Introduction: Strawberry is one of the native and small fruits of moderate regions, which its cultivation has been increased in all over the world including Iran. Due to the abundance of vitamin C and mineral materials, it is very useful for some diseaseses. Lack of the knowledge in production management, harvesting, cooling, transportion, storage, marketing and processing equipments and connection between these different parts are the main problems throgh industrial production of strawberry fruit (Salami et al., 2010). According to the various studies, the parameters such as color, shape, size and mass are not sufficient for the consumer to purchase the fruit (Abbot, 1991). They would like to have more information about the fruit which is supposed to be purchased (Voca et al., 2008). Several researchers have been investigated physical and chemical properties of different varieties of strawberry fruit (Wojdylo et al., 2009; Salamat, 2011; Nemzer et al., 2018). According to the litrature, any international standard classification for Parus strawberry (which is mostly cultivated in Iran) based on physical and chemical was not found. In this study, some physical, mechanical and chemical properties of strawberry fruit Parus variety, as well as the relationship between them, were investigated. The classification was performed based on the appearance features including color and size with the opinion of the expert in six classes. Materials and methods: In Kurdistan province strawberry fruit is often grown in open area and cultivated areas of Parus variety due to many reasons are increasing. To classify the strawberries, six classes were considered. Physical and mechanical properties such as dimensions, density, porosity, stiffness and biological yield point were measured at least at five replications. The porosity of the strawberries was also calculated through the division of the difference between actual and apparent density to actual density. Also, the stiffness and biological yield point were measured using Universal Instron Testing Machine (Zwick/Roll). Chemical properties of Parus strawberry including vitamin C, acidity, total soluble solids and flavor index were investigated at five replications. Results and discussions: The analysis of variance showed that all chemical properties including ascorbic acid, acidity, total soluble solids, and flavor index, were strongly influenced by the class. The LSD mean comparison showed that the highest levels of vitamin C were related to the ripe fruits which had a direct relationship with fruit size. The acidity values between the classes varied from 0. 55 to 1. 08, and the lowest value was related to the first, second and third classes, respectively. The total soluble solid material (TSS) was affected by some factors: sugar (as main part), organic acid and organic pectins and was increased by growing strawberries and increasing the amount of sugar. For the first, second and third classes, TSS was higher than those of the fourth, fifth and sixth clases. The flavor index value for the lower classes (first, second and third) is higher than the higher classes (almost 2 times). The analysis of variance for all physical and mechanical properties indicated that all parameters are affected by the classes. Due to its more soluble materials, the maximum value for actual density was related to the third and second classes, respectively. The apparent density of agricultural products depends on various factors such as geometric shape, size, surface properties, moisture content and measurement method. The apparent density for the first and fourth classes were 561. 743 and 498. 408 gr. mm-3, respectively. The maximum and minimum value of stiffness was related to first (about 5. 2 N. mm-2 ) and fourth (about 28. 2 N. mm-2 ), respectively. For biological yield the maximumvalue was related to the fourth class, as well. Conclusion: In this study, the classification of strawberry, variety of Parus was investigated based on physical, mechanical and chemical properties. All properties were affected by changing the classes. The results of this research can be used to design and construct post-harvest and sorting mechanisms of agricultural products which require comprehensive information about physical, mechanical, chemical properties.

We investigated maximal Prym varieties on  nite  elds by attaining their upper bounds on the number of rational points. This concept gave us a motivation for de ning a generalized de ni-tion of maximal curves i. e., maximal morphisms. By MAGMA, we give some non-trivial examples of maximal morphisms that results in non-trivial examples of maximal Prym varieties.

According to organizational development in interdisciplinary education in the last three decades, in addition to the expansion of interdisciplinarity in scientific and intellectual activities, now it might be said that interdisciplinarity has acquired a high status in academic structures. Reviewing literature shows that there are different types of interdisciplinary experiments; among them some are familiar to scholars, while others are somehow non-familiar. However, it does not mean that these non-familiars are useless or inappropriate. Considering that each kind of interdisciplinarity has its own approach that leads to knowing and understanding special subjects in the multifaceted interdisciplinarities, the present study attempts to explain the most important types of interdisciplinarity, and their special implications.

This article, beginning with a fundamental question on the possibility of assessing the standardization degree of languages, intends to make clear the concept of language standardization degree and to extract objective criteria for such an assessment. Taking these criteria into consideration, a theoretical framework suggested by Fargosen and also standard language criteria and with due regard to it, the presented framework and standard in Persian language are studied from macro point of view. The suggested criteria in this framework are of four types: A) the criteria concerning the language use style and its extension; B) the criteria concerning the level of flexibility and strictness in creation and establishing a language; C) the criteria concerning the standard language situation in the society; D) the criteria concerning the acceptance of a language by people. The conclusion of the study is that Persian language from standardization point of view and with due regard to the group A and B faces unsuitable circumstance and with due regard to the group C and D it faces the suitable one.

Having reviewed methods of creating varieties in rhythmic patterns making zarbies in Radif of Yousef Foroutan, I identify and compare these methods with the process of creation of rhythmic variety in nonmetric pieces of Foroutan in his Radif. For comparison purpose pieces with similar rhythmic structure in said zarbi pieces are listed and each part is compared with the immediate part after it. Where parts are different their variety and changes are evaluated. As Foroutan was one of the most important performers of old metric pieces and melodies composed by him are counted as significant pieces, the comparison allows us to identify his understanding of rhythm and application of Radif in his own style and accounts in composing zarbi pieces. In this paper I am not analyzing melodic development and expansion but trying to study and identify how to use rhythmic factors in making an Iranian Classical Music genre with a phenomenological approach. zarbi pieces in this paper mean pieces of certain mode composed with relatively average tempo. As seen in Foroutan Radif some zarbi pieces may be referred to as Pish Daramad for being played in the beginning of a Dastgah or Avaz, however they are studied as zarbi pieces as well. Other metric pieces known as Char Mezrtab, Reng and Tasnif in Foroutan Radif are not studied as zarbi pieces in this paper. In this way 11 zarbi pieces from Foroutan Radif with the aforesaid attributes are studied in terms of rhythmic variety. Changes like repetition with different performance techniques, dynamic changes and/or performance using different ornaments may be considered as types of variation in these pieces which are excluded from this paper for the fact that we only study rhythmic variations and changes here. The comparison indicates in general that different combination of rhythmic patterns in consecutive melodic parts of metric pieces in Foroutan Radif created changes in the pieces referred to in this paper as 1-Increase in number 2-Decrease in number 3-Increase/Decrease in number. Meanwhile, each rhythmic pattern may have been changed and diversified using below methods: 1-Division of duration 2-Integration of Duration 3-tone/Rest. There are some other variation methods in Western Classical Music such as diminution or augmentation performed using changes in the melodies duration which are not common in Iranian Classical Music. These methods are not seen in metric pieces of Foroutan Radif studied in this paper. The method is not seen in other metric pieces having ordinary attributes of Iranian Classical Music. Rhythmic variations in melodic ideas of zarbi pieces in Foroutan Radif follow the same process used by him in creation of variety in nonmetric pieces. This may indicates his conception and knowledgeable or unconscious use of rhythmic pieces’ attributes of nonmetric parts in composing zarbi pieces. Rhythmic attributes of Yousef Forouan zarbi pieces may have been effective on performance of nonmetric part in his Radif. The method studied and considered in this study may be used in composing new metric and nonmetric pieces.