SPORT PSYCHOLOGY STUDIES
Year:2020 | Volume:8 | Issue:30|Papers Count:16

The purpose of this study was to understanding the role of sports and cinematic activities in subjective well-being. This research carried out with qualitative research method by grounded theory strategy and constructive approach and data collection is done by semi-structured interview method. Participants in the study included experts in the field of sports, and cinematic elites who were interviewed using purposeful sampling and snowball techniques, where the interviews were conducted with 22 experts. In the analysis of data, using open and focused coding, analytic concepts, and categories have been constructed and the conceptual model of the research is based on these codes. Regarding the results, 21 analytical concepts were identified and focused on the four main categories of cognitive and emotional coordination, positive self-concept, strengthening of communication and social bonding, and strengthening of collective identity, and they were drawn in the form of a conceptual model. The findings of the research indicate that sport, Art and cinematic activities play an important role in the development of desirable feelings and emotions, psychological well-being, social well-being or, in other words, subjective well-being.

The purpose of this study was to Psychometrics of the Qasemi's Seven-Module Communication Skills Questionnaire with the physical education students of Payam-e-Noor University. As a field study aiming at research development, we used the descriptive-survey methodology. The statistical population consisted of the undergraduate physical education students of Payam-e-Noor University of Iran (2016-17) (N=1150). Based on the Krejcie and Morgan's sample size determination table, the required sample size was determined to be 290 individuals, where finally considering the likelihood of dropouts, 300 accessible individuals were non-randomly selected as the sample to complete the research instrument. A researcher-made seven-module communication skills questionnaire was used for data collection. After confirmation of the face and content validity of the questionnaire, the construct validity was assessed through a confirmatory factor analysis. In this study, observation was identified as the seventh skill in a set of communication skills including speaking, listening, reading, body language, use of modern and daily communication tools, and writing skills. Based on the Goodness of Fit Indices (GFI) of 0. 909 and the Comparative Fit Index (CFI) of 0. 921, the model has a good fit. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the writing skill had the highest priority with 0. 782 and the listening skill had the lowest priority with 0. 384 among the seven communication skills. Finally, it is recommended that the validity of this questionnaire also be examined in other communities to warrant a wider application.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of mental fatigue on the neural efficacy of the executive control network in athletes. To this aim, 22 professional athletes’ students participated voluntarily. In order to measure the processing speed and the percentage of error in the control network, attention network test was conducted before and after mental fatigue. The subjects performed the Stroop test for 60 minutes in order to create mental fatigue. Then, they were asked to perform the attention network test. The results of dependent t-test indicated a significant increase in the error rate of the executive control network during mental fatigue. However, processing speed was not affected by mental fatigue. The findings support the reduction in the efficiency of task processing, which is influenced by the speed-accuracy exchange. Therefore, decreasing the effect of processing accuracy indicated the inhibition mechanism and the improvement of processing speed caused by activating the facilitation mechanism in the dual-regulation system.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the psychological pathology and the use of legal and illegal sports supplements in female athletes. This research was descriptive-analytic and is in the cross sectional study. 485 participants completed questionnaires including background information, attitude and knowledge about the use of supplements, and a short form of self-concept questionnaire with an internal consistency of 0. 90 and time reliability of 0. 83. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the central tendency indicators. About 24% of athlete women used sports supplements, 61% of them have had constant attention to authorized and unauthorized supplements. More than 20% have been used only with their coach confirmation. The results showed a significant relationship between physical self-concept and sport supplement consumption. Also due to the low level of recognition of women, it is possible to prevent the effects of these drugs more effectively through appropriate training on the harmful effects of them.

purpose of the present study is investigating the effect of energizing and relaxing music on performance of the Iranian Youth National Judo Team. The following study was a semi-experimental research that designs the pre-test and post-test procedures using a control group. The statistical population employed in this study includes all Judo athletes of the Iranian Youth National Team, which included 45 athletes, selected using purposive sampling and randomly divided into two experimental groups (i. e. energizing music group and relaxing music group) along with a control group, each having 15 members (n = 15). Sports performance questionnaire, was used to assess performance of the athletes. covariance analysis was utilized in the inferential section to investigate the research hypotheses. As demonstrated in findings section, energizing and relaxing music have significant impacts on performance of Iranian youth judo team. Therefore, it is recommended to employ relaxing music if the purpose of the training session is reviewing techniques, learning, or practicing the skills correctly and improving the performance of the training with mental relaxation. Furthermore, if the purpose of the training is reducing anxiety and improving long-term performance (to prepare for longer competitions and effectiveness), and training intensively and increasing the competitive spirit, it is best to use energetic music.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of eight weeks of cognitive-behavioural strategies training on salivary cortisol level with follow up 3 months in beginner runner athletes. The present study was semi-experimental and pre-test and post-test-follow up design. 20 endurance runners of male teenagers aged between 16-18 years old were randomly assigned into two groups: cognitive-behavioural strategies training and control group. The intervention protocol consisted of 8 sessions and a daily home assignment performed with the help of a clinical psychologist. Data were analyzed using mixed ANOVA. The results of study showed that cognitive-behavioural strategies training led to reduction of salivary cortisol concentration in post-test and follow up phases in the experimental group. The results suggested that training cognitive-behavioural strategies training can be used as an effective way to reduce levels of salivary cortisol in runners.

The present study aims to investigate the efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive intervention on reducing athletes' cognitive, physical and behavioral anxiety. 75 available subjects were selected and divided into three groups namely team, individual and control group. Questionnaires were used to examine the cognitive, physical and behavioral anxiety of the subjects after performing mindfulness-based cognitive intervention. The results of the analysis conducted on covariance showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the post-test in the experimental group and the post-test in the control group after controlling for the pre-test differences in the amount of cognitive, physical and behavioral anxiety. The results of independent t-test indicated that there is a significant difference between the overall anxiety of team and individual subjects. Thus, the amount of anxiety in individual fields was higher than that of team fields. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that mindfulness-based cognitive intervention can decrease cognitive, physical and behavioral anxiety in athletes.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of yoga exercises on women's life expectancy. Research design This research was a quasi-experimental study with a control group with pre-test and post-test. Sampling was done by convenience sampling and the control group was selected randomly. Participants were 50 women from Kermanshah who were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The training protocol consisted of three sessions per week and 60 minutes of activity and interventions for 36 sessions each. To measure women's life expectancy, Miller and Powers (1988) life expectancy questionnaire was used. The reliability of the questionnaire was 0. 89 using Cronbach's Alpha. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that yoga exercise was effective on women's life expectancy. According to the results, yoga training can be used to increase life expectancy in women.

The purpose of this study was to identify and design a motivations model for sports participation of veterans and disabled people in Hamadan province. In this cross-sectional study, the researcher, by referring to decision-makers and influencers sports of veterans and disabled people in Hamedan province, collected information from them through in-depth interviews and data from 25 interviews by method the database theory was coded and analyzed. then a questionnaire was designed according to the obtained codes. Validity of the questionnaire by Delphi technique and by a number of professors and experts was confirmed and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. Regarding the widespread community of research and referring to Morgan's table by proportional stratified random sampling, a questionnaire was distributed among 384 veterans and disabled people in the province and using the software S. P. SS & PLS was analyzed. According to the findings of the study and discussing the motivations for participation in sports for veterans and the disabled, such as health motivations, health and vitality and social base motivation, situational factors and motivation for education and skill acquisition, motivation for success and discharge of energy and entertainment were recognized, that affect the tendency of veterans and the disabled to exercise in Hamadan province.

In the present study, effective factors in development of ethical commitment to the next generation in professional athletes were evaluated. Method of the research was mixed method. The research tool was a researcher-made interview and questionnaire, validity, and reliability of which were confirmed. Statistical population of this study consisted of all male athletes of national teams of the country in selected sports fields (207 people), among which 132 people were selected as the research sample by random sampling method based on Morgan table. Results of the study showed that, among identified factors, public knowledge was the most important factor influencing development of ethical commitment to the next generation between professional athletes. Results also indicated that attracting public participations and firm belief were other important factors effective in developing ethical commitment to the next generation between professional athletes.

The purpose of this study was to identify the role of perfectionism and hope in predicting the sport motivation in students. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the students was Shahid Rajaee University and 282 participants (132 males and 150 males) were selected through stratified random sampling method. To measure the variables, multidimensional questionnaire of Tehran's perfectionism, Hopefulness and Sport Participation Motivation Questionnaire were used. Hypotheses were tested using multivariable regression. The results showed that there was positive relationship between perfectionism and sport-based hope. Among the variables of perfectionism and hope, only perfectionism can explain 6% of the variance of sport motivation. Among the components of perfectionism, self – oriented has been able to explain 8% of variance. Also, agency thinking component of hope can explain 3% of the sport's motivational changes. Results can be used to predict the student's motivation.

The purpose of this study was to predict the physical activity of students. The research community included all students aged 11 to 18 years old in public schools in Tehran during the first semester of the academic year of 2018-2019 which is selected by the sampling method. In this research, in order to measure the variables of the research, Godin and Shefard athletic exercise questionnaires (1985), Self-efficacy of physical activity and social support of Norman et al. (2005) and the expected outcomes of the exercise of Reconik et al. (2000) were carried out. The research results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between social supports and social self-efficacy with physical activity, but there was no significant relationship between exogenous outcome and physical activity. Also, the results of multiple regression showed that social support and self-efficacy explain 14. 5% of the total variance of students' physical activity changes and social support is a stronger predictor of self-efficacy. In order to increase physical activity adolescents can be used as an important factor in any intervention program of social support, especially parents and friends.

The present study was conducted to compare the effect of linear and nonlinear pedagogy on students̓ participation motivation in physical education class. 40 students were selected by random sampling method and were assigned to two groups of linear and nonlinear pedagogy consisting of 20 subjects per each group. In the pre-test, participants were asked to complete the Participation Motivation Questionnaire (PMQ). Flights of hurdles were used as the task completed in a 50-meter route. Traditional education approach was applied in linear pedagogy group. In nonlinear pedagogy group, constraint changes (distance and height of barriers) were used. The post-test was performed after acquisition phase. Results showed that linear and nonlinear teaching methods had a significant effect on student’ s participation motivation. It was also found that, the subjects in non-linear training group had better participation motivation than those in the linear training group. In this regard, physical education teachers and educators are suggested to use a nonlinear approach to enhance student’ s participation motivation.

Although participation in sports activities can have positive effects on college students’ happiness, many students are often less motivated and less involved in these programs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the motivational factors and barriers to student participation in sport activities at Yazd University. The research method was descriptive-analytical. The population consisted of all undergraduate students at Yazd University, which 360 students were selected as an equal stratified random sample. Also by purposeful sampling, five professors were chosen. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire which its validity and reliability were confirmed. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics in form of structural equation rank analysis of variance were used. In addition, a qualitative analysis was used to analyze the explanatory answers. The findings showed that the "personal barriers" (0/63) and the "organizational and management factors" (0/47) have the highest impact on the students’ participation. It was also found that 40% of the variance can be explained by the "individual barriers". Among those indicators, the "poor awareness and attitude" and the "economic weakness" had the highest levels of intervention. Regarding the role of the individual barriers on students’ participation in sport activities, the present study suggests some solutions such as implementing attractive and incentive plans, developing appropriate facilities, and making students more aware regarding the effects of exercise on vitality.

The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between fine and gross motor skills and academic achievement in 7-year-old children. The relationship between fine and gross motor skills and academic achievement mediated by emotional intelligence was also tested in a mediating model. Participants of the study included 200 children (100 girls and 100 boys) aged 7 years' old who were selected as available study sample from children in Tehran Province, Iran. Fine and gross motor skills were evaluated using the Bruininks-Oseretsky-2 Test; emotional intelligence was assessed using the Schutte Self-Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT), and academic achievement was measured by the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test II (WIAT II). Results showed that, fine and gross motor skills, emotional intelligence, and academic achievement were positively correlated with each other. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis showed that, fine and gross motor skills had a positive effect on academic achievement through an indirect path via emotional intelligence. These results highlight critical importance of emphasis on fine and gross motor skills for academic achievement in the children studying in the elementary school.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Role of emotional Labor Strategies on the Turnover intention of sport coaches with the mediation of the burnout. The statistical population of the study consisted of all active sports coaches in East Azarbaijan province and 301 of them were selected purposefully. The Brotheridge and Lee (2002) and Diefendorff et al (2005) questionnaires, were used to collect emotional Labor information and Researcher made questionnaire was used for coach burnout. The Meyer et al (1993) questionnaire were used to assess coaches' intention to quit. Also, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed. The results showed that surface acting has a significant positive effect on the coaches Burnout and has indirect effect on the coach’ s turnover intention. Deep acting also had a negative and direct impact on Burnout and indirect effect on the coach’ s turnover intention. However, the genuine expression had no direct or indirect effect on burnout and turnover intention.