Ramhormoz Fault has been located in the Dezful embayment and it is active from point of tectonics. The Geomorphic indices including mountain front sinuosity (Smf), valley floor width to valley height ratio (Vf), basin shape index (Bs), and stream length– gradient index (SL) have been calculated for determination of various tectonic activities along the Ramhormoz fault. The mountain front sinuosity (Smf) index was calculated about 1. 003 to 1. 14 respectively in the active and inactive parts of the Ramhormoz fault. The amounts of valley floor width to valley height ratio (Vf) index show the range between 0. 37 to 13. 48 in the active parts with V shape valley morphology and inactive parts with U shape valley morphology respectively. The basin shape (Bs) index has been calculated between 6. 5 for the very active parts and, 0. 5 for the low active parts of the fault. The stream length– gradient (SL) index was calculated between the range of 227-14. 5 for the active and inactive parts of the fault respectively. The overlaying of the data layers was made and the active tectonic map of the study area was created with application of the GIS techniques. According to the active tectonic map the Ramhormoz fault was divided to the three classes of tectonic activity zones. Class 1 shows the high tectonic activity and class 3 shows the low tectonic activity parts. Results show more tectonic activity in the central and south west parts of the hanging wall respect to the other parts of the Ramhormoz fault.

As abrupt changes in business environment are a focal point of risk management, financial managers and investors need to consider risk factor so seriously if they wish to enhance their enterprises.In view of the significant status of poultry-farming industry in job creation and non-oil exports, the current research aims to study financial risks involved in poultry- farming in Ramhormoz Township. The statistical population consisted of functional poultry farms in the township as for the year 2005, out of which a sample of 40 farms (13 cooperatives and 27 private businesses) was taken. Questionnaire and documentary data gathering were the techniques and methods employed.Also, Z test was for data analysis. The results indicate high financial risks involved in the industry which were found to be due to drastic fluctuations in marginal price and demand rate as well as inability to pay both short - and long-term debts.

Introduction: Weeds control has been recognized as an essential action in crop production systems. Weeds, in addition to crop quantity, are effective on crop quality, harvest costs and pest abundance diversity. Onion (Allium cepa L. ) cannot tolerate prolonged competition withweeds because of its initial slow growth rate after planting, shallow fibrous roots, and small above-ground canopy for effective soil shading (7, 8). Weed infestation in garlic is one of the major factors for loss in yield and bulb loss to the tune of 40-80% (2, 5, 25). Regarding the increase and development of onion cultivation in recent years, effective control of weeds in all stages of growth stages is necessary in order to increase bulb yield. In all researches, hand weeding has the highest onion yield, but due to increased production costs, it may not be economies. The use of herbicides can be an alternative to lowering costs, lack of labor and increasing onion gain. Herbicides such as Oxyflourfen, Oxadiazone, Linerone and Pendimethalin are used to control onion weeds (11, 15). With evaluation the effect of Oxyflourfen and Oxadiazonon onion weed in the early growth stage, it was demonstrated that the Oxyflourfen after hand weeding had the best weed control and onion bulb yield (7). In general, very limited research on chemical control of onion weeds in Iran and in the world has been carried out. Therefore, this research was carried out to evaluate the effect of three post-emergence herbicides in two application timing on weed control and onion bulb yield in Ramhormoz region. Materials and Methods: In order to evaluate the effect of application time of some post-emergence herbicides on onion (Allium cepa L. ) weeds control, a factorial experiment was conducted in complete randomized blocks design with 3 replications in Ramhormoz region. Experimental factors included post emergence herbicides (Clethodim 1. 5 Lit. ha-1, Oxadiazon 2 Lit. ha-1, Oxyflourfen 1. 5 Lit. ha-1 and Clethodim+Oxadiazon 1. 5 and 2 Lit. ha-1, respectively) and two different times of herbicide application (1-2 and 3-4 true-leaves stage of onion). Onion seeds were planted directly on Oct. 4th and the onion planting density was 25 plants per m-2. Fields received 100 kg P ha-1 and 150 kg N ha-1. The P was supplied in the form of single superphosphate. Nitrogen treatments were applied as urea (46% N). Dominant weeds in time of herbicides application were Echinocloacrusgalli, Malvaspp, Convolvulus arvensisand in time of bulb formation were Malvaspp, Melilotusofficinalis and ScorpiurusmuricatusL. . Living weed plants were calculated before and after herbicide application using 0. 5×0. 5m quadrate, and weed biomass obtained by harvesting and drying tissues at 75 ˚ C to constant mass using 0. 5×0. 5m quadrate at bulb formation stage. In order to evaluatethe efficiency of weed control, below equation was used: WCE=[(A-B)/A]×100 In this equation, WCE is the weed control efficiency (reduction of weed number in percent), A is weed density before and B is the number of weeds after herbicides application. The evaluated onion traits included: bulb fresh weight, bulb number, bulb diameter, bulb dry weight. Statistical analysis was made using the SAS statistical program. Differences between traits means were assessed using Duncan's Multiple Range Test. Results and Discussion: The major weeds flora in the field experiment were Echinochloa crus-galli., MalvarotundifoliaL. and Convolvulus arvensisL. Results showed that the effect of time of herbicides application on evaluated traits was not significant but the effect of herbicides treatments on the decrease of weed density and biomass was significant. The lowest Echinocloacrusgalli abundance and the highest control of this narrow weed was obtained from Clethodimherbicide treatment. Clethodimdid not control broadleaf weeds. Regarding the growth and coincidence of broadleaf weed growth such as Scorpiurusmuricatus L, Malvaspp and Melilotusofficinalis with onion growth, Clethodimhad no effect on these weeds and had the lowest onion yield. Oxyflourfen was the most effective herbicide onthe decrease of weed density and dry biomass (including Malvaspp and Melilotusofficinalis)and resulted in the highest bulb fresh yield, the bulb number, the bulb diameter and the bulb dry weight. It has been reported that the use of Oxyflourfen during post-harvest resulted in the highest number of onion bulbs per unit area, and then Oxadiazone and Fluozifop were arranged in subsequent positions (13). Although the difference of dry weight of bulb was not significant between different application timing, post-emergence application of oxyfluorfen at 3– 4 leaf stage resulted in onion. Thus, itwas recommended for effective onion weed control and high economic yield.

Introduction: One of the most important infectious diseases, especially in subtropical and tropical regions in developing countries is Malaria. Due to the importance of the infectious disease in these areas, the aim of current study is to evaluate epidemiology of malaria through microscopic evaluation in Ramhormoz County, southwest of Iran, during 2001-2016.Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the blood specimens were collected from all suspicious malaria individuals referred to the Ramhormoz Healthcare Network. For the preparation of peripheral blood smears, one drop of sample was carefully placed on a microscopic slide and the slide was also stained by the Giemsa staining. In order to the detection of the parasite, the peripheral blood smears were evaluated via optical microscope.Results: In this study, of 2769, 40 (1.44%) individuals were infected to Plasmodium vivax. The highest frequent of malaria was observed in 2001, 2002 with 13 (8.49%) and 11 (6.79%) cases, respectively as well as the lowest prevalence was seen in 2007, 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2015 with nil case. From a total of 40 malaria confirmed cases during the years, 34 (85%) and 6 (15%) were male and female, respectively. Also, of 40, 34 (85%) and 6 (15%) cases were lived in the rural and urban areas, respectively.Conclusion: These findings showed a significant decrease in malaria incidence in Ramhormoz County, southwest of Iran during 2001-2016. Based on the climatic status of the County, the risk of malaria epidemics must be considered constantly and the control programs should be continued until the elimination of disease.

1-Introduction In this research with application of petrofabric studies and finite strain analysis quantitative changes of strain have been evaluated in the Gachsaran rock units in the hanging wall of Ramhormoz thrust fault. Thirteen samples were selected for strain analysis in the normal section to the Fault strike along natural trench in the study area. Porphyroclasts have used as strain markers for future strain studies. The results of petrofabric studies reveal a dextral component of shear in the study area. Results of strain analysis show relative relationship between amounts of strain and distance from the fault. Three dimensional analysis of strain ellipsoid shows three axial oblate ellipsoid shape for strain ellipsoid. Kinematic vorticity analysis in the XZ principal plane of strain ellipsoid shows 0. 39Wk>0) (Passchier and Trouw 2005). Pure and simple shearing components contribute equally to the instantaneous flow at Wk=0. 71 (Law et al. 2004). There are several methods for determination of the kinematic vorticity number. In this research kinematic vorticity analysis was made based on Rxz-θ nomogram (Bailey et al., 1999). Rxz and θ are strain ratio in the XZ principal plane of strain ellipsoid and the angle between long axes of the strain ellipsoid related to the reference line, respectively. Results show 0. 39

Aquifer vulnerability assessment to identify areas that have a potential contamination of water re-sources management, is very important. One of the rudimentary and important ways to prevent groundwater contamination is the identification of vulnerable areas and applied its results for land use management. In this study, the vulnerability of Ramhormoz aquifer evaluated by an Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method and Modified DRASTIC based on GIS. In the DRASTIC model the map of seven hydrogeological characteristics affecting groundwater pollution (depth to water, net recharge, aquifer media, soil type, topography, the impact of vadose zone and hydraulic conduc-tivity) was combined using Geographic information system (GIS) and aquifer vulnerability map was prepared. In order to overlaying the data layer tree methods (DRASTIC-DRASTIC, DRASTIC-AHP and AHP-AHP methods) have been used.Nitrate concentration data of groundwater have been used for model validation. The results show that, except the southeast that have a high vulnerability, other parts of plain have a low to moderate vulnerability. In the study area, DRASTIC-DRASTIC and DRASTIC-AHP methods have a better results rather than AHP-AHP method. The correlation coefficient between Q index and nitrate concentration in DRASTICDRASTIC, DRASTIC-AHP and AHP-AHP methods is obtained 0.97, 0.96 and 0.81, respectively, which confirmed the results.

Ramhormoz plain is one of the agricultural poles in Khouzestan province. Partial use of groundwater potential, decrease of precipitation and lack of management in groundwater have caused the cultivable lands not to be fully expolitated and surface soils gradually being converted to idle lands because of erosion. For this reason, conjunctive use of groundwater and surface water resources has been proposed for overcoming these difficulties, and groundwater modeling, as an efficient and economical tool for evaluation of management alternatives, has been suggested. Different climatological, geological, hydrogeological and hydraulic data have been collected and analyzed for this purpose and after preparing the conceptual model, necessary data have been defined as input to various software packages of V.MODFLOW.V.2.6. First, time period of December 1994 to August 1996 was divided to 4 time periods of one month time steps and model was calibrated by trail and error's estimation of hydrodynamic coefficients. Then, the model results were optimized by PMWIN through PEST code. After verification of and assurance from reliability of the model, the model was used as a management tool and different management alternatives, including current pumpage, development of aquifer by drilling new wells, effects of drains and assessment of response of aquifer to import water for irrigation were examined by the model. The results of simulation show that from management point of view, the current pumpage (withdrawal) is not an accepted alternative. On the contrary, drilling wells in the East part of the study area and construction of drains in the North and South, parts of study area are suitable alternatives.

In this research, the biostratigraphy of the Gurpi Formation in Kuh-e-Sefid section in east of Ramhormoz is studied. The thickness of the Gurpi Formation is 190.5m and consists mainly of shale, argillaceous limestone and marl. The lower boundary with the Ilam Formation is comformable with sharp lithology and upper boundary with the Pabdeh Formation is unconformable with a gap between Late Maastrichtian and Late Paleocene. In this study, 47 species belonging to 17 genera and 8 biozones of planktonic foraminifera were recognized. The biozones consist of Dicarinella asymetrica zone, Globotruncanita elevate zone, Globotruncana ventricosa zone, Radotruncana calcarata zone, Globotruncanella havanensis zone, Globotruncana aegyptiaca zone, Gansserina gansseri zone, and Racemiguembelina fructicosa zone. The age of the Gurpi Formation based on these biozones is Late Santonian to Late Maastrichtian in this section.

Introduction: Rapeseed cultivation as an important oil seed crop for edible oil supply in Iran and therefore, the identification of cultivars adapted to the particular environmental condition of each region have a particular importance in terms of attaining higher yield in the current state of the country (Hasan et al., 2014). On the other hand, recognizing the relationships between agronomic traits and determining the contribution of each of these traits to yield production provides the necessary information for the breeders to select the most suitable genotype for each region (Basalma, 2008; Marjanovic-Jeromela et al., 2008). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of effective traits to grain yield and identify the most effective traits as criteria for selecting high yielding cultivars in Ramhormoz region. Materials and Methods: This research was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications and ten spring rapeseed genotypes in the cropping year of 2016-2017 in Ramhormoz. The quantitative traits in this study included the number of flowers on the main raceme, siliques on the main raceme, ratio of siliques produced per flowers produced, number of lateral branches, siliques on the lateral branches, grain per silique, 1000-grain weight, silique length, plant height and height of the lowest silique from the soil surface, grain yield, biological yield, number of days to flowering and days to end of flowering, number of days to silique formation and days to maturity, duration of flowering and duration of silique formation to maturity. Results and Discussion: The studied rapeseed genotypes showed a significant difference in the all investigated traits except for success ratio for flower development into silique (%). The Safi6 with the highest number of siliques per plant, Hyola420 with the relatively high number of grain per silique and the highest grain weight and SAN34 with the highest number of grain per silique produced the highest grain yield. These three genotypes also had longer flowering duration. Despite the high number of siliques per plant, the late maturity genotype of Hyola60 with the lowest number of grain per silique and the relatively low grain weight had the least grain yield, due to its grain-filling coinciding with the end of the growing season and heat stress. Among the studied traits, the number of grains per silique had the most positive and significant correlation with grain yield and in stepwise regression analysis, it was the first trait which was entered to the model and explained 71% of the variation of yield along with the number of siliques on the lateral branches, 1000-grain weight and the height of the lowest siliques from the soil surface. According to the results of path analysis, the number of grain per silique had the most positive direct effect on grain yield. The indirect effects of this trait via the number of siliques on the lateral branches, 1000-grain weight and height of the lowest silique from the soil surface were negligible. In spite of the relatively high direct effect of the number of siliques in the lateral branches on grain yield, there was no significant correlation between the number of siliques on the lateral branches and grain yield, due to the negative indirect effect via 1000-grain weight and height of the lowest silique from the soil surface Conclusion: The results of this study showed that Safi6, Hyola420 and SAN34 were the most suitable genotypes to achieve the highest yield in Ramhormoz region (with consideration of the recommended planting date). Grain number per siliques with the highest positive direct effect on grain yield and negligible indirect effects via other traits was introduced as criteria for selection of high yielding genotypes in spring rapeseed breeding programs.