved OXYGEN concentration was measured in ten points of its length.While concentration of dissolved OXYGEN in the first manhole was 2.73mg/l, its concentration at the last segment decreases to 1.8mg/l in the manhole. OXYGEN CONSUMPTION rate along the sewerage was calculated as much as 8.99mg/l.h.The h/D (sewerage slope) ratio for the first and last spot of the sewerage was measured 4.5% and 29.7% respectively, expressing the fact that dissolved OXYGEN will decrease if h/D ratio increases. The amount of BOD5 was also measured 195 mg and temperature was 20.3.Using this calculation for other systems, it will be possible to prevent biological corrosion sewers.

Introduction: Team sports such as hockey require high levels of performance in various physical characteristics such as strength, power and endurance. Hence, exercises are associated with a potential interference effect. The purpose of this research was to compare the effect of three aerobic interval training methods on OXYGEN CONSUMPTION, blood lactate and the performance of teenage boys playing indoor hockey. Materials and methods: 27 youth male hockey players were selected voluntarily and by purposeful sampling and were randomly divided into three groups. In this research, modified Hough tests were used to check performance, Rockport test was used to measure aerobic performance, and polarimeter was used to determine heart rate and maximum OXYGEN CONSUMPTION. Three training methods were used: 1) type one circular interval training, with 3 x 3 minute intervals and 2 minutes of rest, 2) type two circular interval training, with 1 x 9 minute intervals and 15 seconds of rest and 3) traditional interval running training, with 3 x 3 minute intervals and 2-minute rest. Data analysis was done using one-way analysis of variance. Results: The results showed that V02max increased significantly only in the circular interval type 1 group and traditional interval running, and only traditional interval running caused a significant decrease in blood lactate. Conclusion: Three types of exercises caused a significant increase in the distance covered in the Hoff functional test. However, the three types of exercises were not significantly different in the above indicators.

Different factors are involved in cardiovascular disease and their diagnosis can be used for preventing cardiac disease progress. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of some markers of cardiovascular disease including HS- Creative protein (Hs-CRP) and fibrinogen and some obesity markers including body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) with peak OXYGEN pulse (O2P) and maximal OXYGEN CONSUMPTION (VO2max) in non-athlete young girls. 42 young female (age: 20.21±1.27 yrs old, height: 158.64±5.22 cm, weight: 58.03±8.03 kg) who were healthy and did not have any health limitation for exercise testing were selected objectively from volunteers. 0.5 mm blood were taken from brachial vein in fasting state. VO2max and maximal O2 Pulse was measured with maximal Bruce protocol on the treadmill. CRP. Statistical method of Pearson correlation and SPSS software was used for analysis of data. The findings showed that: there was significant relationship between CRP and VO2max (p£0.05, r=-0.26) but there were not significant relationship between CRP and OXYGEN pulse, fibrinogen, BMI, and WHR with VO2max and OXYGEN pulse (P>0.05). In conclusion improving maximal OXYGEN CONSUMPTION can be associated with reduction of cardiac risk factor of hs-CRP.

Assisted human reproduction is characterized by a high variability in results regarding pregnancy and birth rates. In fact, in a cohort of fertilized oocytes from the same stimulation cycle, the development rate varies drastically, even though produced at the same time and under similar conditions. This variability results in large differences in implantation potential of human embryos developed in vitro, despite similarities in observable parameters such as embryo development rates and morphology. There is no doubt that embryo morphology (determined by the number, size, and shape of blastomeres, the proportion of fragments, and the presence of multinucleated blastomeres) has some predictive value on development and implantation potential. Some noninvasive methods such as metabolomic profiling are still at initial stages of development, awaiting their verification in daily laboratory practice, but it could be applied in the future with further improvements. One of these noninvasive methods, which is consolidating at the moment as a good indicator of overall metabolic activity and a valuable parameter for evaluating embryo quality is the O2 CONSUMPTION (OC), which is directly related with the capacity of an embryo to produce ATP via oxidative phosphorylation, a process that utilizes 30% and 60-70% of the OXYGEN consumed by the embryo at the early cleavage and blastocyst stages respectively. The purpose of this presentation is to describe new and potentially useful aspects of OXYGEN CONSUMPTION as a tentative method for embryo selection.We evaluated the influence of different stimulation protocols on the oocyte O2 CONSUMPTION as well as the influence of different oocyte dimorphisms in respiration rates. The next step was to study how the fertilization process might be affected by the OXYGEN uptake. In the second part of the presentation we have focused our attention on embryos, measuring the OC during 3 days of culture until embryo transfer and evaluating its correlation with embryo development and reproductive outcome.

Background :Overweight and obesity have become a problem for younger generations, so weight management must be introduced. Moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT) has been recommended for aging and obese populations because it is friendly and accessible. However, little information is known about the physiological response during moderate-interval intensity exercise, especially for overweight and obese persons. Objectives :To evaluate cardiorespiratory alteration upon a single bout of MIIT exercise among sedentary, overweight young Thai adults. Methods :Fifteen overweight young adults (8 males and 7 females, body mass index between 25.0 - 29.9 kg/m2, aged between 18 - 25 years) underwent cycling ergometry for 45 minutes (warm-up 5 minutes; 3 × 5 minutes at 20 - 40% of heart rate reserve and 5 minutes at 50 - 60%; cool down 10 minutes). A gas analyzer and limb lead electrocardiogram were used to record OXYGEN CONSUMPTION (V̇O2), heart rate (HR), and dioxide production (V̇CO2) throughout the experiment. Results :During the 45-minute MIIT exercise protocol, the participants consumed 25.1 ± 8.1 L, equal to approximately 530 ± 171 kJ. As expected, heart rate, O2 uptake, and CO2 production increased during moderated-intensity exercise and declined during low-intensity exercise. A low to moderate duration ratio of 1: 1 was sufficient to return both O2 CONSUMPTION and CO2 production to their stage level, but not for heart rate. Although there was a very linear relationship between V̇O2 and heart rate for the overall period (0.761 ± 0.090), the correlation was weaker when selectively computed during low (0.549 ± 0.161) or moderate exercises (0.658 ± 0.105). Interestingly, RER larger than one during moderate-intensity exercise indicated the possibility of high acid accumulation. Conclusions :The MIIT protocol in the present study provided a responsive effect on overweight persons toward anaerobic metabolism but was a little aggressive.

Background and Objective: Research results have revealed a relation between homocysteine as an inflammatory index and inactivity-related diseases. The purpose of this research was to examine the relation between the maximum OXYGEN consumed (a cardio-respiratory endurance index) and blood homocysteine level in sedentary subjects.Materials and Methods: The present study was a semi-experimental research in which 28 students were randomly selected from a population of 240 students of Science & Industry University of Iran (age=19.14±1.24, weight=70.13±11.76 height=175.42±5.86 cm, lipid percentage=19.11±5.98). The sample was then divided into two groups of experimental and control. The experimental and control groups participated in blood donation both in pre-test and post-test. But only the experimental group performed the Bruce Test in 8 weeks of aerobic exercise test (Bruce protocol-Vo2max) three times per week and at their 60 to 75 percent maximum heart rate. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to examine the normality of data and Pearson correlation coefficient was employed to analyze the data.Results: With an eight-week aerobic exercise, no significant correlation was observed between homocysteine (r= 0.16, p≥0.05), and Vo2max, and no significant difference in the experimental group homocysteine was also observed (p=0.64). However, the Maximum OXYGEN Consumed level in the post-test experimental group indicated a significant increase (p=0.0001).Conclusion: No significant relationship was found out between blood homocysteine and maximum OXYGEN CONSUMPTION in inactive men.