JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCHES IN GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCES
Year:2011 | Volume:18 | Issue:21|Papers Count:7

Neighborhoods sustainable development attempts to meet sector needs during rapid development period and different requirements. One of the crucial aims of the urban management is the sustainable development of the cities followed by sectorial development which may be attained through sector management in which sectors are considered as the city organs. The present research evaluates the performance of urban management in neighborhood sustainment of the district2-area4 of Tehran municipality. Our method is analytic, survey and descriptive. The studies showed that the sustainability of this district is 204.17 which is meaningfully higher than 201, which is indicator of sustainability in this research. Also, urban management has been effective in sustainability of the district2-area4 of Tehran municipality with coefficient of 0.511. Moreover, urban management had highest effect in physical performance and lowest effect in economical performance in general sustainability of the district 2 with 34.4 and 6.3 percents respectively, from the viewpoint of neighborhood sustainability.

The urban expansion and its due pressures derived from various needs of urban population, has not only transformed the urban spatial structure but also caused considerable socio-economic and physical changes to the rural peripheries. As such, despite the necessity of paying attention to the principals, such as Complementarily and labor division required for a justified rural-urban interaction-based on their needs, potentials and limitation-the rural areas have been considered as an alternative for overcoming urban problems. The present research work-the analytical method-used survey data collected by the field visits and attempts to understand the role of distance on the spatial changes of Saveh's peripheral villages. The statistical universe consists of 28 villages of Noor-Ali-Beiyg rural district in which 4 villages with different distances to the city were selected as samples. The findings indicate the significant effect of distance on the amount of spatial changes of Saveh's population growth and physical expansion.. Accordingly, the cheap land and labor of these villages are considered as opportunities in respect to the city's residential and other problems. This of course introduces a new core and peripheral relationship, as a result of which the peripheral villages are becoming subordinated to the city's changes. The findings suggest that, for a logical and appropriate interaction relying on the knowledge of the human and physical potentials of the urban and rural settlements' the authorities must employ a regional approach in their urban and rural planning. By investigating the spatial changes of peripheral villages of Saveh, attempts to understand the role of physical distance from the city by comparing the changes between closed and far villages the present research attempts to understand the role of distance from the city of Saveh on the spatial changes of its peripheral villages. Therefore the investigating and comparing these changes by their distance from the above mentioned city.

Liquefaction appears in saturation conditions in sandy to silty unconsolidated soils. When seismic loads of earthquakes stresses on suitable masses of soils for liquefaction, these soils tend to reduce their volumes, this leads to liquids trap inside the soil and water in pores pressure increases, so effective shear stress decreases inside the soil and liquefaction appears. This phenomenon during an earthquake can lead to geomorphic changes on the surface of the earth and causes damages on human foundations. Recognizing and zonation of suitable areas for liquefaction alongside by determining risk potential areas can help us to reduce damages during an earthquake. In this research, by using IRS remotely sensed data and overlying digitized layers of geologic and seismic areas, underground water table level, and geomorphologic landform characteristics, a liquefaction zoning map were produced for Silakhor plain west of Iran which shows 7 class of potential risk areas. Based on this map, 7 percent of study area located on very high level risk of liquefaction, 21 percent on risk class 5, 5 percent on risk class 4, 4 percent on risk class 3, 5 percent on risk class 2, 30 percent on risk class 1 and 28 percent on class zero.

Women's participation process within transformation trend in rural communities in Iran has gain an increased trend in recent years. Contributions are expected to be increased with an increase in the level of social capital in these areas of rural community. In this paper an attempt has been made to study the influence the amount of social capital formation on the process of women' s participation in various activities in rural areas. Research method here is descriptive-analytical in which the main part of the data collection is based on field studies of area. Statistical population of 1315 households with 250 households as the Cochrane and systematic random sampling method is selected. Study findings, based on the results of multiple regression test show highly variable impact of social capital on rural women's participation of 0.610 which indicates moderate positive effect of social capital is on the contributions of rural women. Social capital formation has had most influence on rate of participation of women in various villages, so that it explains alone a 38.8 percent of the partnership changes. On the other hand, the strong relationship exists between social capital and participation in various villages in the area there. Considering the results, solutions including investment in rural economic affairs, education, rural women and girls, formed the database for the identification capabilities of rural women toward promoting awareness of rights and benefits of their abilities and talents through participation in community education and mass media etc. are proposed.

Dust storms are the most damaging hazards in the arid and semi arid regions of the world. The Lorestan Province of Iran due to its adjacency to the vast deserts is affected frequently with dust storms. This study aimed to analysis the effective conditions on the important climatic factors of these storms, so that the planners could anticipate and manage these most dangerous hazards. For this purpose the daily dust data for the six synoptic stations of the province were extracted from the data bank of the Meteorological Organization of Iran during the study period. Two of the 30 intensive storms of these data with very short horizontal view, were identified and analyzed in terms of pressure, instability, temperature, moisture, and wind at the different levels of atmosphere, their satellite images were also considered. The results showed that the 500 hpa level trough and the sea level low pressure over the Persian Gulf are the most important synoptic factors for these storms. The northwestern winds blowing from east of Turkey and north of Iraq bring the dust from the deserts on their way. The main source areas of dust for the Lorestan province are the deserts of Iran, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Syria, and to some extend the Sahara desert.

Parking areas are the most important infrastructures of urban transportation systems. They have a critical role on reducing parking at street corners and traffic stresses issues. Parings can function effectively when they were built in suitable places. Parking management is an important tool in urban management. GIS is science and technology of Geo-referenced data analysis. It can overlay number of parameters simultaneously. GIS is suitable tool for Multi-criteria deciding making like site selection. Weighting and layers overlay methods are common problems in the site selection process using GIS. In this article in addition to provide suitable parking's optimum site selection in the 4 region of Tehran 15 zone by using GIS, comparison of different weighting methods for parking's site selection is also provided. By use of weighting methods like: Statistic Correlation, Fuzzy AHP, AHP three degrees, Structured AHP. 4 scenarios of parking's site selection were generated. For converting areas to important points, derived areas were categorized in 3 classes of high, medium and low suitability using standardization methods. Finally, according to the methods of calculation, the second scenario-Fuzzy AHP method-was the most appropriate scenario in the Parking site selection in the study area.

In this research, circulation configuration of atmosphere was studied at 500 hPa level. This study has been done using daily data of geo-potential height at 12 GMT in NCEP/NCAR database with spatial resolution of 2.5*2.5 degree in a 55 years period including 20089 days from January, 1st, 1951 (Day, 11th, 1329) to December, 31st, 2005 (Day, 10th, 1384). At First, the mean geo-potential height at 12 GMT is extracted for all days of solar calendar to analysis spatial configuration and relation of these patterns. Then, an agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis on the basis of ward linkage method has been done in MATLAB software. According to this analysis, five circulation configurations in the north hemisphere are recognized. The 1-1 pattern which is coincided with the cold period of year shows maximum weakening of subtropical high pressure and predominance of westerlies with Ross by waves over Iran. The 2-2-2 pattern which is coincided with the warm period of year shows maximum activity of subtropical high pressure. Occurrence of this pattern is coincided with the time of predominance of this system over Iran.