The increase in security crimes implies the failure of the traditional criminal policy. Therefore, criminal policy emphasizes the necessity of new legislation. The approval of more than four laws related to the issue of terrorism in the last two decades in England or the use of the expanded phrase "crimes and misdemeanors against the basic interests of the nation" in France and the definition of multiple examples of "corruption on earth" in Iran, as follows Article 286 of the Islamic Penal Code approved in 2012, which includes internal and external anti-security measures, bioterrorism activities, corruption disrupting the country's economic system, and other widespread crimes; It is indicative of the implementation of security-oriented criminal policy strategies in the last few decades. The present article, by explaining the background of the schools and the course of development of the systems with a descriptive-analytical method, concludes that the patterns faced with examples of organized insecurity under security-oriented criminal policy strategies need to be redefined, and the most important of them is the expansion of crime. He pointed out generalization, applicability, comprehensiveness, generalization and extension of criminal liability to deputies and informants in security issues. In order to institutionalize the aforementioned strategies, proposals such as the approval of the Comprehensive National Security Law, the separation of public and security crimes proceedings, discourse creation through the production of scientific content, the creation of technical and judicial procedures in the handling of security cases, specialized training and awareness Special security officers can be counted.

Background and objectives: Social security has a very important and sensitive role in different dimensions of human life. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of the participation of trustees in establishing social security and its purpose was to investigate the effect of the components of membership in participatory assemblies, participatory position, participation in implementation, participation in decision-making in establishing social security in Tehran.Methodology: In terms of its objectives the current research is of an applied research type and descriptive-survey in terms of implementation method. The statistical population of the research included the trustees of districts 17, 11, and 10 of Tehran. The size of the statistical sample was determined based on Cochran's formula, and Cochran's formula was used with an unspecified and unlimited population size. The sample size was 350 people who were selected by cluster random sampling method. Face validity was used to measure the validity of the research and Cronbach's alpha was used to measure the reliability of the research variables. SPSS software was used to analyze the data. At the descriptive level, center tendency statistics were used, and at the inferential level, Pearson's test and multivariate regression were used.Findings: The results of this research showed that membership in cooperative assemblies, participatory position, participation in implementation, participation in decision-making in establishing social security has a significant effect at the level of 5%. The correlation coefficient between membership in participatory assemblies and the establishment of social security is 0.56, the correlation coefficient between the participation position and the establishment of social security is 0.61, the correlation coefficient between participation in the implementation and establishment of social security is 0.60, and the correlation coefficient between participation in making decisions and establishing social security is 0.48.Results: One of the factors to improve social security is the social participation of local trustees, and if participation is promoted, its components such as membership in participatory assemblies, participatory position, participation in implementation and participation in decision-making of social security are also improved.

The role and position of the Kurdish Baban Emirate in Iran-Ottoman relations has been neglected. The main problem of the present research is to investigate the impact of the Ottoman central government's inability in the eastern provinces on the security of the western territory of Iran. Emirate of Baban and Pashalik of Baghdad were provinces far from the Ottoman center. The territories of both rulers were separated from the territory of Iran after the Zohab Treaty, but Iran's influence and role in Baban and Baghdad never disappeared. The inability and unwilling of the Ottoman central government - especially from the twelfth century to the middle of the thirteenth century - had led to a power vacuum in the eastern provinces. Such a situation was a serious threat to the western territory of Iran. As the subjects and borderlands of Iran were exposed many times to the raids of the Kurds and Arabs of the territory of Baban and Baghdad. In order to ensure the security of its territory, as well as maintaining and continuing its role and influence in the territory of Baban, Iran was inevitably involved in the conflicts between Baban and Baghdad. Some researchers have wrongly considered Iran's involvement in Baban and Baghdad issues as "interference". While Iran's involvement was as a legitimate right to Self-Defense. In the present research, the claim of Iran's "interference" has been rejected by a descriptive-analytical method and a critical approach, citing Iranian and Ottoman documents and sources. Because the involvement of Iran in the affairs of Baban and Baghdad was more than based on the will of the Iran, it was caused by the inability and unwillingness of the Ottoman government in the eastern provinces. Basically, the Ottoman government was considered among the unable or unwilling states from the point of view of international law. In order to ensure the security of its subjects and borderlands, Iran sometimes had to use force, except for political and diplomatic ways

Background and objectives: Ethnic cities are facing challenges such as the dominance of ethnic culture and tribalism, relying on ethnic customs and traditions instead of legalism. The purpose of this research is to identify, investigate and present the model of social security in Ramhormoz city.Method: In terms of its objectives this study is of an applied research type and in terms of its nature it is considered as a descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the research in three levels: 1- Citizens using the Krejesi and Morgan Table, 324 people for the sample size by stratified random method, 2- Prisoners, 50 prisoners from the city of Ramhormoz (all prisoners regardless of the type of crime) and 3 - managers and city officials of Ramhormoz city, 40 people (all managers and officials) were selected by simple random method. The data was evaluated and verified through a researcher-made questionnaire, whose validity and reliability were evaluated using Cronbach's alpha (.88). To analyze the data, using spss26 software, exploratory factor analysis and regression (for the statistical population of citizens), t-test of variables, analysis of variance for the statistical population of prisoners and managers and city officials were used.Findings: The most important influential factors identified in the reduction of social security in Ramhormoz city are: ethnic culture (24%), social capital (4.7), legal security and citizenship rights (4.9), services and public security (3.5), conflict Ethnicity (3.4), economy and employment (4.5).Results: Taking advantage of existing capacities and reducing obstacles in social fields, especially strengthening social capital, specialization and reducing the influence and influence of certain ethnic groups, social participation, development and expansion of values ​​and norms instead of custom, development of social justice in order to deal with the marginalization of some ethnic groups can improve social security in Ramhormoz city. The model presented in this study, emphasizing the constructionist point of view, has put forth the acceptance of cultural ethnocentrism and ethnic mobilization instead of melting ethnicities, avoiding the division of cultural work and strengthening social capital as the most important factors in increasing the social security of the city.

Background and objectives: Tourism is one of the indicators of social and economic development in accordance with its expected principles and foundations. The purpose of this research is sociological study and prioritization of social security indicators in the tourist areas of Kermanshah city. Methodology: This study was conducted with a quantitative approach, a descriptive-survey method, and a statistical population of 7, 681 tourists in Kermanshah city in 1401, of whom 360 were randomly selected. Correlation, analysis of variance, and regression were used for data analysis and SPSS software was used for data processing. Findings: The results show that the satisfaction with police presence (45/80), life and financial security (31/52), satisfaction with the treatment of local residents (25/85), comfort and health facilities (17/19), and communication security (15/54) are, respectively, the most important security indicators in the tourist areas of Kermanshah according to the respondents. The results of multiple regression show that the social class of tourists (T = 8. 47), level of income (T = 7. 325), marital status (T = 3/823), employment status (T = 3. 321), ethnicity (T = 2. 740) and gender (T = 2. 085) explain the value of 0. 545 of tourists' social security. Results: The safety of tourists is related to components such as satisfaction with the treatment of local residents, life and financial security, communication, the level of satisfaction with the presence of the police, regional amenities and health security, and planning for these components is possible with inter-departmental cooperation. It is necessary to provide suitable conditions in the country in order to gain our place in the world according to the capacities we have in the tourism industry.

The most sublime theme in describing a healthy life based on the Islamic-Iranian model is the beautiful Quranic word “Hayat Tayyiba.” This phrase means living in the way of God and achieving high goals, reaching the truth, attaining nearness to the Almighty, and embodying divine morality. In this way of life, material comfort and well-being are realized along with spiritual development, progress, and ascension. A healthy lifestyle encompasses religious customs, instructions, and comprehensive health recommendations for living well and leading a purposeful, joyful life free from disease or abnormality. Healthy social behavior and a good way of living form the foundation of human happiness. Emphasizing justice in health and its social determinants will enhance social health and other aspects of well-being while preventing the emergence and development of risk factors for diseases. This significant social achievement will, in turn, ensure, maintain, and enhance security in society. Embracing a healthy lifestyle with an Islamic-Iranian approach will result in a balanced and meaningful personal life, and its impact on social life will contribute to society's attainment of security, order, and participation.

Smugglers were an anti-government movement in the lands of Tsarist Russia. A part of this flow only turned to creating disorder in the society and looting, but a significant part of it, as an active popular force in the South Caucasus region, sought to eliminate oppression and establish stability and peace in this region. Therefore, in order to achieve this goal, they clashed with the rule of Tsarist Russia and the local feudal lords dependent on it, and due to the lack of forces, they chose guerrilla warfare on the borders of Russia and Iran on both sides of the Aras. This escape in the border areas caused them to be referred to as smuggling. This research aims to investigate the problem of smuggling in the borders of Iran in Qajar rera and Tsarist Russia in the 19th and 20th centuries by using library sources and in a descriptive-explanatory way. The findings show that the urgent need for land and water and its lack, the arbitrariness of the rich and those dependent on the government, were the main reasons for the emergence of smuggling in the South Caucasus. The issue of lack of land and soil became a big crisis when the tsarist government pursued its policy of Christianization in the Caucasus and accordingly confiscated a significant part of the land and water of the native Muslims in the region for the benefit of the newly arrived Christian populations.

Background and aim: Establishing stable security in major sports events is one of the important challenges of those in charge of organizing them in the country. Therefore, the current research seeks to identify factors affecting sustainable security in major sports events in Iran.Method: This research is practical and exploratory with a mixed approach (qualitative-quantitative). In the qualitative part of the data base theory (Strauss and Corbin 1990) and semi-structured interview with 20 experts who were selected by non-random sampling and face validity and reliability (retest) were used. In the quantitative part of the research, 250 people participated and were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient 89%) were confirmed and analyzed by multivariate regression test.Findings: Based on the findings, causal factors include proper management, disciplinary and security measures, inter-organizational communication; Background factors include management of fans' emotions, emotional and psychological support; Intervening factors include the implementation of laws and regulations, monitoring of media and virtual space, and sports policies; The strategies included the promotion of culture, social integration, correct education, sports diplomacy, improving welfare and sports infrastructure, investment and financial assistance, technology and information, and the consequences included sports, security and cultural consequences.Conclusion: It is suggested that the country's sports custodians establish a constructive and unifying determination to create sustainable security by creating unity and empathy by changing the attitude in the country's sports community and with a coordinated management centered on security forces.

Nowadays، moving towards sustainability is highly considered in different societies with different levels of technology and management. In order to have a stable and healthy city، planners، decision makers and experts have tried to seek indices، by which the urban communities’ capacity towards sustainability could be examined. In this context، the use of ecological footprint indicator in assessing urban carrying capacity has attracted so much attention in educational and scientific context. The present study attempted to investigate carrying capacity of Sanandaj in 2014 using ecological footprint indicator. The results showed that per capita ecological footprint of the city، for housing، transportation and food is 1. 43 hectares which is less than the national per capita footprint (2. 7 global hectares). The most and least parts of the ecological footprint belong to housing sector with 371923. 5 global hectare (0. 99 ha per capita) and to food sector with 382. 917 global hectare (per capita 0. 001) respectively. The bio-capacity of Sanandaj was 0. 38 global hectares during this period that indicates the ecological deficit and an upcoming instability in this city. Also in this study it was tried to examine the ecological security in Sanandaj using pressure indicators of production، consumption and distribution of ecological footprint and it was revealed that due to the higher rate of production pressure (14. 96) to consuming pressure (3. 71)، Ecological Footprint distribution index (3. 03)، was positive and showed that the city of Sanandaj is in a very dangerous state in terms of ecological security and would have a worrying condition in the future.