The purpose of this study was twofold: to investigate the use of educational research finding among the administrative staff in local education authorities and to describe their perceptions of barriers to research utilization. A total of 68 practitioners were asked about 41 recently published research studies. Results indicated that only 12.25% of them were aware of the published studies through specialized journals. Media, bulletins, abstracts periodicals, and seminars. The main barriers to research utilization were described as a lack of mutual relationship between practitioners and researchers, insufficient funding, and inadequate competence among the practitioners

In this article at first NTH and CSM utilization factor prediction models as topics of the empirical and the theory-empirical models are reviewed. Then with notice to structure of the data bank that is used for prediction of utilization, effective parameters on utilization are introduced. With use of two and multi variable statistical analysis some relations are presented for prediction of utilization and on results obtained from theses relations are discussed. In flow with use of Neuro Network the most suitable Network for prediction of utilization is determined and ability of this network in comparison with multi variable statistical analysis and real value of utilization factor is investigated. Prediction of utilization for Gavoshan Tunnel's TBM with Neuro Network is discussed in the latest parts of article.

Nifedipine is a type II calcium channel blocker that is widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders in nonpregnant individual. Over recent years, it is widely used for the management of hypertension in pregnancy and preterm labor. This Literature review its safety and efficacy, side effect on fetus and mother. Because it is given orally and low side effect, nifedipine is a safe drug in pregnancy but larger trials are required for use of nifedipine in routine ard wide clinical practice.

There are various methods to measure the utilization of grasses that each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. The use of utilization gauge for grasses and grass-like species is one of these methods. This research was aimed to investigate the efficiency of utilization gauge in determining the utilization rate of native grasses in Iran. Thus, the utilization rate of Agropyron cristatum and Stipa barbata was measured by utilization gauge method, and the conformity of results with the weight ratio method (control) was assessed by linear regression. Since the utilization scales are prerequisite to the use of utilization gauge, which currently do not exist in our country, first these scales were developed. For this purpose, 30 plant individuals were sampled, of which 25 individuals were used to provide utilization scales and five individuals were used to evaluate the conformity of the two methods. According to the results, the two methods showed good conformity, so that the utilization gauge could be used to estimate the utilization of grasses. Since this method is rapid, non-destructive, and cheap, the use of utilization gauge is recommended to estimate the utilization rate of native grasses.