Journal of Mashhad Dental School
Year:2004 | Volume:27 | Issue:3-4|Papers Count:16

Introduction: The oral hygiene of a pregnant woman affects both the mother’s health and her child’s, as much as the general hygiene does on the society health. The effects of dietary and oral hygiene habits of the pregnant women on oral health have been frequently studied in the different societies. However, in this regards the literature has paid less attention to the ethnic groups in a country. The present study aimed to study the oral health care and dietary changes during pregnancy compared to non-pregnancy in a minority ethnic group (Asian women) resident in the UK. Materials & Methods: The survey was conducted on a group of 54 Asian pregnant women referring to the General Hospital of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, by interviewing and filling out a questionnaire containing some oral health issues. The results were analyzed using Chi-Square test.Results: About 72 % of the women had changed their diet when they had been pregnant. About 63 % and 56 % had increased the consumption of sweetened stuffs and milk, respectively. About 65 % of the pregnant women brushed their teeth once a day and 59 % had found their gum bleeding during tooth brushing. About 61 % of the women were aware of the advantages of using fluoride toothpaste. Most women (80 %) were knowledgeable about free dental treatment during pregnancy. About 78 % had been visited regularly by dentists. Majority of the women (about 83 %) had not attended any health educational sessions. 43% of the women were nonsmokers. Conclusion: In the group surveyed, the increased consumption of sweetened stuffs and the incidence of gum bleeding was recorded for more than half of the pregnant women. Non-attendance of most women in health educational sessions were negative aspects in oral health. Of the positive aspects, regular tooth brushing, awareness of women from fluoride advantages, low prevalence of smoking and regular dental visiting were included.

Introduction: The occlusion of complete denture has been a subject of argument from the first attempts for treatment of edentulous patients. This study was performed to determine the subjective success of three different methods for setting the artificial teeth of complete dentures. Materials & Methods: 10 patients with normal residual alveolar ridge and jaw relationship were selected. Three complete dentures were made for each patient, the 1st one with normal occlusion the 2nd one with monoplane and the last one with lingualized occlusion.At first dentures were delivered randomly to the patients to be used for one month. The patients filled out a questionnaire 24hrs, 72hrs, 15days and one month after delivery. After one month, the second denture and then the third one were delivered to them randomly. After three months of using dentures, the patients filled out a comparative questionnaire.Results: The results showed that lingualized occlusion apparently has important advantages and deserves further evaluation and research.Conclusion: In contrast with the current concept indicating that normal occlusion is the best occlusion, this study showed that the lingualized occlusion was the best for complete denture.

Introduction: The aim of this study, which has been done for the first time in Mashhad, was to prepare lateral cephalometric templates for boys and girls with normal in Mashhad and use of them for diagnosing and treatment planning of malocclusions in patients.Materials and Methods: In this study 29 girls and 25 boys, aged 11 to 13, were chosen from schools of Mashhad. After preparing files and taking impressions, their lateral cephalograms were taken in NHP and the template preparation process with a new technique was carried out and the templates were extracted.Results: 4 templates were extracted: 2 for girls aged 11 and 12, and 2 for boys aged 12 and 13.Conclusion: Using template is a very fast and reliable way for diagnosing and treatment planning in orthodontics. The templates of this study can be used for patients of the above-mentioned age group.

Introduction: Pemphigus vulgaris and lichen planus are one of the important skin diseases which involve oral mucosae, The patients often suffer from extensive and diffuse ulcers in their oral cavity which are refractory to the routine treatment. Mainstay of treatment in these patients is systemic use of corticosteroids which can be associated with side effects such as Hypertension , Hyperglycemia, Osteoporosis , etc.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of topical corticosteroid therapy added to systemic therapy to accelerate healing of oral lesions and decreasing systemic use of corticosteroids .Materials & Methods: In this study after synthesis of dexamethason 0.1% mouth wash ( DM ) ( in Pharmacology School of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, ), its therapeutic effects on 20 patients with oral lesions of pemphigus vugaris and erosive lichen planus were evaluated and compared with routine treatment methods .Results: Statistical analysis revealed that DM could decrease the pain of oral lesions in pemphigus significantly (P=0.02) and fulfilled patient’s demands, but this effect was not significant for lichen planus lesions . DM could not reduce ulcers duration in any of the diseases.Conclusion: Since reduction of pain as well as burning of oral lesions could indicate inflammation decrease and initiation of healing, doing additional studies with higher concentration of this mouthwash or longer time use is recommended.

Introduction: In orthodontic treatment, extraction of teeth is usual especially for first premolars. After observing lip prominence improvement in the lower third of the face in girls with concave or long faces following orthodontic treatment and extraction of the upper and lower first premolars, we decided to carry out this research. The aim of this research was to study anterior and posterior changes of upper and lower lips following retraction of upper and lower incisors in patients with extracted upper and lower four first premolars.Materials and Methods: Because this research process started on specific patients at one cut of paint of time, is cross sectional and because the cases in this investigation long time have been treated, can be considered longitudinal. In this research twenty patients with Class II Div I malocclusion were selected. Lateral cephalometry before and after treatment was the technique through which the data were collected. The average age at the start of the treatment in males was 12.2 and in females 11.8 years, and the average duration of treatment was 2.9 years. All patients were treated by the standard edgewise method and overjet was decreased 5mm in average. In all of these patients the upper and lower first premolars were extracted for treatment. We used SPSS statistical software to analyze the data T-test, paired t-test and correlation coefficient test were used.Results: Without omission of growth rate 1. In females, for 3.39mm retraction of upper incisors, lips protruded 0.32 mm indicative of a reverse and weak relationship between them. 2. In males, the ratio between retraction of upper incisors and upper lip was 4.4:1 It means that for 8.83mm retraction of upper incisors, upper lip retrusion was 2mm. 3. In boys and girls for 5.02 mm retraction of upper incisors, the upper lip retruded 0.37 mm indicative of a direct but weak relationship. 4. In girls for 0.1 mm retraction of lower incisors, lower lip had 0.7mm protrusion in contrast. 5. In boys, for 5.75 mm retraction of lower incisors, lower lip retruded 5.16 mm and the ratio was 101:1. 6. With omission of growth rate, the retrusion rate of upper lip had a direct relationship with upper incisors in girls and the ratio between them was 3.3:1 that means 3.3 of incisors became retracted, the upper lip retruded 1 mm. The ratio considering boys and girls was 3:1 and 2.7:1 just in boys. 7. In girls and boys, lower lip, following retraction of upper anterior teeth, had retrusion. The correlation coefficient was r = 97.5 and the ratio between them was 2:1. 8. Lower incisors retraction had a direct relationship with lower lip retrusion (correlation coefficient was r=82.1). The ratio in boys and girls was 1:1 and 1:1 respectively.Conclusion: In this study we concluded that the rate of soft and hard tissue changes were different. In other words, soft tissue did not move alongside hard tissue. Changes in boys and girls were different from each other. Rate of over jet, thickness of lips and upper lip connection to nose columella play probably some role in retrusion rate. Lower lip retrusion was more than upper lip. Growth had its own influence on retrusion. In girls less than in boys, lips were influenced by incisor retraction.

Introduction: The base metal ceramic restorations are one of the most popular restorations in the world. No research has been done about the porcelain metal junction on the occlusal surface yet.The main purpose of this study was to find the best location for porcelain metal junction with regard to occlusal contact in base metal- ceramic crown.Materials &Methods: 75 Porcelain Fused to Metal (P.F.M) crowns were made for metal dies. Crowns were cemented on the respective die with zinc phosphate cement and were divided into three groups of25 samples.Occlusal contact in each group was as follows:First group (A): On the porcelain metal junction.Second group (B): 2mm away from the porcelain metal junction on the porcelain.Third group (C): 2mm away from the porcelain metal junction on the metal.All of the samples were prepared for compressive force with Instron machine.Data were analyzed with one way ANOV A and Duncan tests. Results: 1) The average force was different in each of the 3 groups significantly. 2) Group B had the lowest amount of force (290kgF) and group C had the greatest amount (713kgF).3) Group A developed a force between B& C (529kgF).Conclusions: 1- The best location for occlusal contact in the porcelain metal junction restorations is on the metal.2- When the occlusal contact is on the porcelain metal junction, It needs more force for porcelain fracture than when it is on the porcelain.

Introduction: One of the complications following root canal therapy in some patients is the post treatment endodontic pain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of oral administration of a single dose of betamethasone prior to treatment on the incidence of post - treatment endodontic pain.Materials & Methods: In this study 100 patients with single canal teeth with vital pulps undergoing root canal therapy were selected. One hour before treatment, patients were randomly given either 4mg of betamethasone or a placebo identical in appearance to the test drug. Root canal therapy was accomplished with the current standardized technique and evaluated for the incidence of pain, using the visual analog scale approach 2,4,6,8,10,12,24,36 and 48 hours after the treatment.Results: The results of this study indicated that oral administration of betamethasone in comparison with placebo at all periods significantly reduced post treatment endodontic pain.Conclusion: According to the above findings, oral administration of a single dose of prophylactic betamethasone could significantly reduce post treatment endodontic pain in vital teeth.

Introduction: Apical seal is an important factor in successful root canal therapy. Still there are controversies about sealing ability of various sealers materials. Recently Roth-Sealer which is very popular in Europe and U.S.A has been produced by an Iranian company. The purpose of this study was to compare sealing ability of Iranian Roth Sealer with ZOE, Tubli-Seal and AH26.Materials & Methods: In this study we used 100 fresh extracted single root teeth of human. After cutting the crown from CEJ and determination of working length, canal preparation was done with passive step back technique using potency file. The teeth randomly were divided into 6 groups. Four groups with 20 teeth for experimental groups and two groups with 10 teeth as positive and negative control groups . Obturation was done with lateral condensation in four groups with Roth Sealer, ZOE, tubli-Seal and AH26. The coronal seal was achieved with amalgam. In positive control group, we didn't use sealer. After preparation all teeth were incubated at 37 oc temperature and 100% humidity for 72 hours. All teeth were covered with two coats of nail polish and sticky wax except 2mm of apical part. In the group of negative control, all of the tooth surface were covered. Dye penetration was measured using Indian ink (PH=6.2). After splitting the teeth longitudinally, dye penetration was measured by stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and DUNCAN tests.Results: Results showed that dye penetration in positive control group was complete and significantly more than other groups while in negative control group , no dye penetration was observed and in Roth Sealer group , it was significantly less than other groups(P<0.05). There was no significant difference between ZOE, Tubli Seal and AH26.Conclusion: Iranian Roth sealer prowled to be appropriate for root canal therapy compared to other 3 sealers. So, this can be considered as a substitute for foreign Roth sealer which is very expensive. Performing histologic studies on it for confirmation is recommended.

Introduction: The close relationship between endodontics and aerodonetics is firmly established. Many authors claimed that pulpal inflammation may occur following periodontal diseases.The purpose of this study was histological evaluation of pulp in teeth with periodontitis. Materials & Methods: 32 single root teeth with periodontal diseases and without any caries and restoration selected for extraction were used in this study.Extractions were done after special clinical and radio graphical examination. Samples were fixed in 10% formalin and then decalcified by EDTA for three month. Six micron sections were prepared and stained by H & E. Pulp status was evaluated histological under light microscope.Results: Results showed that the amount of inflammatory cells was directly related with mobility and pocket depth. Atrophy in pulpal vessels as well as calcify feature were found in samples with deeper pocket.Conclusion: The findings imply that pulp is significantly affected by periodontal disease. This should be a carefully considered factor when dental treatment is planned.

Introduction: Several procedures are in use for compensating the solidification shrinkage of the casting through investment expansion, among which using the metal ring or liner inside the ring may be mentioned. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of metal ring and liner on the marginal integrity of base metal crowns.Materials & Methods: 30 metal dies were made and divided into 3 groups of 10 .Metal copings were waxed up for all dies and invested using 3 methods. Group 1: with metal ring and liner; Group 2: with metal ring and without liner; Group 3: without metal ring and liner. Castings were cemented on their dies and horizontal and vertical marginal discrepancy was measured microscopically. The results were analyzed using ANOVA test.Results: Group1 (using metal ring and liner) showed the least horizontal and vertical marginal discrepancy (p=0.001) and group 3 showed the highest discrepancy.Conclusion: Considering the results, it is suggested that a metal ring and liner be used for casting base metal restorations.

Introduction: This study evaluated the degree of micro leakage of Ideal Makoo and Tetric Flow composites using two dentin adhesives of Scotch Bond Multipurpose (SBMP) and Excite.Materials &Methods: 60 premolar teeth were divided in to four groups of 15. and class V cavity preparations were done in CEJ. Group 1 was rest orated with SBMP and Ideal Makoo, Group II with SBMP and Tetric Flow, Group III with Excite and Ideal Makoo, and Group IV with Excite and Tetric Flow. Stereomicroscope (X40) was used to evaluate and dye penetration in occlusal and gingival margins. Chi Square test, Pearson’s correlation test and Fishers exact test were used for data analysis (α= 0.05).Results: 1- The degree of leakage was not in correspondence to the type of composite.2- The degree of leakage was not in correspondence to the type of dentin adhesive.3- In four groups, the degree of leakage in gingival wall was significantly more than occlusal wall.Conclusion: Type of composite and dentin adhesive have no effect on degree of leakage. The important factor is the type of wall. It means that in class V restorations, gingival wall is always observed to have more micro leakage than occlusal wall.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of a thin layer of amalgam placed on gingival floor of class II composite restorations in primary molars, on the clinical and radiographic findings and esthetic appearance of these restorations.Materials & Methods: In this study 30 class II cavities were prepared in primary molars of 18 patients aged 6 to 8 years old (14 restorations in control group and 16 restorations in case group). In control group all cavities were filled with posterior composite resin incrementally after total etching and using Scotch bond MP as dentin bonding and in the study group a layer of 1 mm thick amalgam was condensed on the gingival floor of the proximal box and then composite material was inserted. The restorations were evaluated at base line , one week, one month and six months later and also bitewing radiography was taken at base line and six month later .Results: Success rate of restorations regarding anatomical form, marginal discoloration, and color match was 100% in both groups but with regard to marginal adaptation the rate was 84/6% in control group and 86/6% in study group. None of the patients complained of any pain or discomfort .No secondary caries and no radiographic pathological evidence was observed. Conclusion: If long-term in vivo studies and further in vitro studies prove success of the class II combined amalgam-composite restorations, they can be recommended for primary molar teeth and therefore one can enjoy good esthetic of composite material and proper seal of amalgam simultaneously.

Introduction: Micro leakage of gingival floor in class II composite resin restorations is a major clinical problem. The aim of this study was evaluation of the effects of light conducting intrawedges (LCIW) in decreasing gingival micro leakage 1 millimeter above CEJ in class II composite resin restorations.Materials and Methods: 60 maxillary first molars were randomly divided into six groups of ten Proximal slot cavities with gingival floor one millimeter upper to CEJ were prepared. They were filled with Brilliant composite (A3) by six different methods: A: Unfilled resin (UR) + One bulk placement D: UR+ Incremental placement B: UR+ Light Conducting Intrawedge (LCIW)+One bulk placement E: UR + LCIW + Incremental placement C: DBA + LCIW + One bulk placement F: DBA+LCIW+ Incremental placement An etched and silanated biogas cylinder (2mm diameter) was used as LCIW. After 2500 times of thermo cycling (5oc-55oc), Samples were stained and molded in epoxy resin. Mesiodistal sections were prepared one in central and the other in the most lateral part (buccal or lingual) of gingival floor. Dye penetration was determined using a stereomicroscope. The statistical analysis was done by one way ANOVA and Duncan’s test.Results: The mean dye penetration of central and lateral sections was the least in group C (0.8 & 1 respectively) and then group F (1.2 & 1.3). This shows that because LCIW has been inserted in cavity after curing of 1mm layer in gingival floor in groups E and F, their effect in decreasing the micro leakage is less (compared with group C). Conclusion: LCIW in one bulk placement of composite resin restorations can minimize the associated difficulties.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate Periodontal status and treatment needs among Mashhad dental students.Materials and Methods: 301 students (204male and 97female) with age range of 19-37 were selected from 3rd 4th , 5th and 6thgrade dental students and were studied for 5 months using CPITN index.Results: Mean CPTIN was 0.447 for females and 0.912 from males. In female it was 0.22 for maxilla and 0.674 for mandible. In males it was 0.672 for maxilla and 1.152 for mandible.Mean CPITN among different age groups was : 0.546 for the 19-25 year group, 0.970 for the 26-30 year group and 1.213 for the>30 year group respectively. Mean CPTIN was 0.715, 0.696, 0.827 and 0.784 for the 3rd ,4th ,5th and 6th grade dental students respectively. Conclusion: Periodontal status was more satisfactory among females, and among the 4th grade students followed by 3rd grade students. Treatment needs were generally low. Maxilla was less affected than mandible. Gingivitis was the most prevalent involvement.

Introduction: Hyperplasia of the coronoid process of the mandible is a rare developmental  anomaly and my be unilateral or bilateral. Unilateral enlargement of the coronoid process can result from a true tumor,such as an osteochondroma or osteoma.The purpose of this case report is its abnormal sits as well as rarity.Results and discussion: An enlarged coronid process impinging on the posterior surface of the zeugma restricting mandibular opening and facial asymmetry and fracture of zeugmatic arch was detected.Coronoidectomy was done for the patient under general anesthesia via an intraoral approach. Conclusion: One of the differential diagnosis of restricted mandibular opening is coronoid process hyperplasia. Treatment of coronoid hyperplasia consists of surgical removal of the enlarged coronoid process or processes to allow freedom of mandibular motion. Coronoidectomy is usually accomplished via an intraoral approach. Conventional radiographic techniques do not fully reveal the size and mushroom-shaped coronoid process, so CTS canning and tomography is suggested.